Izintaba-mlilo - is ... kanjani ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo? Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo izintaba-mlilo

Kunzima ukuthola umuntu obengahlukani ucele mlilo. Iningi ukufunda izincwadi ngazo, ngenhliziyo ocwilayo wabukela itshengise izithombe zalo nokuqhuma izindawo lapho kokuncoma amandla nobukhazikhazi izici futhi sijabule ngokuthi inombolo ayenzeki kubo. Izintaba-mlilo - yinto akabashiyi ubani nandaba. Ngakho kuyini?

Isakhiwo intabamlilo

Izintaba-mlilo - a zokwakheka ekhethekile Geological ihlangabezane ngesikhathi wenyuka esuka ekujuleni esikhipha isiphuku futhi ngezinye ophumayo yayo ebusweni. Magma liphuma ngokusebenzisa Vala imifantu ku ungqimba lomhlaba. Lapho kugqashuka futhi akhiwa nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi imingcele khona izingqimba zomhlaba, lapho, ngenxa ukushayisana noma razdvizheniya amaphutha zenzeka. ngokwabo behileleka A plate kule nhlangano ngenkathi ezihambayo nesiphuku.

Ngokuvamile banayo ifomu mlilo oyindilinga ezintabeni noma amagquma. Uma sibheka ukwakheka kwazo zabo ngokucacile zihlukaniswa umlomo - iwumzila le magma liyaphuma, emgodini wentaba - ikhefu esiqongweni, lapho kukhona kuthululwa lava. Sam Intaba-mlilo yakhiwa izingqimba eziningi kwemikhiqizo umsebenzi: lava, umlotha wentaba-mlilo namabhomu.

Njengoba ukuqhuma kuhambisana ekushayweni igesi ashisayo, elikhazimulayo ngisho ngesikhathi sasemini, futhi umlotha, izintaba-mlilo ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi "izintaba nomlilo-ukuphefumula." Ezikhathini zasendulo babebhekwa lalisemzileni oya ezimayini lemimoya. Futhi igama ezikutholile behlonipha unkulunkulu wamaRoma Vulcan. Kukholakala ukuthi umlilo lentuthu flying kusukela smithy yakhe yomshoshaphansi. Lezi amaqiniso ethakazelisayo izintaba-mlilo sekuqala ukufudumala ilukuluku phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zabantu.

izinhlobo hlobo lwezintaba-mlilo

Lesi sigaba ekhona phakathi asebenzayo futhi yokuqothulwa okunemibandela kakhulu. izintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo - yilezo yaqhuma inkumbulo lesintu. Lezi zenzakalo kuyagcinwa wokuzibonela. Baningi nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo ezindaweni lamadolobha esimanjemanje entabeni wokwakha. Lokhu, isibonelo, eKamchatka, esiqhingini Iceland, eMpumalanga Afrika-Andes Cordillera.

izintaba-mlilo ezingasekho - ukuthi akusi iqhuma izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Kukhunjulwa abantu engafakwanga ulwazi mayelana nomsebenzi wabo. Kodwa eziningi izimo, lapho intabamlilo sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi ngasebenzi isikhathi eside kakade, yahlatshwa ngiphaphama futhi ilethe izinkinga. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo - ngenkathi edumile eyaqhuma iVesuvius ngo-79 AD, Umdwebo abadumile Bryullov "Izinsuku Zokugcina yasePompeii." iminyaka 5 ngaphambi kule nhlekelele phezu izihlubuki ukufihla izilwi uSpartacus. A entabeni laligcwele uhlaza.

Eliphahlwe izintabamlilo yokuqothulwa zihlanganisa Mount Elbrus - intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke eRussia. vertex wayo biceps limelela lezisekelo ezimbili Isigaxa ahlanganisiwe.

