Umshuwalense wezimali zabantu. Umthetho ku-Assurance Insurance

Umshuwalense wezinkokhelo eRussian Federation iyindlela ekhethekile yokuvikela imithombo yemali yabakhamuzi. Umqondo oyinhloko wesistimu ukuqinisekisa ukukhokha okusheshayo okuvela kumthombo ozimele wezezimali (isibonelo, isikhwama esikhethekile) ekuqedeni kwenhlangano okugcinwe ngayo imali. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi umshuwalense onomthwalo wemali ephoqelelwe wenziwa kanjani.

Izinzuzo zesistimu

Njengoba okuhlangenwe nakho kwamazwe amaningi athuthukile okwezomnotho kubonisa, ukufaka imali yomshuwalense emabhange njengethuluzi eliphumelelayo lokuxazulula izinkinga ezinzima ze-macroeconomic nezenhlalo. Okokuqala, uhlelo lokuqinisekisa ukugcina imali lusiza ukuvimbela ukwesaba phakathi kwezakhamizi. Lokhu, futhi, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesistimu yasebhange. Kanye nalokhu, i-CER ifaka isandla ekwenzeni ukunciphisa izindleko zomphakathi ekuqedeni imiphumela yenkinga. Umshuwalense wezimali zabantu ngabanye, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukwandisa ukuzethemba komphakathi ezinhlanganweni zezezimali nezesikweletu. Lokhu kudala izinto ezidingekayo zokwenyuka kwesikhathi eside emalini eyimfihlo. Namuhla, umshuwalense we-state deposit ukhona emazweni angu-104 emhlabeni jikelele.

Umshuwalense wezimpahla zabantu baseRussia

Lenziwa ngokusho kwe-Federal Law ehambisanayo. UMthetho We- Deposit Insurance wamukelwa ngo-2003, ngoDisemba 23. Amalungiselelo ayo anquma ukusebenza kwe-CERs, inqubo yokuhlinzeka ngokuqinisekisa. Ngokuyinhloko, ngokuhambisana noMthetho we-Federal, konke ukugcinwa kwezakhamuzi ezibekelwe kuma-akhawunti anikezwe amabhange abhalisiwe eRussia kuncike ekuvikeleni. I-inshuwalense yomuntu siqu ibuye ibuyele kwizimali ezigcinwe emakhadini (ngaphandle kwamakhadi esikweletu), ngoba nazo zisebenza njengama-akhawunti ajwayelekile. Ukuvikelwa kokulondolozwa kwenziwa ngenxa yalo Mthetho we-Federal. Lokhu kusho ukuthi asikho isidingo sokuphetha isivumelwano ngesiqinisekiso. Engxenyeni yaseRussia, i-DIA - I-Deposit Insurance Agency isebenza. Le nhlangano yakhiwa ngo-2004, ngoJanuwari. I-Deposit Insurance Agency inikeza ukulawula nokuphathwa kohlelo. E-Russia, ukubamba iqhaza kuma-CERs kuyingxenye ebalulekile yemisebenzi yezinhlangano eziheha ukugcina nokonga imali yokulondoloza izakhamizi. Kuze kube manje, uhlelo lomshwalense luhlanganisa amabhange angaphezu kuka-800.

Inani lesinxephezelo

Ukubuyiswa kwemali egcinwe enhlanganweni ngokuphathelene nalokho okwenzeka khona umshwalense kuwu-100% wemali eyabanjwe, kodwa hhayi okungaphezu kuka-1 400 000 ruble. Ukulondolozwa kwama-akhawunti wezimali zangaphandle kuhunyushwa ngesilinganiso sokushintshaniswa ngesikhathi kwenzeka umcimbi. Isamba esiphezulu sesinxephezelo - ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-1.4 - esetshenziselwa imali egcinwe ebhange elilodwa kuma-akhawunti ahlukene (noma eyodwa). Ukulondolozwa kwezikhungo ezehlukene zezezimali kunikezwa ngokuzimela komunye nomunye.

