I-Limerick yi ... Limerick: incazelo, ifomu, izici, umlando nabalobi abadumile

Kuye kwaziwa isikhathi eside ukuthi konke okungewona izinkondlo kungabizwa ngokuthi i-prose. Kodwa isiphetho esihlukile siyiqiniso: konke okungeyona i-prose yinkondlo. Ungathola izinkondlo zazo zonke izintandokazi: eside noma ezincane, ezidabukisayo noma ezijabulisayo, ezinhle noma ezimbi (nakuba lesi simemezelo sizithoba kakhulu), mayelana nothando, mayelana nempi, mayelana nokulahleka. Kodwa manje sizokhuluma nge-chastushki yama-Celtic emifushane futhi ejabulisayo, uma ingabizwa kanjalo.

Incazelo

I-Limerick ifomu lezinkondlo ezavela phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye e-Ireland futhi libizwa ngegama laseLimerick. Kukhona omunye umlando wokuthi i-Limerick ibizwa ngokuthi ivesi eliphindaphindiwe noma i-chorus ezindingweni zamajoni ase-Irish. Yesihlanu esinezinto ezingenangqondo, ezingezansi noma ezihlambalazayo. Lezi zinkondlo ezinemibala ekuqaleni kwakuwumkhiqizo wobuciko bendabuko futhi zasiza ekukhanyiseni impilo yabasebenza kanzima baseNgilandi nase-Irish. Umlando weLimerick uhola umhloli wamaBritish Isles waya ezwekazini laseYurophu, eFrance. Yilapho lapho amasosha, efisa izwe lakubo, ehlabelela izingoma zawo futhi lokhu kukhunjulwa ngabamaFulentshi abathandekayo.

Umlando

Ngaphandle kwenguqulo esemthethweni, kunezinkulumo eziningi ezingezibi nakakhulu ukuthi zithola i-flair elula yokungathembeki phakathi kwababhali-mlando. Ngakho-ke, abanye abalandisa bathi i-Limerick (i-chastushki yesi-Irish) yayikho ngisho nasezikhathi zezwe lasendulo, njengoba kukhona ubufakazi emidlalweni ye-Aristophanes. I- British Museum ibamba amarekhodi ezinkondlo ezifanayo kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nane. Zitholakala emisebenzini yeShakespeare enkulu, kodwa ikakhulukazi kulezo zikhathi ezichaza ubuciko bomuntu.

Inguqulo evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthi i-Limerick yidalwa leLangford Reed, ongakaqoqanga kuphela ama-ditties, awashicilela, kodwa futhi wabhala ngesikhathi sokuzilibazisa. Leyo mbono iyafakazela ukuthi leli fomu lezinkondlo akufanele lilandwe, njengezinkondlo ezivamile, kodwa lihlabelelwe. Futhi kubalulekile ukugcina ukuvimba ekugcineni kwevesi ngalinye: "Ingabe uzobuyela eLimerick?"

Isakhiwo

I-Limerick njengehlobo lwezinkondlo zesiNgisi zendabuko inesimo esinzima kakhulu. Lekhwalithi ayifani nezezinkondlo ezijwayelekile zabantu. Usayizi olawulwa ngokuqinile, indlela yokuhlelwa kwemigqa, inani lemigqa kwesinye isigaba. Uma okungenani into eyodwa ayitholakali, akusiyona i-limerick, kodwa enye into.

Leli vesi linemigqa emihlanu, lapho okuqala kuhlanganiswa khona okwesibili nokugcina, kanti okwesithathu neyesine. Njenganoma imuphi umlando omfushane, ukuzijwayeza kokuqala nomlingisi: umbhali ubonisa igama lakhe futhi ubiza idolobha lomuzi. Imigqa emithathu elandelayo kufanele ilandise ngecala lokuzibuza elivela empilweni yalo muntu, kanti elesihlanu likhombisa ukusabela komphakathi kulo mcimbi. Ku-limerick ye-canonical, imigqa yokuqala nokugcina kufanele iphele ngendlela efanayo.

A ambalwa nuances technical

Ungabhala kanjani i-Limerick? Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yimaphi ama-rhyme size kanye nokuthi angasetshenziswa kanjani ifomu elithile. Kodwa okokuqala, ake sibheke ukuhleleka. Ngakho:

1. Ubukhulu be-monosyllabic, noma i-brachycolon, bubonakala ukuthi ezinyaweni zonke (iqembu lama-syllables anokucindezeleka okukodwa) kunegama eliqukethe isilawuli esisodwa esisodwa.
2. Ubukhulu obukhulu obubili:
   - I-Horay - ukucindezeleka ku-syllable yokuqala ezinyaweni. Emgqeni, ngokuvamile ukushaywa kuyoba yizilinganiso ezingavamile (kuqala, okwesithathu, kwesihlanu).
   - Iamb - ukucindezeleka kufakwa kwi-syllable yokugcina ezinyaweni, futhi ama-syllables ahlangene (wesibini, wesine, wesithupha) abhekwa njengokushaqeka.
3. Ubukhulu be-syllable ubukhulu:
   - Anapaest - ukumisa kunama-syllables amabili angagqozi kanye nomunye owodwa. Isibonelo ngumsebenzi we-AA Blok.
   - Amfibrachy - unyawo lwesithathu lwama-syllable luqukethe i-syllable egxilile phakathi. Kuvame ukutholakala emisebenzini ye-Nekrasov.
   - I-Dactyl iyindlela yasendulo yokuhlelwa kwemilolo, unyawo lunezinsuku zokuqala (ukushaqeka) nezinhlamvu ezimbili ezincane (ezingagxilile). Wakhetha uMnu Yu Lermontov.

Usayizi we-limerick

Manje, ngokwazi ubukhulu obuyisisekelo obusetshenziselwa izinkondlo, singasho ukuthi i-limerick iyindima enemilenze emithathu. Kodwa akuyona yonke imigqa yakhe efanayo esifushane.

Ngemigqa yokuqala neyesibili, kanye neyesihlanu, ungathatha i-apest, ngakho-ke umugqa wesithathu nesine udinga ukusebenzisa i-amphibrachium. Futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Lokhu kusiza ukuthola ukuhlelwa komculo nomculo, lula ukukhumbula ngekhanda. Ukwenza lokho ku-Limerick kubhalwe kuwo wonke ama-canon kunzima kakhulu. Ngisho akucaci ukuthi kungani imitha enzima kangaka nemibhalo emikhulu ngokubhala yayithandwa eBrithani. Kodwa ngokusobala, isimo sengqondo, isimo sezulu esinzima kanye nenani elikhulu lesikhathi samahhala ezinyangeni zasebusika okwenze ucabange ukuthi ukuzijabulisa kujabulise kakhulu.

Abalobi abadumile

Ubudumo phakathi kwabalobi baseLimerick ngokungangabazeki u-Edward Lear. Waqoqa izinkolelo kuzo zonke izingxenye zaseNgilandi nase-Ireland, washicilela izincwadi eziningana ngeLimerick, futhi waba nempumelelo emangalisayo. Iqoqo lokuqala liye lalinganisa izimpendulo ezintathu, lihunyushwe ngezilimi eziningi zomhlaba. Amavesi afanayo uLir ngokwakhe awakhiqiza, athatha incazelo efihliwe ejulile, afinyelele kumbuthano omncane wabafundi abajwayele i-biography yomlobi.

Ngezikhathi ezahlukene, i-limericks yabhala u-Lewis Carroll, u-Wendy Cope, nangaphandle kwe-United Kingdom kakade ngasekupheleni kwemashumi amabili-ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka leli fomu laqala ukusakazeka esikhaleni senethiwekhi.

Ukuhumusha

Ukuchaza okucacile kwe-limerick, okuheha umlaleli, kuyaqondakala kuphela esikhulumi sendawo. Ukuhumusha, ukugcina isakhiwo, ubukhulu kanye nencazelo, kanye nokucasula, - umsebenzi ongenakwenzeka. Ngokuvamile abalobi basebenzisa imidlalo yamagama kanye ne-jargon, engenazo izilinganiso. Ngakho-ke, umhumushi kudingeka asebenzise wonke amakhono akhe ukuze aphinde avuselele i-limerick yokuqala ye-canonical, noma, ngokwazi incazelo equkethwe kuwo, bhala okusha, njengoba besho, ngaphandle kweze. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukugcina ukuma nobukhulu, ngoba ngaphandle kwalokhu, leli vesi lizophenduka ize, futhi lihleleke kahle.

I-Limerick iyindlela ejwayelekile yaseBrithani yokuziveza, ukubeka imicabango yakho ngendlela ehlekisayo, ukuze kungabikho muntu ongacabangela ukuthi bangakanani ngempela. Kunzima kubafokazi ukuqonda leli qhinga, nokuliqonda ekupheleleni, kubalulekile ukuzalwa ngesiNgisi noma ngokugcwele ngokuphila, amasiko kanye nesiko samaNgisi. Okusho ukuthi, phila ku-Foggy Albion iminyaka engaba ngu-40, kungenjalo.

Ezincwadini zanamuhla zaseRashiya, futhi, kunezibonelo ezinhle zokuhlanganiswa kwe-limerikov. Lokhu, kusho, iqhawe likaBoris Akunin - Nicholas Fandorin, owayengumRussia ngokuzalwa ngesiJalimane, kodwa ongumNgisi endleleni yokucabanga, ukukhulisa kanye namasiko. Wakha amavesi amancane, abonisa isimo sakhe sengqondo kulokhu noma leso senzakalo empilweni yakhe. Umlobi wakwazi ukuthola ukucaca okumangalisayo komsindo, ukuma nesayizi.