Eruption njengoba inqubo Geological

Eruption kubhekwa inqubo ukukhululwa surface imikhiqizo eMhlabeni magmatic eshisayo okuqinile, uketshezi kanye nesimo gaseous. Ukuze ngamunye intabamlilo kuba ngabanye. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuqhuma is pretty elizolile Udaka oluncibilikayo yathululela ukusakaza futhi ageleza phansi kwemithambeka. Akukona ukugxambukela ukukhululwa kancane kancane amagesi ukuqhuma eqinile ngakho azisenzeki.

Lolu hlobo libhekene ukuqhuma iKilauea. Lokhu intabamlilo eHawaii ubhekwa esebenzayo kakhulu emhlabeni. wentaba yayo nge ububanzi of mayelana 4.5 km kanti iyona enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Uma lava emaningi, ngezinye izikhathi wenza ucingo wentaba. Ngenxa yalokho, amagesi ekuphunyukeni kuzo, bengafumananga ukuthi bangabajezisa ophumayo, buthelela intabamlilo wentaba. Lapho ukucindezela igesi kuphezulu kakhulu, kukhona kuqhuma ibhomu kakhulu ngemva. Uphakamisa emoyeni esiningi lava, okuyinto kamuva uwela phansi efomini amabhomu mlilo, isihlabathi nomlotha.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke izintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo - isivele okukhulunywa iVesuvius, Katmai eNyakatho Melika.

Kodwa ukuqhuma enamandla kakhulu, okwaholela nokuphola emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yaleli fu mlilo, which they ayengayisebenzisa uthole ngokusebenzisa imisebe yelanga, okwenzeka ngo-1883. Khona-ke le ntaba-mlilo Krakatau walahlekelwa kakhulu ingxenye yayo. igesi futhi umlotha ikholomu rose 70 km up. Xhumana amanzi olwandle magma red-hot zaholela ekwakhekeni kwe-tsunami-30 amamitha. Ngokuvamile izisulu ukuqhuma babe abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu 37.

izintaba-mlilo yesimanje

Kukholakala ukuthi kukhona manje-mlilo ezingaphezu kuka-500 asebenzayo emhlabeni. Iningi lazo basonta indawo nePacific "Ring of Fire" esemgwaqweni imingcele okufanayo negama lithospheric ipuleti. Minyaka yonke kukhona mayelana 50 nokuqhuma. Okungenani yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane nengxenye abantu baphile endaweni yabo yomsebenzi.

izintaba-mlilo zaseKamchatka

Enye yezindawo edume kakhulu kwezintaba-mlilo yesimanje itholakala Ekude yeRussia. Lendawo yesimanje entabeni wokwakha ezihlobene Pacific Ring of Fire. Izintaba-mlilo zaseKamchatka zifakwe UNESCO. Bona bangabezwe; isithakazelo esikhulu, hhayi nje njengezinto ucwaningo, kodwa futhi njengoba izikhumbuzo zemvelo.

Nangu intabamlilo eliphakeme asebenzayo Eurasia - yaseKlyuchevskaya Sopka. ukuphakama Its 4750 amamitha. Kwaziwa kahle kamhlophe ngomsebenzi wabo njengoba Flat Tolbachik, Mutnovskaya Sopka, eshisiwe, Vilyuchinsky, Intaba Izinyo avachinsky nabanye. Zonke e eKamchatka, zikhona 28 nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo, futhi kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amahlanu yokuqothulwa. Kodwa nakhu amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo. Mayelana mlilo zaseKamchatka is kakhulu ezaziwayo. Kodwa kanye lesi sifunda liyaziwa ezingavamile kakhulu - iziphethu.

It imithombo ngezikhathi ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana yamanzi futhi umusi abilayo. Okunye esizokwenza okuxhumene imisebenzi yabo ne magma esasivele emifantwini e koqweqwe eduze komhlaba kuthi laba abangaphansi komhlaba Ukushisa amanzi.