Isikhathi Esibalulekile

Ngemuva kokuba inkokhelo yomshuwalense ikhokhwe , ilungelo lokumtshela ukuthi imali leyo idlula inani lemali yokuqinisekisa liyaneliseka ngenqubo yokuqeda izinyathelo zababolekisi besiteji sokuqala. Amalungelo ezitatimende ngenani lezinkokhelo ezikhokhwayo ziya ku-DIA. Uma kwenzeka umnikazi wemali ekhokhwa imali ebolekwe ebhange lapho kwenzeka khona umcimbi onesiqinisekiso, inani lesinxephezelo liyancishiswa inani lemibandela yokuphikisana kwemali kanye nenhlangano yezikweletu njengosuku lokuqedwa kwemisebenzi yalo.

Amacala enxephezelo

UMthetho ubeka izimo ezilandelayo lapho isinxephezelo sikhokhwa kubanikazi:

1. Ukukhansela (ukukhipha) kwelayisense.
2. Ukwethulwa kokuhlehliswa yiBhange laseRussia ngokuziphatha kwezimali.

Izinkokhelo zokuvuselelwa ziqala zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu zokusebenza kusukela ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa ku-DIA yamadokhumenti, kodwa kungakapheli amasonto amabili kusukela ngosuku lokutholakala kwanoma yiziphi izimo ezingenhla. Ukubuyiselwa kwemali okukhokhwa kwenziwa kwihhovisi le-Agency (uma kwenzeka ukuthi inani lemali kanye nenombolo yabanikazi bamasheya bancane), noma kwelinye lamanye amayunithi agunyaziwe, noma ngeposi. Ngesinye isimo ngasinye, inqubo ethize yokuhlinzeka isinxephezelo isungulwa.

Ukungafani

Umshuwalense awuhambisani nalokhu:

1. Izikhwama kuma-akhawunti wabakwa-notaries nabameli, uma zivulekile ukukhiqizwa kwemisebenzi yobuchwepheshe, enikezwe yi-Federal Law.
2. Iminikelo yokufaka.
3. Imali idluliselwa ngaphandle kokuvula i-akhawunti.
4. Ama-deposit kwezinye izingxenye zangaphandle zamabhange asekhaya.
5. Izikhwama kuma-akhawunti engaziwa ngama-akhawunti.
6. Ukulondolozwa kudluliselwe enhlanganweni yebhange ekuphathweni kwethemba.
7. Imali, ehlose ukubalwa kuphela ukusebenzisa izindlela ze-elektroniki zokwenza izinkokhelo ngaphandle kokuvula i-akhawunti kumabhizinisi wezezimali nezesikweletu.

Isisekelo sezezimali

Umshuwalense wezimpahla zabantu ngabanye uqhutshwa ngokusekelwa kwesiKhwama esizimele. Ubukhulu bayo kusukela ngo-Meyi 7, 2014 kwakuyi-ruble eyi-195.7 billion. (I-Minus i-reserve esungulwe ngokukhokhwa kwemali ekhokhwayo - ama-ruble angu-157.6 wezigidigidi.) Imithombo eyinhloko yezezimali yokwakheka kweSikhwama iyinhlangano yomhlaba yomhlaba - ama-ruble angu-7.9 wezigidigidi, kanye nemali yebhange yomshuwalense kanye nenzuzo evela ekutshalweni kwezimali kusuka kumali yayo. Iminikelo ihlanganisiwe kuyo yonke izinhlangano zezimali nezesikweletu futhi kufanele ikhokhwe ngekota. I-tariff inqunywa iBhodi labaqondisi be-DIA. Okwamanje, isilinganiso sesilinganiso esingu-0.1% senani elilinganiselwe lokugcinwa kwabantu ngabashuwalense ekota elifanele.

Amaqiniso omlando

Kusukela umzuzwana lapho umshuwalense wezinhlamvu zabantu beqala ukusebenza, inani lesinxephezelo liye landa izikhathi ezingu-14. Esikhathini sokuqala kwakuyi-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Kusukela ngo-Agasti 2006, izinkokhelo zenyukile zaba yi-rubles angu-190 000, kusukela ngoMashi 2007 kuya ku-400,000, kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2008 kuya ku-700,000 ruble. Ngo-2014, i-State Duma yamukele ukuchitshiyelwa, ngokusho ukuthi inani elingakanani lezinxephezelo laliyi-ruble million 1.4. Amacala omshuwalense angaphezulu kuka-180 okwenzeka phakathi nesikhathi sonke se-CER.

