Isigodlo St Nicholas Berlyukovsky: umlando kanye nezithombe

Amane nambili amakhilomitha enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Moscow, ku osebeni emfuleni Vori elise Nicholas Berlyukovsky Isigodlo, ngasinda kanye zezindela olungcwele eRussia kanye izinkathi ebuhleni neminyaka ngokunganaki. Isiphelo sakhe ngokucace babonakalisa intukuthelo nesihe zababusi. Futhi namhlanje, lapho abantu ephaphama ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka ubuhlanya ezikhuthaza ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, waphinde idinga abantu abafana umqaphi namagugu abo yokhokho ezingokomoya.

Izindela ngowokuqala Isela River

Izazi-mlando sinombono wokobana Nicholas Berlyukovsky sezindela uvela kusuka emihumeni bemba lapha izindela lokuqala, abafika lapha emakhulwini XII-XI. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi emazweni Russian peschernozhitelstvo, ngenxa yezimo zezulu, linikwe kuphela kumbuthano elincani le zizincishe injabulo ardent, Izigodlo izibonelo ukuphila kwalesi kungabonwa kuwo wonke umlando wethu.

Kwatholakala ukuthi lasendulo, ezikhathini zangaphambi kobuKristu ngaphezulu lomfula ka Warri kwaba ithempeli lamaqaba, futhi izindela lokuqala Isigodlo, bazinza kulezi zindawo, elamiswa esizeni ezimbili emathempelini ababulewe yizithombe zabo - egameni uSanta uJohane uMbhapathizi futhi St Nikolaya Chudotvortsa Mirlikiyskogo. Kule ndaba, yezimo abhekene efika engqondweni umlando kumila Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, lapho Izakhiwo zokuqala kwakhiwa esizeni amanzi kukhishelwa endlini Dnieper Thixo.

Ieromonah-ishile

Indawo ekhethiwe lezifiki zokuqala, engasekude edolobhaneni Berlin (eminyakeni elandelayo Avdotyino), ngakho wasungula sezindela ekuqaleni wabizwa ngokuthi St Nicholas Berlin ehlane. Indaba yakhe ithola ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo ngemuva ukubonakala kulezi zingxenye Hieromonk Varlaam abafika lapha ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVII, lapho izwe Russian ingene shí ngomlilo Isikhathi Nezinkinga. Engakayihlanganisi Stromynsky owakhileyo kweNyuka Monastery, etholakala eduze Fryanovo emzaneni, kodwa nabasePoland ezazihlupha bazishisa 1603.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi kwakungemva kokuba ukubukeka kwakhe imibhalo komlando sezindela inkathi iqala ukuba ukubizwa ngokuthi St Nicholas Berlyukovsky Monastery. On umsuka abacwaningi igama kungeke kukhishwe mbono ocacile. Abantu nabo amahemuhemu lihlobanisa ngayo igama ezingelwa kule ndawo futhi liyakukhokha eziphendukayo Berlyuk isidlaliso, okusho "Impisi", noma nje "isilo."

Ingabe lokhu legend nesisekelo sangempela - ayaziwa, ikakhulukazi kusukela wangaphambili attribute isisekelo sezindela miscreants eziphendukayo langena isiko wendabuko. Isibonelo salokhu Optina abadumile, futhi kusolwa based Optoy nomphangi.

Ukuqala obschinnozhitiya Izigodlo

Mayelana kanjani waqala inkonzo yakhe Izigodlo ogwini Vori uyise Varlaam, walondoloza ukwaziswa kusele izingxenyana nje lowo owasikhipha imibhalo kwenkathi. Nokho, kuyaziwa ukuthi ngokushesha ngemva atehlukanisa bemba yena eyeseli zobumba, futhi wahlala kuwo, wazinikela ukuba nokuzila ukudla, beza kuye enye izindela kusukela zezindela uyachitheka, kanye nabo, walala abantu, ababefuna owanikezela ukuphila kwakhe ekukhonzeni uNkulunkulu. Kancane kancane isibalo abakhileyo ehlane saqala ukwanda.

It is eyaziwa ngokuthi ngolunye usuku uyise Barlaam, kwaphuma abesifazane ababili zihlaba ubudala - kuMama Owayephethe isigodlo Evdokia, owayehola Baptist engasekude Assumption Monastery, kanye noMgcinimafa yayo uJuliana. Baletha isipho abode isithonjana St Nicholas lasendulo.

