Inkondlo "I-Odyssey." Isifinyeto esifushane sezinto ezinhle ezichazwe nguHomer

I-Odyssey iyinkondlo yezinganekwane, ezenzeka emazweni omlingo ngamaqhawe nezilo, lapho u-Odysseus eyaduka khona, futhi embusweni wakhe omncane e-Ithaca, lapho uPenelope (umkakhe) noTelemach (indodana) bemlindele khona.

Uqala indaba ephathelene nentando kaZeus. On iseluleko onkulunkulu Athena ngaphambi Zeus ivikela Odysseus. Isishwankathelo senkondlo sitshela ukuthi wayekhona ngaleso sikhathi ekuthunjweni okuvuthayo uCalypso kanye nokuhlupheka kwakhe ngesifiso sokubona izidumbu zakhe. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, embusweni wakhe usufile kakade, futhi umkakhe uPenelope izicukuthwane baphoqeleka ukuthola indoda entsha kanye nesiqhingi senkosi. Ngendlovukazi e-Ithaca yindodana yakhe iTelemachus, kodwa usemusha, ngakho akekho owamthatha ngokungathí sina.

U-Athena ubonakale enkosini ngomfanekiso ka-Odysseus 'umngane ojikelezayo. Isifinyezo esifushane salezi zikhangiso sitshela ngocingo lendodana yakhe ukufuna uyise, okuyinto abaphathi bePenelope abangabaphikisa. I-Telemachus engenakuqondakala ingena emkhunjini futhi iya kuqala ku-Nestor ePylos. Kwakukhona ukuthi umdala we-decrepit wayengazi lutho ngekusasa lika-Odysseus. Isikhulu siya ku-Elena noMene eSparta, lapho efunda khona ukuthi uyise uphila futhi uhlupheka esiqhingini saseCalypso. Ngezindaba ezijabulisayo uTelemach wayezobuyela e-Ithaca, kodwa lapha indaba ephazamisekile yiHomer. "I-Odyssey" iyaqhubeka nezindaba zomlingisi oyinhloko.

U-Athena wakwazi ukusiza - ngokusho kwe-Zeus Hermes eya eCalypso ogwini, i-Odysseus ikhishwa esiqhingini. Ukhawuleza wakha i-raft futhi ugcina indlela yakhe eya e-Ithaca. U-Poseidon (inkosi yezilwandle), uthukuthelele u-Odysseus ngoba wazama ukuphuphuthekisa indodana yakhe uPolphemus (Cyclops), washaya ithuluzi lokubhukuda elingenakuzithoba ukuze alibheke. Kodwa u-Athena uphinde usindise leli qhawe, amsize ukuba afinyelele ophilayo ogwini. I-Odyssey iholela ekuphileni kwenceku kaPrincess Sterhia Navsikai, ombonisa indlela eya enhloko-dolobha.

Lapho efika esigodlweni, i-protagonist yenkondlo idumisa umbusi we-phalanx u-Alkino nomkakhe u-Areta, baze bamsiza ukuba abuyele ezweni lakubo. Inkosi icela ukutshela ngokuhlangenwe nakho kuka-Odysseus. Ukufingqa kohambo lwakhe kufaka hlangana indaba ehlangeneko neendlovukazi ezinengi nabantu abangekako, mayelana nama-kikoni obhekene nokuphindiselela kwawo, mayelana ne-lotophages enikezwa izitsha ezenza ukhohlwe ngomhlaba wakho wezwe, mayelana ne-cyclops, mayelana ne-wind of Eole, mayelana nama-cannibals, ngo-Kirk, Isiphuzo sobuciko siphenduka sibe ngabantu besilwane. Ukuqhubeka kwe-Odysseus kusatshela okuningi mayelana nezimpumputhe ezihlala emaphethelweni eShadows, mayelana nabasolwandle abahlabelelayo behlabelela iSirens, mayelana nesilwane esivela olwandle lwaseScylla neChariebde - i-whirlpool esabekayo, mayelana nezinkomo ze-Sun, mayelana ne-calypso nymph. Ukulandisa kwaqeda cishe kuze kube ngakusasa ekuseni.

Ikhaya elithunyelwe nguHomer Odyssey, linikezwe abaphangi ngokukhululekile, befika emkhunjini osheshayo. Ngakho inkosi yase-Ithaca ibuyele ezweni lakubo, elingakabonanga iminyaka engaba ngu-20. Kodwa lapha u-Odysseus ulele esilindele ingozi - abajaji abangenangqondo bahlela ukumbulala. Ngosizo lwe-Athena ne-Telemachus, unqobe zonke izithiyo futhi uhlangana nomkakhe. E-Ithaca, ukuthula nomusa kubuyiselwa.

I-Odyssey enhle kakhulu ihlasela ngesakhiwo sayo, umoya nomoya. Isishwankathelo sikhumbuza indaba ethandanayo kunokuqamba amaqhawe. Iqhawe eliyinhloko lenza izinto ezingekho empini, kepha phakathi kwezilwane kanye nezihlakaniphi, ngakho ukuhlakanipha nobuhlakani kuye kubaluleke kakhulu njengobungqabavu namandla. U-Penelope, umka-Odysseus, ubonisa ukukhuthazela ngobuqhawe emzabalazweni wothando lwakhe nobuqotho bakhe. Indodana kaMamenkin iTelemachus ikhula kuze kube sekugcineni komlando. Onkulunkulu be-Odyssey banokuthula futhi behloniphekile, i-Athena inhle kakhulu. Isiphetho senkondlo sigcwele ukunqoba kobulungiswa.