I-West Siberian Lowland: izici

Intshonalanga yaseSiberia yaseNtshonalanga inendawo engaba amakhilomitha angama-3 million. Ihlanganisa 1/7 yendawo yonke yaseRussia. Ububanzi bethafa buhluka. Engxenyeni esenyakatho, cishe ngo-800 km, futhi eningizimu ifinyelela ku-1,900 km.

Izindawo

Intshonalanga yaseSiberia yaseNtshonalanga ibhekwa njengengxenye enkulu kakhulu eSiberia. Ensimini yayo kunezindawo eziningana ezinkulu, njenge-Omsk, iTyumen ne-Kurgan, kanye noNovosibirsk noTomsk. Ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwezwe eliphansi kubonakala engxenyeni yalo eningizimu.

Izimo zezulu

Isimo sezulu eziqhingini kuningikazikazikazi, kakhulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yobude obukhulu be-Plain yaseNtshonalanga yeSiberia kusukela enyakatho kuya eningizimu, kunezinto ezihlukile phakathi kwesimo sezulu esenyakatho esivela enyakatho. Inendima enkulu ekubunjweni kwezimo zezulu idlala ngokusondela kwe-Arctic Ocean, kanye nokuthi etafuleni azikho izithiyo ekuhambeni kwezinqwaba zomoya kusukela enyakatho kuya eningizimu nokuhlanganiswa kwazo.

Esikhathini esibandayo, isifunda sokucindezela okukhulu sikholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe eliphansi, kuyilapho esenyakatho kunciphisa. Emkhawulweni we-cyclone ama-air masses akhiwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ezindaweni ezigwini, ebusika kakhulu isimo sezulu esingazinzile. Isivinini somoya singafinyelela ngamamitha angu-40 ngomzuzwana. Ubusika kuwo wonke amapulazini afana nezwe laseNtshonalanga yaseSiberia elibhekene nokushisa okungapheli, izinga elincane lingase lifinyelele -52 ° C. I-Spring ifika isikhathi sekwephuzile futhi ihlukile ngokubandayo nangomile, ukufudumala kwenzeka ngoMeyi kuphela.

Esikhathini esifudumele, isimo siyashintshwa. Phezu kwe-Arctic Ocean, ukucindezela kuphakama, ngenxa yokuthi imimoya yasenyakatho iyaqhuma nini ehlobo. Kodwa bahluleka kakhulu. Isikhathi esishisayo kakhulu emingceleni yethafa, okuthiwa yiNtshonalanga yeSiberia yaseNtshonalanga, ngoJulayi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elisenyakatho lifinyelela ku-21 ° C, futhi engxenyeni eseningizimu - 40 ° C. Amanothi aphezulu eningizimu angachazwa ngokuphelele ukuthi umngcele waseKazakhstan nase-Asia Ephakathi uyadlula. Kusukela lapha lapho kufika imimoya efudumayo yomoya.

Intshonalanga yaseSiberia yaseNtshonalanga, okuphakama kwayo kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-140 kuya ku-250 m, ibonakala ebusika kanye nesilinganiso esincane semvula. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, ama-millimitha angaba ngu-5-20 kuphela aphuma. Okungeke kuthiwe ngenkathi efudumele, lapho ukushisa kwamaphesenti angama-70% ewela emhlabeni.

I-Permafrost ivame kakhulu enyakatho yezilwandle. Umhlaba ukhululeka kuya ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-600.

Imifula

Ngakho-ke, qhathanisa isiqhingi saseNtshonalanga yaseSiberia kanye neCate Plateau Central. Umehluko oqinile ukuthi i-plateau igcwele inani elikhulu lemifula. Kukhona cishe amaxhaphozi lapho. Nokho, kunemifula eminingi ethafeni. Bala inani elingama-2 000. Bonke bobabili ndawonye minyaka yonke baletha oLwandle LwaKara kuze kufike ku-1200 cubic kilometer yamanzi. Kuyamangalisa kakhulu. Phela, enye ikhilomitha eyi-cubic iqukethe amalitha ayi-1,000,000,000,000 (trillion). Iningi lemifula eNtshonalanga Siberia londliwa yi-meltwater noma imvula ehlobo. Iningi lamanzi ligeleza phakathi nenkathi efudumele. Ekuqaleni komthamo, izinga emifuleni liyakwazi ukuphakama ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-15, futhi ebusika banqabile. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokubandayo, ukugijima kungama-10% kuphela.

Imifula yalesi sigaba saseSiberia ibonakala ngokuhamba kancane kwamanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yezindawo eziphansi nezintambo ezincane. Isibonelo, i-Ob yezinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3 iwela ngamamitha angu-90 kuphela. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuvinjelwa kwalo okwamanje akudluli isigamu semitha ngomzuzwana.

