UKenneth Graham: inhlekelele nokufeza

Umlobi waseNgilandi uKenneth Graham wasebenzisa isikhathi esiningi sokusebenza kwakhe njengomsebenzi wasebhange, ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula wayemthanda izindaba zokubhala kanye nezindabakwane. Wanyathelisa izincwadi eziningana ngaphambi komsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko "Umoya EWillows" uvele, okwenze ukuthi udumo lomlobi udume.

Iminyaka yobudala

UKenneth Graham (1859-1932) wazalwa enhloko - dolobha yeScotland, idolobha lase-Edinburgh. Ngokushesha ubaba wakhe wanikelwa u-Argyll, futhi umndeni wathuthela eNtshonalanga YaseScotland. UKennen wayengeneminyaka emihlanu ubudala lapho unina efa. Ngemva kokulahlekelwa, uyise kaKennen waba umlutha wotshwala, futhi yena kanye nabafowabo nodadewabo bathathwa nogogo wakhe.

UGraham waphumelela ngokuphumelelayo e-Oxford, kodwa akakwazanga ukuqhubeka izifundo zakhe eyunivesithi. Umgcini wakhe (umalumekazi womdabu) akazange afune ukunikeza izimali zokuqeqesha. Kunalokho, wahlela umlobi wesikhathi esizayo eBhange laseNgilandi njengomabhalane omncane. UKenneth Graham, isithombe sakhe esisehlokweni, wasebenza njengesisebenzi sebhange iminyaka engaba ngu-30, kuze kufike ngo-1907.

Ukuqala komsebenzi wokubhala

Ngemva kokuthatha umsebenzi ebhange, uGraham wathuthela eLondon. Eminyakeni yokuqala wayekhuluma ngenkuthalo emibuthanweni yencwadi eyinhloko. Ngokushesha waqala ukubhala izinkulumo ezincane futhi washicilela ezincwadini zendawo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, wabhala izindaba eziningana ngezingane eziyizintandane, ezanyatheliswa njengengxenye yeqoqo elithi "Iminyaka Yegolide" kanye ne "Days of Dreams". Namhlanje lezi zincwadi aziwa kancane, zacishwa ngenkazimulo yencwadi ethi Wind in the Willows. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1941 Disney wadedela ifilimu yemidwebo ngokusekelwe enkulumweni yakhe mayelana nodrako onobuhle kusukela ku-Dream Days iqoqo.

Ukuphila komndeni

Ukubhala ithalenta akuletha injabulo kubo bonke. UKenneth Graham, obhekene nobunzima obubi kakhulu, uyazi lokhu kangcono kunabanye. Ngo-1897 wahlangana no-Elspeth Thompson, eminyakeni emibili kamuva wamshada. Ngokushesha babenomntwana u-Alistair. Umfana wayephuphuthekisa iso futhi wayebuthaka kakhulu empilweni. Abazali banakekelwa ngaphezu kwengane, ngenxa yalokho esaba nokwesaba.

Ngo-1920, u-Alistair Graham wazibulala, waziphonsa ngaphansi kwesitimela. Lokhu kwaba ukulahlekelwa okungenakuqhathaniswa kukaKennen nomkakhe. Phakathi kwabo nangaphambi kokuba kube khona ukuhlangana okukhethekile. Futhi ukufa kwendodana eyodwa yedwa kwabahlukanisa ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kokufa kuka-Alistair, uGraham akasabhala.

Umoya Emgodini

Incwadi, eyaletha udumo lomlobi wezwe, yabhalwa u-Alister omncane. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana uKenneth Graham wabhala izindaba mayelana nokuzijabulisa kukaMnu. Toud (udoti), uMole, uBabger. Lapho izindaba ziqongelelwe okuningi, umbhali wazihlanganisa nabo encwadini "Wind in the Willows". Yanyatheliswa ngo-1908.

Amageyimu wezinganekwane "Wind in the Willows" ziyizinhlamvu ezinhlanu:

• Uncle Rat kuyinto rat yamanzi. Uhlala ebhange lomfula futhi encwadini isibonelo sokwethembeka. Ekuqaleni kwencwadi, uzimisele kakhulu, uthanda ukuthula, kodwa kamuva, ukuthambekela kokucabanga kuvula kuye.
• UMnu Mole ubonakala ehluke ngokuphelele kuMalume Rat. Isibindi sakhe sinqamula ukunganaki, nomusa nge naivety, uvulekile konke okusha futhi uthanda adventure.
• UMnu Toud (Ukhukhumezi) uyindoda ecebile eyaziqhenya. Ezahlukweni zokuqala zencwadi uyaphenduka ngobuwula bakhe, ubuqili nokuhlambalaza. Ekupheleni kwencwadi, ivulela umfundi ngakolunye uhlangothi. Kuvela ukuthi unomusa futhi unekhono ekujuleni komphefumulo wakhe.
• UMnu. Badger - njengoMalume Rat, unikeza umbono womlingiswa ohlakaniphile nesibindi, kodwa ukuqina kwakhe kanye nokuzikhukhumeza kwamanye amahora, kunalokho, kuncike kunokudonsela.
• Uncle Otter.

Ngokuvamile, incwadi ethi "Wind in the Willows" ingoma yemvelo, amazwe asezindaweni zasendaweni kanye nokuhamba okude. Kancane kancane ithuthukisa le ndaba, uKenneth Graham ufundisa ukubona okuhle ezintweni ezijwayelekile, ukujabula ngaso sonke isikhathi sonyaka. Imvelo, ngokombono womlobi, ingaba uthisha omuhle kakhulu. Wonke amaqhawe athola isifundo sakhe siqu ekupheleni kwencwadi futhi ahlakaniphe. Kodwa le ncwadi akuyona nje inganekwane yezingane. Ngaphansi kwezilwane, abameleli bomphakathi waseNgilandi ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-19 nelama-20 baboniswa ezindabeni.