Ngenxa yalesi sithombe ezingcwele zabantwana Barlaam umdala futhi abazalwane babeka imithwalo Chapel wokhuni iziqu owagawula esisuka emhlabeni ehlathini. Ukubukeka shrine sengithola abakhileyo emaphandleni aseduze futhi bangena uquqaba Nikolo-Berlyukovsky sezindela. Maduze, ngemithandazo phambi kwesithombe waqala amandla okwenza izimangaliso, futhi abantu abaningi abanaso baphola.

Isakhiwo sokuqala zamatshe sezindela

Njengoba isibalo pilgrim ukukhothamela imiyalelo ngokuyisimangaliso isithonjana futhi silalele Varlaama umdala, ahlanganiswe futhi ukuncika yengcebo kuze kube manje Collegiate. Kwadlula iminyaka eminingana kulokhu, kanye neminikelo othembekile futhi Iminikelo boyars abavakashele Isigodlo esizeni Chapel wangaphambili lamiswao esontweni itshe, abazinikele e egameni St Nicholas.

Ngo 1710, njengoba Isigodlo (St Nicholas Berlyukovsky) engakakhuli isimo esemthethweni isinqumo kubaholi Diocesan, isonto wathola isimo wezindela eMoscow Chudov Isigodlo, futhi ukukhonza kulo, kanye ngcono jikelele we inzuzo etholakale izindela eziningana eholwa wesigodlo Pohomiem. Lokhu kwaba isinyathelo esibalulekile ekufezeni ukuqashelwa eMoscow Sabefundisi sezindela.

isimemezelo wezinzalamizi ku ukusungulwa Isigodlo esisha esaba kuye ngemva kweminyaka elikhomba, futhi wathola isimo esemthethweni, ugwadule lususiwe kusukela nendawo ethile ye-Chudov Monastery. Umlando uye walondoloza igama lokuqala wesigodlo we Isigodlo, wayengumpristi bangashadi kaDiodorus, ngubani banikelela inkonzo kaNkulunkulu yemfanelo ayiphathisiwe ngaphakathi kwezindonga Isigodlo engamashumi amabili.

Umuntu ophikisana nenqubo kahulumeni wesigodlo

Ngo 1731 walandelwa esikhundleni uJosiya indela, ngubani wajabulela udumo omkhulu phakathi amakhosazana uMariya Feodosia - nodadewethu bomdabu kamufi ngesikhathi uMbusi uPetru I. Isiphetho le ndodana ezithembekile Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia sasidabukisa. Waba nesibindi ukuba zikhulume tinchubomgomo isinqumo leyo minyaka iNdlovukazi Anny Ioannovny.

Njengoba wazi, kweyishumi kokubusa kwakhe besihambisana nesiminyaminya lapho ukubusa izizwe zonke izinkampani zikahulumeni kanye ukuma jikelele izinqubomgomo pro-Western. Ukuba Patriot yeRussia, sikaJosiya uyise akazange anqikaze sola esidlangalaleni futhi Empress yena, kwephula izithakazelo zezwe, nezikhulu zayo ezonakele. Ukuze ephikisayo wakhe bathunjwe unomphela eKamchatka, lapho ngokushesha yafa, akakwazanga ukumelana sezulu layo ezinzima.

sezindela alibheke

Ihlazo weza, nezindela kwabaningi, ngokusho kombiko eyatholwa ihhovisi we okulahla Imfihlo, "ngubani wakulalela ngomusa" ukuze wesigodlo sakhe. Nokho, maqondana umusho bazalwane kwaba njengoba ezinzima cha, futhi iziphathimandla kungagcini ngokwabo ukuba kokuxoshwa kwabo komunye abode. Nokho, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi Isigodlo (St Nicholas Berlyukovsky) kancane kancane aqala ukuncipha. ERussia, amandla wokuziphilisa kuye kwadingeka njalo igunya phezu isonto, yebo, ukuthi uhlala kulo, shi ekukhulekeleni lokuvukela umbuso zezombusazwe, ayikwazanga ukubala ekusekelweni ka isiGungu Esingcwele seSonto.

Ukuqedwa lokuqala sezindela

Isikhundla cloister uye obathuthuka ngesikhathi sokubusa esilandelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1770, lapho Ekaterina II, ngocingo, njengoba yaziwa, lo inkolo nezombusazwe, ukuthi kokulunyulwa emazweni isonto, lezindela eSt Nicholas Berlyukovsky akazange uyekwa, futhi insimu yalo isonto Nicholas wathola isimo kukuliphi isonto.

