Inqubo sokugembula - kuba ... inqubo sokugembula emzimbeni: definition, izigaba kanye nezici

Impilo - i value esibalulekile sokuphila. ngiyabonga kuphela ngokugcwele ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo inhlalakahle umuntu ukugcwalisa izifiso zawo, ukuze sijabule ngempela, ukuzwa injabulo ukuxhumana nezwe. Ngeshwa, akuhlali e impilo evamile. It siya siba sibi kakhulu ngenxa izinqubo sokugembula ezenzeka emzimbeni.

efunda okwakubhalwe kulowo mbhalo eside

inqubo sokugembula - ke kwenzeka ngokwemvelo emzimbeni womuntu ukulandelana basabela ngezindlela ezingafani ukuthi azibonakali ngesimo obusebenzayo, umzimba kanye kwezinso morphologic. Zivela impendulo imiphumela elimazayo wesici pathogenic.

izinqubo sokugembula zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: wendawo (kuba esivela ukuxhumana ngqo izicubu isici pathogenic) futhi generalized (zenzeka emzimbeni womuntu kungakhathaliseki lwegciwane ukuchayeka zone). intuthuko wakamuva ngokuhambisana nezigaba ezintathu:

• ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuqala endaweni lwegciwane inoculation ke ingena phakathi umzimba womuntu;
• ngesikhathi sesigaba of isici pathogenic yesibili ugxilisa ezicutshini futhi izitho;
• ngesikhathi isigaba sesithathu, ngokuthi toksikodinamicheskoy ukuthuthukisa ukungasebenzi kwezitho nezicubu zomzimba womuntu.

Izimpawu izinqubo sokugembula

Ukusabela, okwenzeka ekuphenduleni ithonya yimuphi isici futhi okubangela ukuphazamiseka ukugeleza zokuphila izinqubo, anezici ezithile. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• yizinhlobonhlobo;
• autochthonous;
• ngemibono.

iqoqo izinqubo noma inqubo ethize sokugembula - yilokhu kusenhliziyweni ka ngokuphelele yisiphi isifo. Ngakho-ke akuyona maqondana izimpendulo usebenzisa isici ezifana ezihlukahlukene zokusisebenzisa. Enye izinqubo sokugembula libhekene autochthonous. Le nkulumo ibhekisela ikhono ukuthuthukisa inqubo sokugembula kungakhathaliseki isici causative izenzo. Futhi esetshenziswa isici ezifana stereotypical. Kusho ukuthi inqubo sokugembula ubonisa izici ezithile. Abanaso ukushintsha ngenxa izimbangela inqubo, noma esikhundleni indawo yayo.

Ngokungafani inqubo sokugembula yesifo

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi baphikisana imigomo "isifo" futhi "inqubo sokugembula". Lokhu empeleni akunjalo. Nazi umehluko oyinhloko phakathi imiqondo:

1. Lesi sifo eba ngenxa yezizathu ezithile. Lena akuyona nobuntu inqubo sokugembula. It kungadalwa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene.
2. Ngo isifo womuntu kunciphisa nezimo umzimba kanye operability liwohloka. Ukuze inqubo sokugembula kungenziwa libhekene lezi zinguquko.
3. Lesi sifo ngokuvamile elinesimo iqoqo izinqubo ezahlukene sokugembula.
4. inqubo sokugembula kungavuka izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sithombe emitholampilo ye isifo ziyahlukahluka.

Isinyathelo esingokwemvelo inqubo sokugembula

Kunoma yikuphi umuntu njalo ehlaselwe izici pathogenic ahlukahlukene kwemvelo (begazi, ngokomzimba, nokunye. D.). Ezinye zazo neutralized amabutho okuvikela umzimba. Labo izici, okungakwazi lunganqotshwa, okubangela inqubo sokugembula.

Ukusabela Umzimba inchubekelembili esingokwemvelo, banjalo okunemibandela inqubo sokugembula isinyathelo esilandelayo:

• ukubukeka;
• ukuthuthukiswa;
• umphumela.

Isigaba sokuqala

Livela yanoma yimuphi ukuphendula somzimba ngenxa ukuchayeka umfutho ethile. Ukubukeka umuntu esolwa izimpawu kuncike ezicini ezilandelayo:

• nomthelela namandla;
• nobuningi kanye nesikhathi isenzo emnandi;
• impendulo eyodwa yomzimba womuntu.

inqubo sokugembula - lokhu kuyinto usungaqala emzimbeni womuntu ngenxa ingress kwamagciwane noma isenzo mechanical amandla amakhulu. Nokho, ithonya iqembu yezici iyona evame kakhulu uyalandelwa.

