Indawo yezemidlalo: izinhlobo namazinga okuphepha. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezakhiwo zezemidlalo

Isikhungo sokuqala sezemidlalo savela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngokusho kwabavubukuli, abantu baqala ukwakha izinto ezinjalo ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sethu. Izinga eliphakeme lokuthuthukiswa kokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zemincintiswano yezemidlalo yatholwa eRoma lasendulo naseGrisi lasendulo. Imvelo enhle yokwakhiwa okunjalo kanye nokufaneleka kwezakhi zobunjiniyela ezikhonjisiwe kuboniswa ngamanxiwa awo ahlale egcinwe. Isakhiwo esinjalo sezemidlalo singabamba amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu.

Isigaba samanje sokuthuthukiswa

Kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwakukhona ukuqhuma okude ekwakheni izakhiwo zezemidlalo. Iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-100 eyedlule lelikhefu lithathwe esikhundleni sesithakazelo esinamandla ezintweni ezinjalo. Kwabangelwa ukwanda kwenani labantu abasebenza emsebenzini wengqondo futhi befuna ukukhokhela ukuhamba kwabo okuphansi.

Lesi sakhiwo sezemidlalo, njengenkundla, sakhiwa ngo-1903 e-United States. Futhi kakade eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo kuleli lizwe ligcwalise ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo ezinhlanu ezinjalo. Kusukela ngo-1920, kuze kube ngu-1926, inani lezemidlalo e-United States lenyukile kabili.

Ukuqala ukwakhiwa okusheshayo kwezakhiwo zezemidlalo kwenziwa ngemuva kokuqala kwesiko seMidlalo yama-Olympic. Kusukela ngo-1896 kuze kube manje, babanjwa izikhathi ezingu-22. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakhiwa izakhiwo zezemidlalo ezintsha ze-Olympiad ngayinye. Futhi lokhu akumangalisi. Iqiniso liwukuthi imidlalo enjalo iye yaba umcimbi wokubaluleka okukhulu kwamasiko nezenhlalakahle.

Izindawo ezinkulu zezemidlalo zesikhathi sethu

Amakhasi ebonakala kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo ezinjalo aqala eminyakeni yempi emva kokulwa. Kwakuyisikhathi lapho eRoma kwakukhona izinkathazo ezifana nePalazzo nePalazzetto del. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakhiwa isakhiwo sezemidlalo eTokyo, njenge-Koma Zava. EMexico City, kwakhiwa isiteji seYunivesithi esiyingqayizivele. Lapha lakhiwa kanye nendlu enkulu yezemidlalo. Umcimbi omkhulu empilweni yomphakathi kanye namasiko eplanethi kwakuwukutholakala kwezinto ezinjalo:

- isakhiwo sezemidlalo saseMunich "Oberwiesenfil";
- ithrekhi yaseMontreal ne-Olympic;
- i-Moscow Central Stadium ebizwa ngokuthi uLenin;
- Leningrad Stadium. I-Kirov;
- I-NSC i-Olimpiyskiy ka-Kyiv;
Yerevan Hrazdan Stadium, njll.

Okuthakazelisayo kunazo zonke izakhiwo zezemidlalo zaseMoscow ezakhelwe iMidlalo yama-Olympic ye-XXII. Kukhona phakathi kwabo okukhulu kakhulu eYurophu. Isibonelo, inkundla "i-Olympic". Isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sicatshangwa ukuthi singaphansi kwengoma yomgwaqo eKrylatskoe, kanye nesiteshi esiseduze sokugwedla.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemidlalo yezemidlalo. Okokuqala, zihlukaniswe zibe eziyinhloko, ezisizayo nezakhiwo zokubeka imishini nezibukeli.
Ingxenye enkulu yanoma yiliphi indawo yezemidlalo yinto enkulu. Inhloso yalo ukuhlela imincintiswano, kanye nenqubo yokuqeqesha. Ngokusho kwemithetho ethile yokwakha, lezi zakhiwo zezemidlalo zakhiwe. Izinkambiso ezakhiwe futhi zamukelwe ezingeni lezomthetho zilawula ubukhulu bezikhungo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithile zokugqoka, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwemithetho yomncintiswano, lezo zakhiwo kumele zibe nemishini eyanele kanye ne-inventory, tags, njll Izinto eziyinhloko , Futhi, zihlukaniswe zibe zivulekile, zingenayo i-canopy, futhi zihlanganisiwe.

Emakamelweni angasiza kukhona abasebenzi basevisi. Umsebenzi walo ukugcina nokugcina yonke indawo yezemidlalo.

Endaweni yezivakashi kukhona amadivaysi ababukeli. Izakhiwo ezinjalo ziseduze nendawo enkulu kanye nezakhiwo zabasebenzi.

