Incazelo, izici, izithombe Orinoco

Orinoco - omunye emfuleni izinhlelo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lena emfuleni oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke futhi othakazelisayo eNingizimu Melika. Emifuleni yakhona amakhulu eminyaka ukuheha bamazwe, naphezu ubunjalo esiyingozi futhi iyingozi.

Umlando yokutholakala

Kusukela kuvulwa emfuleni South America Orinoco kwaba ezingafinyeleleki isikhathi eside ngenxa jungle yayo kuyo, futhi ngenxa yokungazi ukuthi bakuphi. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ke ingatholakala amarekhodi Hristofora Kolumba eziphathelene ngohambo lwakhe lwesithathu. Owathola wabona kuphela delta we Orinoco, kodwa ukuvulwa isithombe sakhe ehlaselwa ubuhle bayo.

Kule emfuleni exhunywe ne igama yaseSpain Diego De Ordaz, osechithe ingxenye yokuphila kwakhe uzama ukuthola indawo ongaqondakali Eldorado. Nguye owokuqala wakwazi ukufunda imvelo Orinoco. Ngo 1531, abacwaningi eJalimane Ambrosius Ehinger inqume ukuhlola emfuleni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, eziningana uhlamvu nezinye mikhankaso ucwaningo lenzeka. Ngeshwa, incazelo emfuleni Orinoco ngalezo zikhathi akazange behlele kithi.

Mayelana khumbula wakhe kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, lapho umhloli wamazwe German Alexander von Humboldt ebekwe ukufunda ubunjalo eNingizimu Melika. Nguye wachaza izitshalo okhule eduze loMfula Orinoco, kanye nezilwane ezihlala amanzi alo. Umthombo kwesigubhu Kuye kwatholakala kuphela maphakathi nawo wangekhulu lama-20.

I ezindawo indawo Phakathi kwesitaladi sawo nomfula lingakanani

Orinoco River, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, itholakala eNingizimu Melika. umthombo wayo siyakhuthazeka emngceleni Venezuela ne-Brazil. Umfula evela sentaba eseduze Delgado Chalbaud Guinea ezinkangala.

Cishe zonke-Orinoco kugeleza Venezuela, kodwa kwezinye izingxenye ke amanga e-Colombia. Ukudlulisa engxenyeni esenyakatho nezwekazi, umfula ugeleza eGulf of Paria, futhi ukusuka lapho e-Atlantic Ocean.

Ubude River Orinoco - 2736 km, okwenza kube omunye amadamu elide kakhulu eNingizimu Melika. etincenyeni letehlukene ububanzi kusukela km 250 m kuya ku-10. Phakathi izikhukhula we Orinoco kungenzeka wathela 22 km ububanzi. I lomfula ukujula akuyona enkulu - waso eliphakeme ifinyelela 100 m.

Ubunjalo River Orinoco

Navigation phezu Orinoco lilinganiselwe futhi okuyingozi kakhulu. River ezokuthutha idluliswa kuphela endaweni yezicebi semifula. Lesi isilinganiso kudingekile ngenxa kokuhlukana yohlamvu kwesigubhu. Lapha, njalo ngemva kwamahora 6-7 kukhona amagagasi abalulekile, okuyinto ukuvimbela izitsha ukuhambisa. Umbuso emfuleni Orinoco incike isikhathi sonyaka kanye isizini. Ngo nenkathi eyomile, sikhule size sibe uhlelo elinamachibi emaxhaphozini, futhi liyana - lisakazeka.

Phakathi Orinoco emfuleni emthonjeni - eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Nomthombo kancane kancane ibheke ku-arc. Khona-ke, isiqondiso River Orinoco siyashintsha. Ngulona logeleta nasenyakatho ngasenyakatho-mpumalanga. Lapho, umfula uthululela e-Atlantic Ocean. Izinga ukugeleza kwamanzi njalo besilinganiso phezu kwawo wonke obuphelele, ngaphandle esikhundleni umthombo. Njengoba emfuleni avela ezintabeni, endaweni ngulona logeleta ngokushesha kunokuba emathafeni.

Relief nemingenela

Esikhathini sifinyelela engenhla River Orinoco kuyinto inani elikhulu izimpophoma bonke osayizi. Lokhu kungenxa ebusweni ezinamadwala engalingani ndawo. Ezingxenyeni ezingaphakathi ephansi futhi phakathi Orinoco River sezwe uyisicaba.

Eduzane Orinoco Delta kakhulu branched, ukwakha inqwaba nemingenela nasemachibini amaningi. Siyabonga kubo, le ndawo olunothile ikakhulukazi. Nemingenela lomfula ahlukile, kusukela, naphezu emthonjeni ofanayo, ngamunye wabo umbala ngamunye kanye nokusungulwa amanzi esiyingqayizivele. Izinga amanzi kuwo akulona njalo njengoba incike inani kwezulu. Esikhathini eyomile isizini ziyamaniswa nokungangeni kakhulu wome noma vula ku emachibini amancane

Omunye nemingenela we Orinoco - Casiquiare uxhuma ngayo umfula edume kakhulu futhi ogeleza ngokugcwele eNingizimu Melika - Amazon.

