UVasily Grossman: impilo nokuphelela

Lapho isazi samakhemikhali esincane esenquma ukushiya umsebenzi wakhe wasemhlabeni futhi sinikele impilo yakhe ezincwadini. Wabuye wabhala. Waqala ngeMpi Yombango, wafika e-Battle of Stalingrad. Kodwa inkaba mayelana nokunqoba okukhulu kuVolga yayifundwa kuphela emagodini aseLubyanka. UVasily Grossman ungumlobi, intatheli, umbhali wezempi. Incwadi yokuphila kwayo yonke yashicilelwa eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu emva kokufa kwakhe.

Impi empilweni kaGrossman

Kusukela impi yaqala, kuphela ngaye owabhala uVasily Grossman. I-biography yakhe iqala kusukela esemncane edolobhaneni elincane esifundeni saseVinnytsia, lapho umfana ovela emndenini ohlakaniphile wamaJuda ayebizwa ngokuthi u-Joseph, kodwa uVasya. Leli gama lalinganiselwe kuye futhi laba yingxenye yombhalo wokuziloba.

Kusukela esemncane wayethanda ukubhala. Esebenza e-Donbass, wabhala amanothi wephephandaba lendawo. Amasampula wokuqala epeni azinikezelwe kwabakhileyo emphakathini wezimayini. Umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wencwadi ethi "Life and Fate" wayeneminyaka engamashumi amabili nantathu lapho ekugcineni ekhetha ukuxhumanisa impilo yakhe ngokubhala. Futhi eminyakeni emithathu kamuva iMpi Enkulu yePatriotic yaqala, futhi uVasily Grossman wabona izenzakalo ezimbi kakhulu emlandweni wesintu. Kuze kube yilapho izinsuku zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe ephila ngalezi zenzakalo futhi azibonise ezincwadini zakhe.

Ukuzinikezela komama

Umlilo, ukungaphumeleli, izintambo zothuli kanye negazi labalimala - lo Grossman waziwa ngokwakhe. Umlobi wezempi, wadabula empini kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni. Wabhala imibhalo, izindaba zasemasimini ezempi futhi akazange azamaze phambili. Futhi endaweni ethile kude, ku-ghetto yamaJuda, unina wafa. Njengomlingiswa owadala, uVasily Grossman wabhala izincwadi zakhe uma engasaphila.

Encwadini, amanani abantu abahlukene ahlangene. Ngayinye yazo iyingozi ngendlela yayo. Abanye bafela ezandleni ze-SS chasseurs, abanye - empini. Kodwa kunamanye. Ukufa kwabo kulandela ukufa kwabathandekayo. UmkaStrum emva kokushona kwengane yakhe uhamba, uphefumula futhi ukhuluma, kodwa uyaqaphela ukuthi akasiyo. Futhi akakwazi ukwenza lutho ngoba unezinhlungu zakhe. Ubuhlungu bokulahlekelwa ngumama abuyena umgomo omkhulu emsebenzini, kodwa nguye owazinikela incwadi kuVasily Grossman.

Indlu "ingxenye eyodwa yesithupha"

Indlu e-Penza Street yaba yimbangela yenkomba encwadini ethi "Life and Fate". Isibonakaliso sobuqhawe besosha laseRussia saba phansi emlandweni njengesakhiwo, ukuthunjwa kwabulawa amasosha aseJalimane ngaphezu kokusebenza eParis. Indlu evelele uPavvava Grossman ubonisa encwadini yakhe. Kodwa umlobi akaqapheli kuphela ubuqhawe nesibindi sabalingiswa bakhe, kodwa futhi nenjabulo, elula, ebantwini. Ngenhlanhla, okungavela ngisho nasezintabeni zaseStalingrad, esikhathini sokugcina sokuphila.

Ukuphila nokuphela ngemva kwempi

Kwakuyinhloko yezempi eminyakeni yempi emva kokulwa ukuthi uVasily Grossman wazinikela emsebenzini wakhe. Ukubuyekezwa kwalokhu okusebenza ngabahlaziyi baseSoviet kwakungalungile. Amakomiti abone ezincwadini ze-Anti-Soviet. Lapho umbhali weveli "Life and Fate" efa, wayengakafiki amashumi ayisithupha. Mhlawumbe wayezophila isikhathi eside uma ekwazi ukushicilela inkaba lapho ebeka khona umphefumulo wakhe wonke.

Emsebenzini wakhe oyinhloko, uGrossman akazange agweme isihloko sekamu, lapho iziboshwa zaziyizigebengu zezombusazwe. Ukuboshwa okungenabulungisa nokucutshungulwa ngesihluku kwenziwa yizikhulu zokuphepha zikahulumeni ngisho nalapho isitha sisekupheleni kweMoscow. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - le ncwadi iqukethe ukungafani okungabonakali phakathi kukaStalin noHitler.

Kamuva ukugxeka okunjalo okusobala efini lobuciko kwakungathethelelwa ku-Grossman. Umbhalo wesandla wathathwa. Futhi ngo-1980 kuphela, ngendlela engakaze ibe khona, yafika phesheya, lapho ishicilelwe khona.

"Isihogo somlilo"

UVasily Grossman waphila iminyaka engu-19 emva kokuphela kwempi. Yonke imisebenzi yalesi sikhathi yayiyi-echoes yalokho okwakusaphila futhi kubonwe ema-forties. Endabeni ethi "Isihogo se-Treblinsky", umbhali uzama ukuthola impendulo yemibandela yokuthi kungani u-Himmler eyala ngo-1943 ngokushesha ukubhubhisa izigqila ezingaphezu kwamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili "ekamu lokufa". Ukuhlukunyezwa okunjalo okungaqondakali akuzange kuncike kunoma yikuphi ukucabanga. Ngisho nencazelo ye-Reichsfuehrer SS. Umbhali wenanothi wacabanga ukuthi lezi zenzo zaba yisenzo sokunqoba kwe-Red Army eStalingrad. Ngokusobala, phezulu waqala ukucabanga ngemiphumela eseduze nokujeziswa okuzayo. Kwakudingeka ukubhubhisa imidwebo yobugebengu.

UVasily Grossman washona eMoscow ngo-1965. Ekhaya, umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuphila kwakhe washicilelwa ngo-1988. Sekwephuzile kakhulu. Kodwa kakhulu ngaphambi kukaMnuSuslov wabikezela lo mcimbi. I-Soviet ideologist, ezwa ngalesi sakhiwo, yathi: "Incwadi enjalo inganyatheliswa eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili, hhayi ngaphambili."