Isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu Spanish Manuel Castells: Biography nesithombe

Manuel Castells - sezokuhlalisana kwabantu Spanish nge ukubukwa leftist, owachitha ukuphila kwakhe etadisha ulwazi umphakathi, ukuxhumana kanye ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke. Ukulandisa Index of Social Sciences ukubukeza iminyaka 2000-2014, umnikeza yesihlanu ososayensi ekhonjiwe kakhulu emhlabeni abezindaba. He is winner Holberg Prize (2012) ngokuzinikela kwakhe imfundiso yokuziphendukela ulwazi (post-ezimbonini) umphakathi. Ngonyaka olandelayo u-ukhishwa Balzan Award emkhakheni wesayensi yokuhlalisana kwabantu. Phela, lo Holberg Prize kuyinto analogue KaNobel, kuphela ngesayensi yezenhlalo kanye humanities. Ngalesi sikhathi, uManuel Castells iyona Umqondisi uMnyango Ucwaningo wesayensi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu, University of Cambridge, futhi kubuye uprofesa izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme e-Los Angeles futhi Berkeley.

Esakhula

Manuel Castells wazalwa ngo edolobheni elincane uHellin esifundazweni waseSpain Albacete (La Mancha) ngo-1942. Kube ekhula futhi wachitha eseyingane. Kodwa ebusheni bakhe isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu esisebenza esizayo wathutha njalo. Wayehlala Albacete, Madrid, Cartagena, Valencia kanye Barcelona. Abazali bakhe wayevela emkhayeni olandelanayo kakhulu. Njengomuntu osemusha, uManuel waya eSpain Franco sika, eseyingane kwadingeka ukuba simelane zonke izindawo ezisizungezile yakhe. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlala, yena ngaba nesithakazelo kwezombangazwe njengoba iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Ekhatsi Barcelona, abantu abasha baya eyunivesithi nakwezomnotho wafundelwa futhi umthetho. Kukhona yena wajoyina komhlaba anti-Francoist umfundi ukunyakaza "Desk Front". Umsebenzi wakhe yabakhanga abophiko lwezokuphepha yezwe, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukubotshwa abangane bakhe, ngokuqondene nalokho Manuel waphoqeleka yathuthela France.

Ukuqala i-career zezemfundo

Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili, uManuel Castells iziqu eSorbonne. Khona-ke waloba doctorate e kwabantu ngesikhathi University of Paris. Omunye wothisha bakhe kwaba Alen Turen. Ngezinye iminyaka engamashumi amabili nane, Castells bekulokhu ngomfundisi emanyuvesi amaningana French. Khona-ke waqala ukutadisha nezindaba ezisemadolobheni kanye indlela imfundiso ucwaningo nomphakathi kanye kwabantu ezisemadolobheni. Waze ithuba ukufundisa abadumile Daniel Cohn-Bendit e-University of Paris West - Nanterre-La Defense. Kodwa kusukela lapho-ke waxoshwa ngokuqondene usekelo lwe umbhikisho wabafundi ka-1968. Wabe eseba womfundisi ngesikhathi Graduate School of Social Sciences, lapho ayesebenza khona kuze 1979.

Kamuva ekuphileni

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-70-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule, uManuel Castells waba uprofesa yokuhlalisana kwabantu California Berkeley. Wabuye waba isisusa isiyalo ezifana "ukuhlela zasemadolobheni kanye zesifunda." Ekhaya naye akazange azikhohlwe - Yiqiniso, ngemva kokufa Franco. Esikhathini-yalolucwaningo 80-90 wasebenza njengoba umqondisi we-Institute of Sociology okusha Technologies ngesikhathi Autonomous University of Madrid. Ngo-2001 wamiswa njengephayona elivamile Uprofesa Barcelona. Lesi sikhungo yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Open University. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wamenywa ukuba abathethise ezikoleni eziningi okusezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni jikelele. Kusukela 2003, Castells waba uprofesa zokuxhumana e-University of Southern California. Wabuye uphokophele Centre for Public Zezombusazwe ngalesi sikhungo. Kusukela ngo-2008 nalapho eyilungu lebhodi-European Institute of Ukuqamba Nobuchwepheshe. Uhlala eSpain USA, zichitha isikhathi esiningi kwenye noma kwenye indawo.

Ubudlelwano ne Russia kanye nobumfihlo

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-usosayensi kangaka njengoba Manuel Castells, ukutadisha edolobheni nezinkinga zayo futhi kwaba Umfutho ubudlelwano siqu. Isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu abavela emhlabeni jikelele wafika iSoviet Union ngo-1984 emhlanganweni we International lwezenhlalo Association owawuba edolobheni laseNovosibirsk. Elapho, watholana no-Russian yesayensi Emmoy Kiselevoy, kamuva owashada kuye. Ngemva kokuwa eU.SSR Castells wafika Russia neqembu abeluleki angaphandle guqula ukuhlela, kodwa nezincomo zayo babebhekwa njengezinhlanya kungamukeleki. Noma kunjalo, waqhubeka ukubhala izincwadi nezihloko mayelana yesimanje ulwazi umphakathi. Abanye babo enikelwe indima nendawo yeRussia. Yalotshwa ngokubambisana Emmoy Kiselevoy. Kuthathwa ukuba izincwadi Russian ukuthi Castells post-Marxists, kodwa usosayensi yena ngempela ezibucayi imibono lamaKhomanisi futhi ekholelwa ukuthi ukuqaliswa yimuphi utopia kuholela kobushiqela.