Nezilwane esisempumalanga yoMfula Orinoco

Nezilwane kohlelo Orinoco emfuleni uhlukile. It has mayelana 700 zama-eziphilayo. amanzi eMfuleni igcwele izinhlanzi. Lihlala eels kagesi eyikati, amakhilogremu ambalwa, okwaphela amakhulu eminyaka amaningi fed bendawo. Noma kunjalo, akufanele ukuba wesabe piranha nezingwenya atholakala lapha ngokuchichimayo. endaweni Orinoco - iyikhaya izinkulungwane zezinyoni. Lihlala ibises ebomvu, Flamingo, zopholi ezimibalabala. On the amabhange ungahlangana izimfudu giant nezinye ezihuquzelayo. Ezansi emfuleni uhlalwe izinkawu eziningi - capuchins, izimfamona ezimelene, macaques, kanye nabamele umndeni ikati - ocelots jaguar, Pumas nabanye.

Izivakashi eziningi ukuhamba enhla noMfula Orinoco ethembeni yokubona enezinhlwathi omkhulu. Kodwa nalapha ungathola zezinyoni ezingavamile kakhulu - pink futhi grey emfuleni amahlengethwa, giant emfuleni imithini, nama-manatee kokudla futhi silwane eziyivelakancane emhlabeni - Orinoco Ingwenya. Namuhla, lezo zinhlobo ngokuhlolisisa ezisengozini futhi kuthathwe wokuvikela.

I izitshalo emfuleni

Ihlathi ezikhulayo kanye umfula ugcwele. Ngakho-ke, impilo plant aluhlaza futhi zihlukahlukene. Esikhathini sifinyelela engezansi emfuleni Flora kwabantu ezahlukene ngenxa inani elikhulu imivini ezenza izindawo zendawo esingaweleki. Nokho, labo ukuphatha ukuhamba Orinoco amahlathi zibanjwa bromeliad ngobuningi izimbali nama-orchid.

Phakathi kwemithi ubuswa lomhlume. izimpande zabo wehlele ngqo emanzini, lapho ukudla okulungiselelwe. amahlathi eziningi okuxubile ngobuningi sikhule izihlahla ezinde, izihlahla ahlukahlukene izithelo.

Inani emfuleni empilweni kwezomnotho yomuntu

KwaBantu eduze ogwini Orinoco cishe akekho. Nokho, kukhona izizwe eminingi yabomdabu, okuyiwona emfuleni iye yaba umthombo ukudla hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi engeziwe okwenza inzuzo. Ngakho, friendly Warao Indian ezizweni ezazakhelene nawo ezazihlala abaye baphila lapha iminyaka eminingi. Izindlu zabo sokhuni esincane eyakhelwe phezu kwezinsika, kanti ukunqoba amanzi. Ngaphezu okudoba, basuke benza kwezokuthutha zezivakashi kuze kufike emfuleni Orinoco. Igama elithi "Warao" kusho "isikebhe abantu", eduze unjalo isizwe bakudala uxhuma ukuphila wakhe ngamanzi.

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke imizi ezimbalwa Orinoco River - lokhu Ciudad Guayana. Kwaba eceleni kwakhe phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule wakhela nezimbobo. Lokhu kwaba umphumela ukuthola nsimbi namanye amaminerali. Okwamanje, umsebenzi ore ukucutshungulwa uyaqhubeka. kwesigubhu Futhi phezu komfula isifakiwe nemishini ephehla ugesi ngamanzi.

Okusanda ngokwedlulele ukuthi lezizindawo zezikhotha olubanzi ezishisayo Orinoco umcengezi isetshenziselwa ukwaluka imfuyo. Lokhu kubandakanya nomkhwezeli, njengoba imihlambi izilwane unyathele utshani udle inqwaba izitshalo, kanye nokucekelwa phansi inhlabathi kanye evundile.

Ukuvakasha emfuleni Orinoco

Izivakashi base Orinoco River basungula muva nje. Namuhla kule ndawo ekhangayo bamazwe yangempela. Izivakashi uphiwa elithakazelisayo isikebhe uhambo, okuvumela ukuhlola yonke imigudu emfuleni, ukuze simbone ne yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, uthinte isiko Kweminyaka bendawo.

Izikhangibavakashi Orinoco akunakubangelwa ezifana kakhulu namuhla, iBhayibheli isiqondiso njengoba eco-tourism. Ezindaweni eziningi lapha isetshenzwe futhi acwebile. Abezokuvakasha izinhlelo eziningi ukuze ivumelane konke akuthandayo. Kuye izintandokazi zakho, ungakwazi ukuthatha kobhukuda, isikebhe, inhlanzi (ikakhulukazi Piranha ethandwa), ukuhamba ngezinyawo ehlathini ukuvakashela leyo ndawo Warao. Kukhona imini nobusuku izinhlelo.