Eyesibili esiteji

Njalo inqubo sokugembula has imininingwane sawo inchubekelembili. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, kungenzeka ukuhlonza izimiso esivumelana ngalo esingakhela ukuthuthukiswa senzeka:

1. imibuthano ezinesihluku lapho isikhulile. Lesi simiso kusho ukuthi inqubo isifo inqanyulwa. Nokho, umphumela kabusha oyenza noma ithuthukisa omunye amayunithi esandulele. Ngenxa yale nqubo sokugembula iqala futhi iphindwa nje emjikelezweni kungaqali evulekile.
2. -Daylight ukusabela ukuvikela pathogenic. Ezinye izindlela sanogenetic kukhona ibe usongo olukhulu emzimbeni. Ngokwesibonelo, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sivikela ngabanye ngokumelene nezilwanyana ezincane pathogenic. Nokho, kwezinye izimo, amasosha omzimba iqala ukuba baphikise amaseli ayo nezicubu (inqubo sokugembula enjalo kwenzeka abanomzimba ongezwani nezinto ezithile, izinqubo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba).
3. Sokugembula evelele. Ngaphambi wokufunda lesi simiso, kubalulekile ukuba sichaze amazwi athi "Ngokwendlela umzimba owakheke ngayo eliphawuleka ngaso." Lona mzuzu lapho kubulawa umsebenzi othile kubaluleke ngaphezu neminye imisebenzi (isb. E. Ngo isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko kubonakala focus evelele okwesikhashana excitation, okunikeza ukuma ezithile ukuziphatha kwabantu). Kwezinye izifo kwakhiwa sokugembula evelele. Kuba maphakathi self-yesondlo nokuragela phambili kulesi simo.

Isigaba sesithathu

Ekuthuthukiseni inqubo sokugembula kungaphazamisa sanogenetic ngempumelelo (zokuzivikela) izindlela. Kulokhu, umphumela kuba ngokuvamile ukuphulukisa, ukubuyiselwa esimweni sokuqala. Uma umzimba ozivikela akakwazi ukubhekana ke lesi sifo eba ngenxa inqubo sokugembula.

ukugula ngasinye kwenzeka ngesikhathi esithile. izifo olunamandla ziqhubeka endaweni ethile ezinsukwini 4, acute - kusukela ezinsukwini 5 kuya 14, subacute - 15 kuya 40 izinsuku. Uma lesi sifo kwenzeka noma yokutakula noma ushintsho kwifomu okungamahlalakhona, ukuthuthukiswa yezinkinga noma ukufa.

Lokho akunakubangelwa izinqubo sokugembula

izinqubo sokugembula emzimbeni zimi kanje:

• ukuvuvukala;
• hypoxia;
• umkhuhlane;
• isimila kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. d.

Isibonelo okusobala kakhulu - yisishiso sokugembula. Naye emzimbeni womuntu iqala ukwenza ukuphendula zokuzivikela futhi oluhambelana ukuqeda isici pathogenic. Ukuvuvukala kubangela ushintsho evamile ukugeleza kwegazi, kukhuphuke permeability semithambo. Vela ezifana izimpawu zokwelashwa njengoba ukwanda sendawo lokushisa, ububomvu, ubuhlungu.

inqubo enjalo sokugembula njengoba hypoxia, limelela ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo. Kuyinto esivela izimo nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ekupheleni yimuphi ebulalayo isifo kungakhathalekile izimbangela kuziwa anoxia oyingozi. Dying ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana hypoxia Imininingwane, ingqondo izinguquko ezingenakuhlehliswa emzimbeni womuntu.

Fever ivela kaningi. Le nqubo sokugembula, esibonakala by ukukhuphuka zesikhashana nezinga lokushisa komzimba. Lapho ibizwa yaphawula nezinye izenzakalo esingokwemvelo pathologies ezithathelwanayo (isb, ukuhlaselwa ukushisa).

Esinye isibonelo salokhu inqubo sokugembula - isimila. Lokhu isimila, okwenzeka lapho izicubu ukukhula nge amaseli atypical. Polyetiology lwesimila. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho kuphakama ngenxa umthelela izici ezihlukahlukene ephathelene nomzimba namakhemikhali awo kanye nemvelo begazi.

Ekuphetheni, kuyafaneleka ukuthi isifo, inqubo isifo - kukhona imibono ehlukene, kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu. Umuntu ngamunye kufanele bazi ukuthi ukusabela kungenzeka emzimbeni wakhe ngenxa ukuchayeka ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, ungaba yini umphumela zonke izinguquko.