Kuphela ngemva kweminyaka elithoba, sibonga izicelo eziningi yezakhamuzi zendawo kanye isigungu sabefundisi, ngomthetho YaseMoscow Theological isigungu sabefundisi Monastery (Nicholas Berlyukovsky) waphinde waba amalungelo abo. Nokho, ababekade khulula-ukucabanga umfowabo akubanga yize - Isigodlo wathola isimo ehlane yesifundazwe, ukuthi engalali yi izikhulu zesonto kwanoma iyiphi kuzo ukusekelwa ngezinto ezibonakalayo futhi kufanele ukuba yaba khona kuphela kusuka imithombo yalo. Ngalowo nyaka, ezifana zezindela engabalulekile besifunda-bhishobhi eMoscow, lapho babe yizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili.

Ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi yi Metropolitan Platon

Umphathi we sezindela savuka waqokwa Joasaph indela - indoda hhayi kuphela inkolo, kodwa futhi unalo acumen kwezomnotho kanye ibhizinisi oluvelele. Wakwazi ukuthola ukwethenjwa umholi wesonto oluvelele ngesikhathi Metropolitan Platon (Levshin), wajabulela ukuba nethonya elikhulu ekhotho, futhi, ngenxa yakhe, ukuthola isibusiso, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, izimali ukwakhiwa isonto elisha anikezelwe zintathu Ongcwele. Lapho ukwakha kwathatha, Metropolitan Platon mathupha ngayingcwelisa kuye, futhi mina, negalelo elikhulu kumabhuku yesonto, futhi nezinto ezihlukahlukene.

Ubudala ukwakhiwa asebenzayo we sezindela

Ngemva kokufa Abbot Ioasafa, e-1794, yesigodlo waqhubeka wanda. Kulo lonke ikhulu XIX insimu yalo esakhiwe izakhiwo ahlukahlukene njengoba injongo eyimidanti kwezomnotho. Ngo-1835 kwenzeka ethempelini LikaKristu UMsindisi wabeka, kamuva owaba isikhungo yezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi Izigodlo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo enhle kakhulu Akhiwe 1840. Gate itshe isonto behlonipha Vasiliya Velikogo wamisa ngo 1851, umbhoshongo insimbi, okuyinto wakhuliswa insimbi enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-kwenkulungwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kweminyaka emibili abafowethu yokwahlukaniselwa emisiwe entsha isonto itshe, eyakhelwe iminikelo ka yomthengisi FF Nabilkina.

sezindela abahlukile isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi

I ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XIX kwaphawulwa ukwakhiwa ukwakhiwa ezinkulu kakhulu, okuyinto eyaduma sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia Nicholas Berlyukovskaya ezingwadule. Isigodlo wakwazi ukuthola izindlela namathuba ukuze kwakhiwe omunye omkhulu kunabo bonke endaweni izinsimbi Russian. Lesi sakhiwo, elaklanywa umakhi eMoscow Aleksandra Stepanovicha Kaminskogo, eliyingqayizivele futhi njengenhlangano lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo kanye ngokugqamile ubunjiniyela phrojekthi.

ukuphakama lakhe amamitha ayisishiyagalombili nesishiyagalombili, futhi phezu kwathiwa isipikili ngumuntu cross, master waphonsa Shuvalov ezazenziwe ngethusi obomvu kanye vesivshim amakhilogremu angaphezu kwayisithupha. Zonke ukwakhiwa wenziwa ngeminikelo yokuzithandela futhi abathengisi wedolobha Samoilova Lyapino abazalwane.

Eyesibili Ukuqedwa kwe-Monastery

Ngo-1920, umkhankaso anti-zenkolo ezenziwa iziphathimandla ezintsha, ifinyelele Avdotyino. Nicholas Berlyukovsky sezindela savalwa, iningi izakhiwo zalo ziye zasetshenziswa izidingo ezihlukahlukene yasendlini, futhi yaphenduka esontweni main epherishi. Ngemva kokushikashikeka unyaka wonke, okwandisa umsebenzi ezikhuthaza ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, iziphathimandla uvinjelwe emikhosini yenkolo, kwathi ngo-1922 kwaveza ukuphucwa zezimpahla zenani elikhulu.