ISigodi odumile Neziphethu etholakala lapha, lavulwa ngo-1941, T. I. Ustinovoy. It is njengelinye lamazwe ubuhle obumangalisayo bemvelo. Valley iziphethu endaweni hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-7 kV. km, kodwa kukhona 20 iziphethu ezinkulu kanye inqwaba abilayo imithombo yamanzi. Largest - isiphethu samanzi ashisayo Giant - ejects ikholomu yamanzi futhi umusi ezingeni ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-30!

Yikuphi intabamlilo ngaphezu kwakho konke?

Nquma akunjalo elula. Okokuqala, ukuphakama nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo kungenziwa abaqhubeke nge kuqhuma ngamunye ngenxa ukukhula ungqimba entsha amadwala noma ukwehla ngenxa ukuqhuma kokubhubhisa Isigaxa.

Okwesibili, ungavusa sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi intabamlilo yokuqothulwa. Uma siphakeme ngokwanele, kwakungase ibenze emuva umholi ekhona.

Okwesithathu, indlela cabangela ukuphakama intabamlilo - lisemhlabathini noma izinga lamanzi olwandle? Lokhu kukunika izibalo ehluke ngokuphelele. Ngemva Isigaxa kokuba ukuphakama ngobukhulu eliphelele, kungase kungabi ngobukhulu ngokuziqhathanisa sezwe ezizungezile, futhi okuphambene nalokho.

Okwamanje, phakathi nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo kubhekwa ukuba ngobukhulu eNingizimu Melika Lyuylyaylyako. ukuphakama Its 6723 amamitha. Kodwa mlilo abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isihloko enkulu ongacela Cotopaxi, esisogwini izwekazi efanayo. Ake ukuphakama kwakhe lingaphansi kuka - "kuphela" 5897 m, kodwa ukuqhuma zokugcina, ayenakho ngo-1942, futhi ngo-Lyuylyaylyako - kakade 1877

Futhi, intabamlilo eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni kungaba ibhekwe Hawaiian Loa. Nakuba ukuphakama kwalo okuphelele 4169 m, kuyinto esingaphansi kwesigamu inani layo kweqiniso. Isigaxa Loa iqala kusukela ekujuleni kolwandle antante ezingaphezu kuka 9 km. Okungukuthi, ukuphakama kusukela phansi kuya phezulu mkhulu Usayizi Chomolungma!

udaka izintaba-mlilo

Ngezwa umuntu isigodi mlilo eCrimea? Kunzima kakhulu ukuba Cabanga enhlonhlweni wasibekela e intuthu nokuqhuma namabhishi - suffused nge lava red-hot. Kodwa kufanele ungakhathazeki, ngoba sikhuluma udaka mlilo.

Lena akuyona buyinto into engavamile ngokwemvelo. Mud izintaba-mlilo - like ikhona, kodwa bungakhiphi lava, kodwa notshwala ngodaka liquid-semi ketshezi. Isizathu ukunqwabelana ukuqhuma okulotshiwe izimbotshana komhlaba nemifantu inombolo enkulu amagesi, ngokuvamile hydrocarbon. Ingcindezi igesi ushayela intabamlilo udaka okusezingeni eliphezulu ikholomu liphuma ngezinye izikhathi ezimbalwa amashumi amamitha, kanye ukuthungela futhi ukuqhuma igesi kuqhuma lidlulisele ukubukeka eyanele esongelayo.

Inqubo ingahlala izinsuku eziningana, ephelezelwa komhlaba wendawo, ukubhonga ovela ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba Isigaxa ongaphakeme ngodaka eqina.

Izindawo ngodaka mlilo

Ngo eCrimea zikhona izintaba-mlilo eNhlonhlweni Kerch. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo - Emhlathini-Tepe, omkhulu sabashaqisa bendawo kuqhuma zazo ezimfushane ngo-1914 (imizuzu 14). udaka Insika uyakhishwa-60 m. udaka ukugeleza obuphelele ifinyelele 500 m kanye ububanzi ezingaphezu kuka-100 m. Nokho, nokuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo enkulu kangaka kunalokho okuhlukile.