Theory ka Manuelya Kastelsa

Lokhu isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu, kuyinto umlobi wezincwadi amabili futhi izihloko ezingaphezu kwekhulu. Izinkinga zokuphila ezisemadolobheni babe isihloko imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala. Kodwa hhayi kuphela unesithakazelo usosayensi ezifana Manuel Castells. imisebenzi Major abazinikele cwaningo izinhlangano zayo kanye nezikhungo, indima-Inthanethi emphakathini, ukunyakaza social, isiko kanye wezomnotho kwezombangazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthiwa lokhu Castells ingenye sezokuhlalisana kwabantu enkulu yesimanje onguchwepheshe emkhakheni lolwazi mayelana umphakathi ulwazi. Izinto azibhala zaba ngale ndaba Kuhlolwa njengendlela Classic. Usosayensi nentshisekelo isimo indoda kanye nomphakathi umongo izinqubo kwe-Internet emhlabeni wonke. Wabuye uphenyo izinkinga ushintsho kwezenhlalo, okwakukhona kulo yi intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe. Wayinikela ekubhujisweni trilogy wakhe omkhulukazi "Ulwazi Ubudala:. Umnotho, umphakathi kanye namasiko" Umqulu wokuqala ubizwa ngokuthi "Ukuvela umphakathi inethiwekhi," yesibili - "Amandla ungubani", kanti eyesithathu - "Ukuphela Millennium". Lokhu trilogy iye yabangela okuningi mpikiswano imvelo ngokwesayensi. Kwakuyisikhathi ethandwa qhuba umsebenzi "Galaxy Inthanethi".

Manuel Castells: nomqondo imodi Imininingwane yentuthuko

Ubuchwepheshe obusha we yoma senza izinguquko ezinkulu isakhiwo ezenhlalo nezomnotho emphakathini. Ngokwanele ngendlela elukhuni steel mpo isikhungo futhi esikhundleni amanethiwekhi - nezimo, futhi ezithathekayo nendawo ngamakhasimende. Kuyinto ngabo manje kwenziwe namandla, kanye nokwabelana imithombo, nokuningi. Ukuze Castells kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze ukhombise ukuthi kwamaZwe emkhakheni ibhizinisi kanye namasiko, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kolwazi nobuchwepheshe - lo mkhuba kuncikene kanye nolimi. Yonke imikhakha yempilo, kusukela kwezombusazwe uthi ezinkulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwabantu abavamile washintsha, ukuwela kunethiwekhi yomhlaba. Lezi ubuchwepheshe avuselwa eziphakeme libonwe yesimanje umphakathi Inani ngolwazi ageleza. Theorists post-industrialism nalo liyavela, kodwa aba kuphela efakwe Manuel Castells. Inkathi yolwazi lobuchwepheshe, esiyibonayo ngalesi sikhathi, uye wenza ulwazi kanye ukudluliselwa angumtfombo umkhiqizo namandla.

Njengoba umphakathi isibe inethiwekhi

Manuel Castells ihlaziya izici zalesi simo. Omunye izici inkathi yolwazi lobuchwepheshe inethiwekhi ukuthuthukiswa isakhi umphakathi neketanga ethile enengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphakathi washintsha ngemuva kuyashesha kwembulunga yonke futhi kuwukuphikisana, okuyinto ubuhlungu abantu embulungeni yonke. Umnyombo lezi zinguquko, ngokuvumelana Castells nolwazi processing kanye nezokuxhumana ubuchwepheshe. Ikakhulukazi, indima enkulu eyadlalwa le-Silicon Valley nge umkhakha computer yakhe. Imiphumela nemiphumela yalesi babé ukumboza zonke izindawo umsebenzi womuntu. Omunye wabo kwakungu-, ngokuvumelana Manuel Castells, umphakathi inethiwekhi. It omula logic of izinguquko ohlelweni social, futhi kuholela yokuthi lo mkhuba aphumelela kakhulu ikhono nezimo, ukuhlelwa kabusha. Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, kwezomnotho, futhi, isibe nemiphumela ezinjalo. Phela, imisebenzi esemqoka, ezifana dolobha, ukusebenza, izinto zokusetshenziswa, ubuchwepheshe, izimakethe ihlelwe, njengoba umthetho, embulungeni yonke ngokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi ukuhlanganisa ama-ejenti ukusebenza.

Manuel Castells: "Amandla ukuxhumana"

Omunye imisebenzi zokugcina zalesi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu ezinkulu besikhathi sethu, abhalwe 2009, kodwa muva nje zihunyushelwe isiRashiya, kuyinto incwadi phezu izinqubo zombusazwe zosuku, abezindaba emhlabeni ne-inthanethi. Kubonisa ukuthi amandla umsebenzi ubuchwepheshe, usebenzisa eziqhakambisa zomphakathi ezinye umcimbi noma mkhuba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxhumana nomthelela emakethe yezabasebenzi, ukunikeza amathuba amasha amaphekula, kanye phambili yokuthi wonke umuntu kule planethi akuyona kuphela umthengi, kodwa futhi umthombo wokwaziswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi ngobuchwepheshe kwenza okholwayo wangakwazi ukulawula ukwazi. Abazange kuphela kwaholela ekusungulweni kwe- "bacabanga amathangi" esetshenziswa ezinkulu izindaba "imikhomo" kodwa futhi 'ngezansi "inqubo okuphambene, lapho imiyalezo embalwa wacosha nge igagasi zokuxhumana, kungaholela ukuqhuma, ikhono ukushintsha uhlelo.