Amachibi

Amachibi kulezi zingxenye amakhulu kunemifula. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezulu. Kunezigidi ezingaba yizigidi zazo. Kodwa cishe zonke zazo zinesayizi encane. Ukuqhamuka kwamachibi asendaweni yilapho abaningi babo begcwala ngamanzi anosawoti. Baphinde baphala kakhulu entwasahlobo. Kodwa phezu kwehlobo kunganciphisa kakhulu ngobukhulu, futhi ngekwindla futhi kuphele ngokuphelele. Esikhathini sokugcina, ngenxa yezidumbu, amachibi agcwele amanzi futhi, amaqhwa ebusika futhi umjikelezo uphinda. Lokhu akusiyo yonke imizimba yamanzi, kodwa ngezinye okuthiwa "amachibi" ahlala ensimini yale ndawo ephansi - iThafeni laseNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Iphinde iboniswe uhlobo oluthile lwamachibi. Bahlala emagqumeni emvelo, ahlukene, amathanga ahlukahlukene kanye nemigodi.

Ama-marshes

Esinye isici seWestern Siberia ukuthi lishaya wonke amarekhodi ngenani lamanzi. Kungaphakathi kwemingcele yalesi siqhingi lapho amaxhaphozi aseVasyugan asakazeka khona , okubhekwa njengenye yezinkulu emhlabeni wonke. Ukwandiswa kwamanzi ngamanzi kubangelwa inani elikhulu le-peat ezweni. Into ekwazi ukugcina amanzi amaningi, ngenxa yalokhu, futhi kukhona "izindawo ezifile". Ibuye ihlinzekwe ngokubunjwa kwama-moors ngokwawo. Amathafa ngaphandle kokuvuvukala awamvumeli amanzi ukuba adle, futhi ahlala ehleli, egeza futhi elula umhlaba.

Izindawo Zemvelo

Ngenxa yokuthi iNtshonalanga yeSiberia isolwe kusukela enyakatho kuya eningizimu, ukuguquka kwezindawo zemvelo kubonakala kuyo . Bashintshwa endaweni ye-tundra enyakatho kuya emahlane kanye nasehlane eliphansi. Ingxenye yezwe eliphansi lihlala endaweni ye-tundra, echazwa yisimo esiphakeme esisenyakatho sendawo yonke ethafeni. Iningizimu ye-tundra iba kancane ibe yi-forest-tundra, bese ifika endaweni yamahlathi. Lezi zindawo zithatha indawo engama-60% yendawo yonke yaseWestern Siberia.

Ushintsho oluthile olubi kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlala emaqeleni. Okuvamile kakhulu lapha yi-birch, kanye ne-aspen. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisedari yaseSiberia iyatholakala . Indawo ehlwanyelwe isiteji isendaweni eseningizimu esethafeni. Intshonalanga yaseSiberia yaseNtshonalanga, enezindawo ezihlobene ngokuqondile nokusatshalaliswa kwezindawo, ibuye ibe nemibandela emihle yamahlumela e-pine asezindaweni eziphansi ze-sandy.

Isifunda sicebile kubamele bezilwane. Isibonelo, kunezinhlobo ezingu-99 zezilwane ezincelisayo. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izilwane ezithwele izinwele, njenge-fox e-arctic, i-weasel nomhlabathi. Kunezilwane ezinkulu - amabhere kanye ne-lynx. Futhi kulezi zingxenye zihlala izinyoni eziningi. Kulezi zikhungo kukhona ama-peregrine falcons, ama-hawks kanye nama-eagles egolide. Kunezinyoni ezibalwe eNcwadini Ebomvu. Isibonelo, isihogo esimnyama noma ukhozi omhlophe.

Imithombo yamaminerali

Qhathanisa indawo yezwe laseNtshonalanga yaseSiberia nganoma yimuphi omunye, futhi kucacile ukuthi ku-plain ichazwe ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha okungu-70% kugxilwe. Ithafa libuye licebe emalahle. Ingqikithi yomhlaba ocebile kulezi zinsiza kulinganiselwa kumamitha ayizigidi ezigidini ezimbili. I-Km. Imbonini yehlathi ibuye ithuthukiswe kahle. Inzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke inikezwa ngamayini amalahle aseZizbass.

I-Plateau yase-Central Siberia

Uma kuqhathaniswa neNtshonalanga yaseSiberia yaseNtshonalanga, ipulazi laseSiberia laseNtshonalanga alizange liphotshwe ngenxa yokuthi lisendaweni ephakanyisiwe. Kodwa-ke, uhlelo lomfula lukhulu kakhulu, oluthola futhi iqhwa leqhwa. I-Permafrost iyabonakala yonke indawo. Isimo sezulu esiqhingini sinezwekazi eliqinile, ngenxa yokuthi, njengaseNtshonalanga yaseSiberia, kunezinhlobo ezinkulu zokushisa ebusika. Isilinganiso enyakatho sifinyelela -44 ° C, futhi eningizimu -22 ° C. Lokhu kujwayelekile esikhathini sehlobo. Esigodini saseNingizimu Siberia kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningana zezilwane, kodwa kunezibhebhe, ama-reindeer nama-hares. I-plateau, njenge-Western Siberia, icebile emaqenjini amafutha nogesi. Kulokhu kunezelwa ama-ore ahlukahlukene kanye nosawoti oqoshiwe.