Izindawo asebenzayo udaka izintaba-mlilo ngokuvamile kuhambisane izindawo uwoyela negesi. ERussia, ziseZwini eNhlonhlweni Taman, ku-Sakhalin. Basemazweni angomakhelwane "ocebile" yase-Azerbaijan.

Ngo-2007, ku- esiqhingini Java isebenze intabamlilo, wasibekela udaka insimu yabo enkulukazi, kuhlanganise izakhiwo eziningi. Ngokusho balapha, kwaba ngenxa imishini, ziphazamisa izingqimba ezijulile idwala.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo izintaba-mlilo

Edinburgh Castle eScotland, ezakhiwe phezu-mlilo yokuqothulwa. Inengi Scots alazi ngayo.

It kuvela ukuthi izintaba-mlilo kungenzeka abadlali! In the movie "The Last Samurai" e indima entabeni engcwele Fujiyama Japanese wenza Taranaki, okuyinto kubhekwa enhle kakhulu e-New Zealand. Iqiniso lokuthi komakhelwane kweNtaba Fuji, ne landscape yayo ezisemadolobheni asihambisani ngokudubula izithombe izenzakalo ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19.

Ngokuvamile, mlilo New Zealand akudingeki akhononde ngokuntuleka ka ukunakwa abenzi mafilimu. Phela, Ruapehu futhi Tongariro waziwa kubangelwe ifilimu "INkosi we Izindandatho", okuyinto ukuboniswa eNtabeni Doom, elangabini obadalwa futhi kamuva lapho ukubhubhisa Omunye Ring. entabeni enesizungu Erebor e "The Hobbit" ifilimu - kungcono futhi omunye mlilo bendawo.

A eKamchatka iziphethu nezimpophoma waba okwenza for ukuthwetshulwa "Sannikov Land."

Lokhu kuqhuma intaba-mlilo Mount St. Helens (United States) ngo-1980, kubhekwa amakhulu kunawo wonke endaweni yonke yekhulu lama-20. Ukuqhuma, ngokwesikhundla yayo amabhomu 500 eHiroshima, uphonse umlotha ensimini ka amane uthi.

Icelandic intabamlilo Eyyafyadlayokudl adumileyo kwekhabhoni umlotha futhi intuthu yangena air traffic aseYurophu entwasahlobo ka-2010. Igama lakhe stumped amakhulu nomsakazo nomabonakude abasakazi.

intabamlilo Philippine iPinatubo yaqhuma ngesikhathi sokugcina ngo-1991. Kulokhu, ababili ababesebenza lempi elisekela kwabhujiswa. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka engu-20 iPinatubo wentaba egcwele amanzi emvula, ukudala i ichibi elihle ngokumangalisayo, intabamlilo emithambekeni igcwele izimila tropical. Lokhu sekwenze kwaba lula ukuhamba ejensi ukuhlela iholide nge ukubhukuda echibini mlilo.

Lokhu kuqhuma ngokuvamile akha amatshe ezithakazelisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, itshe elula - ilula. Ziningi air Bubbles zenza kube lula amanzi. Noma "izinwele Pele 'ezitholakala Hawaii. Ziyakwazi eside, imicu ezondile idwala. izakhiwo eziningi e-Armenia dolobha Yerevan eyakhiwe tuff pink, onikeza idolobha flavour esiyingqayizivele.

Izintaba-mlilo - ukubukeka asabekayo esinesithunzi. Isithakazelo kuzo kubangelwa ngokwesaba nangokubheka ilukuluku futhi ukomela ulwazi olusha. Akumangalisi bebizwa amafasitela endaweni yabafileyo. Kodwa izithakazelo luyingxenye utilitarian. Ngokwesibonelo, umhlabathi wentaba-mlilo ivundile kakhulu, futhi lokho kwenza eminyaka abantu bengawutholi ukuze kuxazululwe eduze kwabo, naphezu kwengozi.