Izakhiwo zezemidlalo ze-Athletic zihlukaniswa futhi ngenhloso yazo yokusebenza. Kulesi simo, isabelo sezinto eqenjini elithile lincike ekutheni ngabe kwakhiwe umncintiswano wezemidlalo. Kodwa-ke, kokubili izakhiwo zezemidlalo ezivulekile nalabo abangaphansi komgwaqo kungaba nezinhloso ezehlukene. Kuzo imincintiswano ingabanjwa nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nemidlalo eminingana. Esikhathini esilandelayo, izinto ezinjalo zibhekwa njengento yonke. Zingaba nezakhiwo eziningana ezihlukene ezihlala ensimini efanayo, noma zinakho ukuguqula imishini.

Isimiso sokuhlala

Ngokusho kwamakhodi wokwakha kanye nemithetho ekhona , noma yisiphi isikhungo sezemidlalo kufanele sibe yingxenye yesistimu jikelele yezinsizakalo zasekhaya nezamasiko ezakhamuzi zendawo. Futhi kukhona ukuhlukaniswa okuthile kwezinto ezinjalo. Zihlukaniswe zibe:
- i-microdistrict;
- inter-wesifunda;
- isifunda;
- idolobha lonke.

Izinto ze-Mikrorayonnye

Ezingxenyeni zokuhlala, kunezikhungo zemidlalo eziphambili ezakhiwe. Zakhiwe yizinkimbinkimbi ezenzelwe izigaba ezahlukene zeminyaka, futhi zifakwe ebangeni elihamba ngamakhilomitha angama-50 kuya kwangu-500.

Ngokwezimiso ezikhona, kunamamitha ayisishiyagalolunye angamamitha ayisishiyagalolunye ezindawo zokudlala, imigwaqo yebhayisikili, nezindawo zokuzivocavoca kuzo zonke izinkulungwane zabantu abakhelene nabo.

Izinhloso zezinkimbinkimbi eziningana zokuhlala

Izakhiwo zangaphakathi-wesifunda yizikhungo zezemidlalo noma izindawo zokupaka. Zenzelwe ukufinyeleleka kokuhamba kweminithi engamashumi amabili. Indawo yezindawo ezinjalo yi-0.14 hektare kuzo zonke izakhamuzi eziyizinkulungwane. Ukwakhiwa kwalezi zakhiwo kungabandakanya izindawo zokudlala kanye nezinkundla zebhola, amachibi okubhukuda ngaphandle kanye nama-gyms.

Izakhiwo zesifunda zakhiwe ngesilinganiso samahektha angu-0.18 kubo bonke abantu abayizinkulungwane. Njengomthetho, zihlanganiswa namasiko nezikhungo zemidlalo zezikhungo ezincane. Njengengxenye yalezi zinkimbinkimbi zinikeza izindawo eziningi zokudlala, kanye nedamu lokubhukuda kanye nezinyawo.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu emadolobheni

Iziphi izakhiwo ezizokwakhiwa endaweni yesifunda esinikeziwe kuncike kwinani labakhileyo kulo. Uma idolobha lincane (abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-500), izakhiwo zezemidlalo ezibalulekile zasemadolobheni kufanele zihlangane nezifunda zesifunda kanye nezifundazwe. Ngenani elikhudlwana labahlali, izakhiwo ezihlukene zenzelwe. Izikhungo zezemidlalo zedolobha zitholakala emotweni wemoto engama-30 ngomzila. Indawo yezinto ezifana nezakhamuzi eziyinkulungwane ngamunye kuthathwa njengalingana namahektha angu-0.11.

Izakhiwo ze-planar

Phakathi kwalolu hlobo lwemidlalo yezemidlalo kukhona amasimu nezinkundla zokudlala, izwe elihamba phambili noma amathrekhi we-ski. Zonke zazo zenzelwe imincintiswano nemisebenzi yangaphandle.

Izakhiwo zezemidlalo ezijwayelekile kakhulu zidlala amasimu, zizungezwe ithrekhi nemidlalo yendlela yokudlala. Ezinye izidingo zezemidlalo zalolu hlobo zihlinzekela ukulima kwendawo eseduze. Njengomthetho, lawa amabhande okuzivikela emasimini, atholakala ekuhambeni kwezinto. Ububanzi bezindawo eziluhlaza kumele kube okungenani ngamamitha ayishumi.

Yonke imikhakha edlala endaweni yesakhiwo sezinhlelo ihlelwe ngokwezemidlalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kumele babe nezilinganiso nazo zonke izakhiwo ezidingekayo, imishini, kanye nokukhanya okwanele.

Ukuphila okusebenzayo

Kuze kube manje, inani elikhulayo labantu lichitha isikhathi sabo ezindaweni zezemidlalo. Umgomo oyinhloko wezifundo zabo ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yabo. Kulokhu, izakhiwo ezifana nezakhiwo zezemidlalo nezokuzilibazisa, zidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yendawo ngayinye. Azisebenzi ngenhloso yobuchwepheshe. Bavakashelwe ukuthuthukisa impilo nokugcinwa kwefomu. Kulezi zakhiwo, ngaphandle kwalezi zonke ezingenhla, zifaka ama-saunas namabhati, amakamelo okugaya, udaka nezikhungo ze-hydropathic. Okuthandwa kakhulu namuhla yizinhlobo zemisebenzi yezemidlalo ephucula impilo, njengama-gymnastics aerobic, ukufaneleka nemidlalo. Kuzo, izindawo ezincane, amakamelo afudumele kahle anikezwe ukukhanyisa okunamandla nokukhanya kwemvelo. Njengoba kusetshenziselwa imishini eyinkimbinkimbi yezingubo ze-gymnastic ne-athletic.

