Ukwakheka nemisebenzi pituitary

Pituitary indlala, isakhiwo kanye nemisebenzi iluphi okuzoxoxwa ngalo kamuva, iyingxenye kohlelo endocrine. It ingxenye 3 kuhlanganiswe. Ake sicabangele lokho imisebenzi ye indlala pituitary ebuchosheni. Ekupheleni kwe-athikili, i-material olwengeziwe. Ikakhulukazi, itafula. pituitary umsebenzi ochazwe kulo kafushane.

ukuzungeza

Njengoba le ndlala pituitary kunikwe amandla? Umsebenzi, ekwelapheni neziyaluyalu, isitho umsebenzi ngokuvamile kunqunywa isimo kwegazi. Ezinye izici supply isitho igazi ube ezimweni eziningi nethonya juqu kwi ukulawulwa umsebenzi wayo.

Amagatsha e-carotid (kwangaphakathi) Umthambo futhi kwesiyingi Willis kwakhiwa iziteshi umzimba yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi. Eyokuqala amafomu a capillary inethiwekhi sasivumela ezinamandla e imidiyeni ukuphakama esifundeni hypothalamus. Hlanganisa ukwakha uchungechunge izitsha portal vein eside. Behlela e adenohypophysis futhi Isiqu ifomu ku anterior Lobe plexus capillary sinusoidal. Ngenxa yalokho, kule ngxenye umzimba ngqo liningi igazi engekho. Igazi sidla kuwo kusuka ukuphakama lesemkhatsini ngokusebenzisa uhlelo portal. Lezi zici eqhulwini ukulawulwa umsebenzi pituitary anterior ngamunye. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-axons kumaseli neurosecretory ka hypothalamus e imidiyeni ukuphakama esifundeni kwakhiwa aksovazalnye oxhumana.

Neurosecretion futhi peptides zokulawula ngu izitsha esangweni zingene adenohypophysis. umnyango umzimba engemuva uthola igazi imithambo aphansi. I adenohypophysis waphawula eliphakeme umfutho zamanje, kuyilapho level yayo ingaphezu kwe kwamanye amathishu kakhulu.

izitsha emithambo yegazi ku Lobe anterior kuhlanganisa ama-venule labaqaphi elingemuva. Outflow ukuwusebenzisa wenziwa itheku cavernous emithambo yegazi igobolondo kanzima, bese - ku inethiwekhi ezivamile. Umqulu okukhulu kwegazi uhamba retrograde ukuze ukuphakama lesemkhatsini. Lokhu kubalulekile uma usebenza impendulo izindlela phakathi hypothalamus futhi pituitary indlala. innervation Ngozwela yegazi Kwenziwa Imicu yotshani postganglionic kuyoshaya kanye inethiwekhi semithambo.

Pituitary indlala: lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti (kafushane)

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kule isitho has izigaba zezizwe ezintathu. Ngaphambili libizwa pituitary anterior. Ngokusho izici morphological, yilesi sigaba kuyinto umsuka ndlala EPITHELIAL. Iqukethe izinhlobo eziningana endocrine amaseli.

Posterior Lobe ebizwa ngokuthi neurohypophysis. Kumiswa It is ngesikhathi embryogenesis njengoba bulging ngxenye ventral libhekene ezivamile nalo imvelaphi neuroectodermal. Esikhathini posterior ingxenye pituitsidy ababebuthene - amaseli othini lokuphotha emise kwemizwa axons hypothalamic.

ingxenyenamba Intermediate (efana phambili) zivelaphi EPITHELIAL. Lo mnyango cishe ngingekho abantu, kodwa wathi uyazithanda bha, isibonelo, namagundane, nezinkomo ruminants amancane. Lobe Lesisemkhatsini umsebenzi umuntu wenza inombolo encane iqembu lamaseli phambi ingxenye division misa, ukusebenza kanye embryological elihlobene ne anterior pituitary. Ngokulandelako, cabangela izingxenye ezichazwe ngenhla ngokuningiliziwe.

ekukhiqizweni kwama-hormone

Ikhipha anterior pituitary amaseli ubonisa izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili, ezinhlanu zazo esivela e umsebenzi secretory. Lezi zici zihlanganisa, ikakhulukazi:

• Somatotrofy. It izakhi acidophilus ebomvu elimbudumbudu emihle. Bakha ozokusebenzisa.
• Laktotrofy. Lokhu ophuzi acidophilus izakhi elimbudumbudu ezinkulu. Bakha prolactin.
• basophil Tireotrofy. Lezi cell akhiqiza i-hormone yegilo-inkanuko.
• Gonadotrofy basophil. Lezi zici ukukhiqiza LH futhi FSH (gonadotropins: follicle Ugqozi hormone luteinizing).
• basophil Kortikotrofy. Lezi zici ekhiqizwa adrenocorticotropic i-hormone corticotropin. Futhi lapha, njengakwezinye izici besigaba lesisemkhatsini, melanotropin kwakhiwa futhi beta-endorphin. Lezi zinto zehlela zihlobene eyandulela molecule lipotropinovyh compounds.