Requisitioned zonke izinto zesiliva, kuhlanganise iziqukathi, amaholo kwemifanekiso ezincwadini yesonto, kanye pectoral futhi altare iziphambano. Isikhathi sokugcina le Nowaphezulu esontweni laqedwa ngo-February 1930. Zonke isikhathi, kuze kube nineties zakuqala, izakhiwo sezindela yasetshenziswa izinjongo luyingxenye kwezohwebo.

Ukuvuselelwa Isigodlo

Ekuqaleni ukuvuselelwa Isigodlo kumelwe zibhekwe njengezindawo okungamelwe ekwindla ka-1992, lapho umphakathi ongokwenkolo yasungulwa futhi bhalisiwe e-LikaKristu UMsindisi Cathedral. Nokho, umsebenzi wokubuyisela kwakuthatha isikhathi eside, futhi izimfundiso zokuqala lugujwe kuphela ngo-2004. Lesi senzakalo saphawula ukuqala isikhathi esisha zomlando, esahlanganisa Nikolo Berlyukovsky Monastery. Luhlelo yamasevisi Waphezulu, uvele emnyango wakhe ngemuva kwekhefu elide, kwaba uphawu lokuqala sokuvuselela ezingokomoya ezizayo. Khona-ke umbhoshongo insimbi yesonto futhi ingxenye Insimu sezindela ziye ngokusemthethweni etandleni lelo bandla elalisanda kumiswa.

Isinyathelo esibalulekile ukuvuselelwa Isigodlo kwabe kuyisinqumo esithathwe esiGungwini Esingcwele, bawamukela emhlanganweni Januwari 2006. Ngokusho komyalo wakhe, isonto, esasivutha ngokuyinhloko njengoba kukuliphi, osanda kuguquka ukuze Nicholas Berlyukovsky sezindela. Izithombe sezindela wabuyela kholwa kweminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha, ihlazo, ethulwa esihlokweni. Bona ukuthi babeshaye esikhonkosini.

Umsebenzi waqala ngo-Isigodlo

Phambili ukuba umsebenzi owengeziwe eside okubuyisela sonke ukuthi ukuze okwalapha ibhujisiwe, futhi kakade seluqalile. Ngokushesha ngemva kokunikeza isikhundla sokuba semthethweni esigodlweni sezindela phezulu embhoshongweni insimbi wavuswa pyatnadtsatimetrovaya cupola, isipikili nge esiphambanweni eyayibhalwe. Nalapha bakhanya phezu sezindela uphawu zomhlatshelo kaKristu wokuhlenga.

Ngo-2011, abafowethu sezindela waqhamuka iphrojekthi eyingqayizivele - ". Romanov Hamba Lodumo" ukudalwa Ngokwe abalobi, lokhu kumele afakwe amatshe ezikhumbuzo abameleli lwamakhosi eyabusa eRussia iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu. Namuhla, kulo yesikhumbuzo, wadala njengendlela intela ukuze inkumbulo Romanovs, elamiswa lesikhumbuzo ukuze zokuqala ezine.

I ngokugcwele esimweni futhi isonto amasevisi, ukhangwa kakhulu eminyakeni edlule, izinkulungwane zezihambeli e St Nicholas Monastery Berlyukovsky. Luhlelo kaKristu isonto uMsindisi kukhona ngobubanzi uhambisane isheduli amiselwe iningi amathempeli. Phakathi nezinsuku polunochnitsa, matins namahora ziqala at 6:00 am, Owaphezulu Inkonzo - 8:00, Vespers - at 17:30. Phakathi namaholide, isheduli zingashintsha, kodwa kungatholakala kuwebhusayithi sezindela.

St Nicholas Monastery Berlyukovsky - indlela ukuya kuye?

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abakhi restorers ka wezindela namanje omningi, isivele kungenzeka ukubona inombolo ethize pilgrim ukuza lapha hhayi kuphela eMoscow futhi imizi eyayiseduze kwaleyo, kodwa futhi kusukela ezweni lonke. Sazisa kulabo abafisa ukuvakashela lezindela eSt Nicholas Berlyukovsky, ikheli: Moscow Region, Noginsk District, Avdotyino .. Ungakwazi ukufinyelela kuwo № ibhasi 321 kusukela esiteshini "Shchelkovskaya" ukumisa ku. Avdotyino. Kungenjalo Yaroslavsky isitimela esuka esiteshini eya esiteshini Chkalovskaya, futhi phambili ibhasi efanayo № 321.