Ingqikithi emakethe, imisebenzi kanye nezinhlobo

Market - kuyinto kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi kwezibopho kwezomnotho kanye nobudlelwano phakathi izinhlangano abathintekayo izinqubo zokukhiqiza, ukusetshenziswa, ukusatshalaliswa kanye exchange of ezihlukahlukene izimpahla namasevisi ku amanani emakethe efanele kwakhiwa ngesisekelo ibhalansi nezidingo, ikhumbula mncintiswano.

Ingqikithi emakethe

Ezimakethe kukhona ukuxhumana abathengi kanye nabathengisi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona izivumelwano kanye izivumelwano ukuthi yenziwa ukuthengiselana ahlukahlukene nge okuvunyelwane wokubambisana. abahlanganyeli emakethe babé nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zomnotho - kusukela emakhaya esimweni. A indima ebalulekile ukubambisana okunjalo kunikezwa abaxhumanisi ezingaba kanyekanye ubuye nabathengisi futhi abathengi.

Ingqikithi kwemakethe indlela ukuxhumana phakathi amakhasimende abeke ukufuneka izimpahla, nabathengisi ukuthi yakha ukunikela lo mkhiqizo. Imikhiqizo ngokwabo ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona izinhloso emakethe. Umqondo umkhiqizo akugcini izinto ezibonakalayo. Zingase zibekwe amasevisi, imithombo, lwemali, izibambiso, izinzuzo zikahulumeni, njll

Ukwakha ubuhlobo ezanele, abahlanganyeli emakethe kudingeka ulwazi ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo zalo mkhiqizo. Ingqikithi yalo emakethe esakhiwa ngo ukudluliselwa lolu lwazi - ngokuvamile ngesimo amanani. Inombolo wathola izimpahla kanye namasevisi, usayizi yemali engenayo yekhasimende, nokwanda kokungabi izidingo zabo yakha kwaneliswe isidingo, iqinisekisa ukusebenza ungaphazanyiswa wemakethe.

Ngokuvamile, isimo kanye umsebenzi emakethe zimi kanje:

- Ukuhlela izidingo abathengi kanye nabathengisi amathuba, okuyinto kwenziwa ngokuhlonza ubudlelwano phakathi kwaneliswe isidingo kule ingxenye emakethe.

- Ukunika amandla amakhasimende ukukhetha imikhiqizo kwesokudla kanye nezinsizakalo, kanye nabathengisi - ezikhanga kakhulu ezimakethe. Lokhu okwenziwe kwaba nokwenzeka ukunyakaza khulula kwezimpahla, ukusebenza, inhloko-dolobha, kokubili ngaphakathi ezweni kanye phakathi kwamazwe.

- Ukukhuthaza nokwehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza abathengisi ungakwazi ukuvalelisa kwimikhiqizo kubanga eliphakathi intengo emakethe futhi intengo izindleko.

- Ukuthuthukisa isimo umnotho ngokusebenzisa self-ukuvalwa ucabanga izinkampani ezinikeza izinga abampofu, imikhiqizo yesimanje ebiza kakhulu noma cha kanye nezinsizakalo.

Ngakho, izinqubo zamanani, kucocisana, imigomo, ulwazi, kanye nokuchaza okushiwo emakethe ukulungiswa. Zonke lezi imisebenzi lwenziwa ngokuqondile izinhlangano ibhizinisi ukuqaliswa yokuthengisa nokuthenga. Nge emakethe kwezomnotho abathengi ahlukene kanye nabathengisi ungakheka ukuxhumana kudingeka, ngaleyo ndlela kwakhiwe izakhiwo emakethe ahlukahlukene.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi izakhiwo ezinjalo. Okokuqala izimakethe zingahlukaniswa zibe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: izimpahla kanye nezinsizakalo. Bona kuthi phambili bahlukane bahambe izingxenye ezincane. Kuye umkhakha kwezimpahla namasevisi kungaba izimpahla ezimbonini, ukudla, izimakethe isisetshenziswa, njll

Kukhona division by izinhlobo ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza elikhiqizayo: izimakethe ezweni, ulwazi, inhloko-dolobha, ukusebenza, njll

Amazenge oyedwa futhi ahlukaniselwe izakhiwo ezincane. Ngokwesibonelo, emkhakheni kolwazi bungabonakala izimakethe ehlukene kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe ukuthuthukiswa, emisha, ubuchwepheshe. Futhi kukhona ezinye izimakethe ukuvikeleka imvelo zezimali (stock), zezimali, njll Bonke ukwenza imisebenzi yabo futhi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende eqondene ezihambisanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, emakethe lwemali luwumgogodla izinqubo zomthetho zokwenana, ukuthengwa nokudayiswa zezimali amazinga ezihlukahlukene nokuxhumana ejenti kwezomnotho.

izimakethe Territorially kungenzeka zendawo, phakathi kwesifunda, kazwelonke, ngamazwe.

Kuye ukutholakala mncintiswano kukhona monopolistic, oligopolistic noma wokuncintisana ngokukhululekile izimakethe.

Njengoba singabona, kukhona ngeengaba eziningi kanye nezindlela division zibe izingxenye. Ukwehlukahluka kwezimangaliso izimakethe kwandisa ngokulingana ukukhula nezidingo zobuntu futhi amakhono.