corticotropin

Kuyinto umkhiqizo cleavage ka proopiomelanocortin glycoprotein ngokwanele ezinkulu lapho kwakhiwa kortikotrofami basophilic is. Le ngxube amaprotheni ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili. Eyesibili eyodwa - lipotropin - ukuqhekezeka futhi ukunika melanotropin peptide endorphin. Kusemqoka umsebenzi antipain (antinociceptive) uhlelo nokuguquguquka kwezwi isizukulwane hormone adenohypophyseal.

imiphumela bokuphila corticotropin

Basuke ihlukaniswe extraadrenal futhi adrenal. Kwakamuva kubhekwe ezinkulu. Ngaphansi isenzo corticotropin anda zamagama-hormone. Uma kukhona ngokweqile Hyperplasia futhi hypertrophy we- cortex adrenal. isinyathelo Extraadrenal kuboniswa miphumela elandelayo:

• Khulisa ukukhiqizwa hormone ukukhula futhi nge-insulini.
• umphumela Lipolytic ku izicubu adipose.
• Kahle kungakhuphula izinga likashukela ngenxa ezishukumisayo insulin uketshezi.
• Ukwandiswa sebethule melanin hyperpigmentation ngenxa yobudlelwano hormone engqamuzaneni kanye melanotropin.

Lapho corticotropin ngokweqile imakwe ukuthuthukiswa Cushing ephelezelwa ukwanda esasiyomzuzisa cortisol ku adrenal. Lokhu zokugula libizwa pituitary Cushing sika. Encishisiwe pituitary umsebenzi kuphakamisa yokuntuleka glucocorticoids. It kuhambisana ukuqhela umzimba uzwakalise uhlamvu Ukuwohloka ukumelana imvelo bangaphandle.

Gonadotropic pituitary umsebenzi

Ukuthuthukiswa compounds ethize kusukela cell zithutha imijikelezo ezahlukene ahlukile kokubili amadoda nabesifazane. Pituitary umsebenzi lwenteke kulokhu uhlelo adenylate cyclase-ekamu. Kuthiwa ithonya lazo main kuhloswe izingxenye ngokobulili. Isenzo akugcini ukwakheka kanye uketshezi hormone, kodwa futhi umsebenzi we testes futhi ezikhiqiza amaqanda nge-sesibopho ukuthobisa receptor yeselula follitropin follicle primordial. Lokhu kuholela umphumela abahlukene morphogenetic, esizibonakalisa ngesimo ukukhula of follicle e esibelethweni kanye granulosa amaseli ayanda kubantu besifazane, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-testes, spermatogenesis, futhi ukunwetshwa we Sertoli amaseli kwabesilisa.

Phakathi ekukhiqizweni kwama-hormone ocansini e follitropin waphawula umphumela asizayo kuphela. Ngenxa isakhiwo secretory kuye balungele umsebenzi lutropin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenza steroid biosynthesis enzyme. Lutropin icuphe nge-ovulation kanye nokuthuthukiswa wesibeletho Corpus luteum, futhi testes inkanuko nomthelela Leydinga amaseli. He kubhekwa ukhiye steroid kusebenze imfundo androgen, progesterone futhi estrogen. ukuthuthukiswa kahle le gonads nokukhiqizwa kwezincwadi ama olunikezwa isinyathelo synergistic ka lutropin futhi follitropin. Kule ndaba, bavame ahlanganiswa ukuba abe ngaphansi jikelele isiqu esithi "gonadotropins".

Thyrotropin: ulwazi olujwayelekile

Uketshezi kwale hormone glycoprotein Kwenziwa njalo nge iyehla iyenyuka ngokwanele abukhali usuku lonke. okuhlushwa sayo esiphezulu nasemkhakheni amahora ezandulela ubuthongo. Ukulawulwa wenziwa umsebenzi ukuxhumana we pituitary futhi yegilo nezindlala. Thyrotropin uketshezi ithuthukisa tetraiodothyronine futhi triiodothyronine. impendulo Kuvaliwe njengoba ezingeni le ngxenye futhi pituitary umsebenzi ngenxa. Kulo mBhalo sikhuluma nokucindezela TSH. Futhi-ke kubambezela uketshezi of glucocorticoids. Ukukhiqizwa anda TSH sesikrini kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa ephakeme emzimbeni. Izici ezinjengokudla, izinzwa, nobuhlungu noma nokulimala, zivimbela uketshezi.

Ithonya thyrotropin

Lokhu i-hormone uyakwazi sesibopho ukuthobisa i yokwamukela ethize kule ndlala amaseli follicular enze ukusabela umzimba. Thyrotropin kunomthelela ukushintsha zonke izinhlobo umzimba, kuyashesha ukuqaliswa iodine bamba kwezidakamizwa kanye synthesis yegilo thyroglobulin. Ukwanda hormone yegilo uketshezi kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa kusebenze hydrolysis ka thyroglobulin.