Okuningi ku-Uchibiyelo

Ukuphindaphindiwe kwenkampani yesibambiso kwakungenxa yokwethuka kwabakhombisi. Ngokusho kwababhange, lesi sinyathelo se-State Duma sinomqondo omuhle, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba nesandla ekuphumeni kwezimali. IKomidi Lemakethe Yezezimali yanquma ukusekela le phrojekthi. Umhlangano ubanjwe imodi engavumelani nayo futhi yayifihliwe izintatheli. Njengoba kuboniswe yinhloko yeKomidi le-Burykin, ukuchitshiyelwa akuzange kuthuthukiswe ngokwanele ngaleso sikhathi, futhi ukuze kugweme ukungafani, ingxoxo kufanele iqhutshwe ngaphandle kwabamele abezindaba.

I-ajenda yomhlangano

Ikomidi lalizocubungula imithetho emibili ebhaliwe. Owokuqala kwakuzokwandisa inkokhelo yomshuwalense ngesigamu, kanti okwesibili - ukwakha iqembu labaphathi beqembu eliphakathi, elizobhekana nokuqiniswa kwesimo semakethe yaseRussia. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izinkinga zezindaba zithinta ingxoxo.

Izizathu zokubuyisela ukubuyisela

Isidingo sokwamukelwa okuphuthumayo kwesilinganiso esinjalo kwakubangelwa ukuphuma okukhulu kwemali ezivela kubakhamuzi abane-akhawunti ye-ruble. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2014 kwaba ngama-ruble angaba ngu-216 billion. Mayelana nenkinga yezezimali eyaqala ngoDisemba, ingozi yokuphuma ikhuphuke kakhulu. Abanini bamabhange bakhomba isifiso esikhulu sabaseRussia sokudlulisela imali yabo kuma-akhawunti angaphandle kwezimali, kanye nokutshalwa kwemali endaweni. Ngokusho kuka-Aksakov, umongameli wenhlangano ethi "iRussia", ukwandisa ubukhulu bomshuwalense kuzobangela ukugeleza kwemali ezinkampanini zezimali ezifuywayo. Njengobungqina besikhundla sakhe, ukhulumela isimo ngo-2008. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakukhona ukuphuma kwemali, okuyi-7%. Emva kokwandisa inani lemshuwalense kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-700. Izindleko zezakhamuzi zanda ngo-Okthoba ngo-10%.

Umsebenzi we-DIA ezimweni ezintsha

Ngokwemukelwa kokuchitshiyelwa kwenyusa isinxephezelo somshuwalense, njengamanothi ka-Aksakov, uhlelo lokunikezwa kwesikhwama alukwazi ukushintsha noma yikuphi ukushintsha. Ngokunciphisa okukhulu ekugcinweni kwe-DIA, ingafaka isicelo semali mboleko eBhange Elikhulu. Lokhu kungenzeka kunikezwe yi-Federal Law kuma-CERs. Njengoba u-Isayev (inhloko ye-ejensi) ephawula, isinqumo esenziwe sithinta umsebenzi we-corporation, kodwa kwakungekho isidingo sokusebenza ku-Central Bank okwamanje.

Amathuba engeziwe ezakhamuzi

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, abanki bamabhange bacabanga ukuthi ukwandisa inani lokukhokhela izinkampani zomshuwalense isinqumo esihle kakhulu. Njengamanje, usayizi ojwayelekile wamakhokhethi wabantu yi-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-500. Lesi sibalo esincane kakhulu singenxa yokuthi abaningi baphula imali yabo futhi bavula ama-akhawunti abo ezikhungweni zezimali ezehlukene ukuze banciphise izingozi. Uma inani le-premium yomshuwalense likhuphuka, abakwa-depositors bazokwazi ukuqoqa imali enkulu ebhange elilodwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwanda kwenkokhelo kuyisiqinisekiso esengeziwe sikaHulumeni. Lokhu, kanye nabanye kubangele nokwandisa ukuthembela emkhakheni wezimali wekhaya. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, ngokusho kwamabhanki, ukwamukelwa kwesichibiyelo kuzokwehlisa izinga lokukhansela nokukhethwa kwamalayisense ukuze kugweme ukwandisa umthwalo esikhwameni somshuwalense.