Izidingo zokuhlanzeka nezokuhlanzeka ezindlini zangaphakathi

Ngemuva kokuba izakhiwo zinikezwe abakhi ukuze baqhubeke nokusebenza, lesi sakhiwo sithathwa ngabasebenzi be-SES. Phela, kusukela endaweni yokuhlanzeka yalezi zindawo kuxhomeke emthonjeni wokuqeqeshwa okwenziwe, kanye nempilo yabantu abathintekayo.

Izidingo ezikhethekile zenziwa emhlobiso wokungaphakathi kwezakhiwo zasendlini. Kuzo zonke izindonga kanye nokufakela kufanele kube nesibhakabhaka, ngaphandle kokubunjwa, ukuhamba okulula, ukugeza. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwezakhiwo zezemidlalo, ama-radiators ahlala kuwo atholakale kuphela emiceleni futhi ehlanganiswe nezinsimbi zokuzivikela. Ukuze ugweme ingozi yokulimala, ukufakwa kwamagceke akufanele kuqhubekele.
Lapho uklama izakhiwo zezemidlalo, kubalulekile ukucabangela umbala wezindonga zendawo. Kumelwe abe nomqondo othize wokubheka futhi kuthinte kahle imisebenzi yomuntu wengqondo.

Izingosi zobulili noma ezokudlala ezemidlalo nezokungcebeleka akufanele zibe nezindwangu kanye nama-potholes. Izinto zokugqoka kwazo kufanele zisetshenziswe kancane kancane futhi zinciphisa kahle.

Emahholo ezakhiwo zasendlini, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama omuhle kufanele ligcinwe. Lesi isimo esibalulekile sokugcina impilo yabantu abakhona. Ngezinga elithile, kumele kube khona ijubane lokunyakaza kwemoya. Inani lalo alingu-0.5 amamitha ngomzuzwana. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi zonke izigubhu zibe nokukhanyisa kwemvelo. Ebumnyameni ebusuku emakamelweni anjalo kumele afake ukukhanya okubonakalayo noma ukukhanya okuhlakazekile. Ukuze uthathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo, isikhungo sezokwelapha sezemidlalo sikhona eduze nendawo yehholo.

Izidingo eziningi zokuhlanzeka zikhonjiswa ngemishini kanye nenqolobane yokuqeqeshwa kanye nemincintiswano. Kufanele kwenziwe ngezinto ezinhle zekhwalithi, kuhle futhi uhambisane namazinga akhona esisindo nesimo.

Izidingo zokuhlanzeka nezokuhlanzeka kwezakhiwo ezivulekile

Izakhiwo zezemidlalo zePlanar kufanele zihlelwe besebenzisa ukugqoka okukhethekile. Lokhu kumele kube yindawo engapheliyo engena-slip engenazo izikhombisi zokufaka umonakalo ezingabangela ukulimala.
Ezinye izidingo zifakwe esikhwameni sotshani lezi zakhiwo. Ubuntshani obuhlaza kufanele bube bukhulu, buphansi, bumelana nesithwathwa futhi buphikisana hhayi nje nokukhanda izinwele njalo, kodwa futhi ukunyathelisa.

Uma ulungisa isembozo, kufanele uhlinzeke ngamathafa okuhambisa amanzi angaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kwezidingo zokuhlanzeka, ukufakwa kwamanzi neziphuzo zangasese kuyadingeka ensimini yezakhiwo. Wonke amasayithi kumele abe nokukhanyisa okufakelwayo.

Ukuphathwa kwezemidlalo

Isistimu yenkambano yezenhlalakahle nezomnotho ezweni lethu iye yenze izinguquko ezinkulu mayelana nokushintshela ezimweni zemakethe. Lesi sici sathonya futhi ukuphathwa kwezakhiwo zezemidlalo. Kuze kube manje, izinhlangano zesimo somzimba kanye nephrofayili yezempilo ukuze zithuthukise phambili kumele zenze uhlelo lokuphatha oluzobenza bakwazi ukuba nesimo esiqinile emakethe. Yiqiniso, lokho ukuzimela, okunikezwa izinhlangano zezemidlalo, kuye kwabangela ukuphathwa kwabaphathi babo kanye nokwanda komsebenzi okwenziwa ngabasebenzi bokuphatha. Izikhulu zesikhungo sezemidlalo zinomsebenzi woku:

- ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala mahhala kwezakhamizi ezemidlalo nezemvelo;
- ukugcwaliseka kwazo zonke izidingo zokulawula ukuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuphepha kwempilo nokuphila kwabaqeqeshi;
- ukuqaliswa kosizo ekuthuthukiseni imidlalo;
- ukwenza umsebenzi webhizinisi.