Thyrotropin umzimba bengqondo bukhula ngenxa RNA anda futhi amaprotheni zamagama. Hormone uzabalaza isinyathelo vnetireoidnoe. Kubonisa ukukhiqizwa lelitfutfukile glycosaminoglycans esikhumbeni, izicubu ongama bese zaorbitalnoy. ngokuvamile Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka hormone, isibonelo, ngokumelene iodine ukuntula. uketshezi ngokweqile TSH goitre, yegilo hyperfunction ukubonakaliswa anda okuqukethwe yegilo steroid (i-hyperthyroidism), exophthalmos (pucheglazija). Konke lokhu ndawonye libizwa-Graves 'disease.

somatotropin

Lokhu i-hormone ikhiqizwa ngokuqhubekayo nge 20-30 ngomzuzu Ukuvutha kumaseli adenogipofizarnyh. uketshezi elawulwayo ka somatostatin futhi somatoliberin eyenziwa (neuropeptides hypothalamic). ukukhiqizwa ekhulile yemiphumela ozokusebenzisa waphawula ngesikhathi sokulala, ikakhulukazi zisaqala.

imiphumela bokuphila

Zihlotshaniswa umthelela ozokusebenzisa ku izinqubo umzimba. Iningi imiphumela bokuphila ayengumlamuleli waso ethize izici humoral, ethanjeni isibindi. Ziyakwazi ngokuthi somatomedins. Endabeni ka kokunikezwa kwe-ndlala pituitary ngesimo uketshezi lenyuka futhi isikhathi eside isenzo i-hormone yezici humoral ku uqwanga iqhubeka. Nokho, waphawula izinguquko lipid kanye carbohydrate umzimba. Ngenxa yalokho, i-hormone ukukhula kuvusa Hyperglycemia ngenxa ukuwohloka ku isibindi imisipha glycogen, futhi okusithiyayo zokuchithwa kwemfucumfucu ekhiqizwa yi-glucose ezicutshini. Ngenxa le hormone kwandisa insulini uketshezi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ozokusebenzisa kuvusa insulinase kusebenze.

Wathi enzyme izenzo deleteriously ku-insulin, ingqondo ukumelana ke ezicutshini. Le nhlanganisela izinqubo kungase kubangele ukuqala sikashukela (sikashukela).

pituitary umsebenzi futhi avele umzimba lipids. Kukhona lula (yokuyekelela) umphumela ozokusebenzisa on imiphumela glucocorticoids futhi catecholamines. Ngenxa yalokho kwavusa lipolysis kwezicubu adipose, anda khulula okunamafutha acid lokuhlushwa igazi, kukhona kumiswa ngokweqile emizimbeni ketone esibindini ngisho kokuziphatha yayo.

Insulin kungenziwa ezihambisana iziyaluyalu echazwe zhirovgo exchange. Endabeni ka kokunikezwa kwe-ndlala pituitary okuyinto lubonakaliswa uketshezi ngokweqile ozokusebenzisa, uma kubonakala ingane isencane, ithuthukiswe gigantism kweqembu ezilinganiselwe isiqu nasemilenzeni. Esikhathini ovuthiwe futhi usakhula ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona ingxenye elikhulayo ukukhula epiphyseal lamathambo lwamathambo, izindawo Ukuqina sekuyenzeka akuphelele. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi acromegaly. Lapho ama-hormone okukhula ukuntula ukubhasha komzimba azalwa naso uhlobo kunjalo, eyaziwa ngokuthi pituitary kukobana iba yifitjhani khulu. Abantu abanjalo ngokuthi njengoba Lilliputians.

prolactin

Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu amahomoni ebaluleke kakhulu le ndlala pituitary ukhiqiza. Imisebenzi emzimbeni wathi steroid wenza ezahlukene. Isikhathi esiningi kuthinta indlala mammary. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isekela i-hormone secretory umsebenzi ukukhiqizwa Corpus luteum futhi progesterone. Prolactin ehilelekile ukulawulwa kwamanzi-usawoti umzimba, ukwehlisa excretion yamanzi futhi electrolyte, kuvusa ukukhula nokuthuthuka izibilini, ke Akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-isazela kwabakhulelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho okhulisa i-hormone ithuthukisa amaprotheni synthesis amanoni carbohydrate Kwabiwa esibangela nangemuva kokuzalwa komntwana isisindo somzimba.

Engemuva nezigaba esimaphakathi: incazelo emfushane

Neurohypophysis isebenza kakhulu uxhaso umsebenzi. Kulo mnyango futhi ethakwa neurohormones paraventricular kanye nuclei supraoptic kule ngxenye - oxytocin futhi vasopressin.

Ngokuqondene division Lesisemkhatsini, kwakhiwa kukhona melanotropin. Lokhu i-hormone is kuhlelwe umqondo melanin kwandisa umthamo sombala khulula kule epidermis, kuqinisa isikhumba nezinwele umbala. Melanotropin wenza umsebenzi ubuchopho peptide izinqubo neurochemical kwimemori.

Ekuphetheni

Ithebula "pituitary Umsebenzi" emelelwa ngezansi ivumela kanje imisebenzi okuxoxwe isitho nangokunquma umsebenzi zezakhi ezivezwa kubo.