Imisebenzi best of Pasternak B:. Uhlu amaqiniso athakazelisayo kanye nokubuyekeza

UBoris Pasternak - imbongi Russian futhi umbhali. Wabuye ungumnikazi izinguqulo engcono kaShakespeare nezinye zabuna angaphandle. Pasternak waklonyeliswa uMklomelo KaNobel. Ukuze lokho incwadi umbhali Russian sathola indondo ophezulu? Futhi yini indima eyadlalwa isenzakalo esenzeka ekuphileni kwakhe? imisebenzi Pasternak sika - isihloko sihloko.

biography

UBoris Pasternak Ngazalelwa eMoscow, emndenini zokudala. Owami ubaba wayeyisidakwa, umculi. Umama - wopiyano. indlu Pasternak sika zazigcinwa enhliziyweni kwesihloko. Imbongi kusuka ebuntwaneni sizungezwe abaculi. Indlu zazivame ukuhanjwa abalobi ezidumile, abaculi kanye abaculi. Omunye efulethini Pasternak wavakashela ngisho Rilke. Ukujwayeleka nembongi isiJalimane, umqambi Scriabin nabanye abantu abavelele baba neqhaza elibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-ubuntu zokudala.

imisebenzi Pasternak zibonisa okuvelayo ayamukela njengoba ingane. Ngolunye usuku, wawa ngaphansi amagalelo ababhikishi babuthana Butcher. Ngakho ukuba awabhale kweminyaka kwelinye izinkondlo zakhe. yena, Imbongi esizayo kuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme. Othisha hit ukuphikelela okuqinile nokukhuthazela kwentombazane. Ukufuna ukuphelela akuyona ukuba ashiye ukuphila kwakhe.

UBoris Pasternak, wathola iziqu Faculty of Law eMoscow. Watadisha nefilosofi eJalimane. Nabazali bakhe, wahambela Venice ngo-1912. Abanye imisebenzi Pasternak, ezibhaliwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu, ukudlulisa izinkumbulo evakashele eYurophu.

Ngo-1921, umndeni kwesokunxele Russia. Abazali nodadewabo bazinza Berlin. Imbongi yena selokhu 1936 ngezikhathi wahlala Peredelkino. umbhali Russian futhi imbongi, washona ngo-1960. Wembelwa emathuneni, etholakala eduze emzaneni yembhali Peredelkino.

Ukuqala lokusungula

Ngemva kokubuya eJalimane, imbongi esizayo wanquma ukuchitha kusukela manje esikhathini esiningi esifundweni wefilosofi. Lesikhatsi lesi futhi ekuqaleni endleleni yakhe yobuciko. imisebenzi Pasternak bokuqala badalwa bedle imisebenzi Russian Futurists. Phakathi izimbongi ababenolwazi ku luthela ithonya tetemibhalo, okokuqala kunakho konke, kumelwe kuphawulwe uVladimir Mayakovsky.

Imisebenzi edume kakhulu Pasternak, uhlu okuyinto abekwe ngezansi, zadalwa emva kwempi. Kodwa iqoqo lokuqala Tindzaba kwakhe eyanyatheliswa ngo-1913. Nokho, ifake umsebenzi wakhe nje kuphela kodwa futhi izinkondlo nezinye izimbongi.

Ngo-1916 wanyathelisa incwadi "Ngenhla Izithiyo". Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe imbongi ngaleso sikhathi kwakwaziwa emibuthanweni etemibhalo uBoris Pasternak kahle. Imisebenzi ezifakwe kuleli qoqo: "iMarburg", "Yard", "esibhakabhakeni ebusika", "Injabulo", "Echo", "Amahlolamvula", "Ural ngokokuqala", "Isivunguvungu Seqhwa" "Nqamula-up" nabanye.

"Dadewethu wami - Life"

Leli qoqo yanyatheliswa ngo-1922. Ukuhlanganiswa umqondo ezivamile kulesi sikhathi imisebenzi Pasternak sika. Uhlu izinkondlo kufakwe iqoqo "Dadewethu wami - Life":

1. "Waltz ngezinyembezi."
2. "Ukuphila".
3. "Februwari, ukuze uthole ink nikhale!".
4. "Isiteshi".

Izinkumbulo esakhula Pasternak kuhlangene zingoma. Lolu hlu olungenhla ngokuqinisekile alupheli. Iningi izinkondlo ezifakwe kuleli qoqo zadalwa ngo-1917. Futhi kule minyaka emibili ngaphambi yanyatheliswa Pasternak wabhala inkondlo "Nine namashumi ngomnyaka wesihlanu", "Spektorsky", "kusho uLieutenant Schmidt".

temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba

Esikhathini eko ngasekupheleni, uBoris Pasternak ngabhala nenkondlo kancane. Ephenduka ukuze namaprozi. Ekuqaleni base encane eseyi, Umlando. Ngo-1930 wanyathelisa incwadi "Safe Yokuziphatha". Phakathi nale nkathi, amandla kwakungekaNkulunkulu umbhali kunalokho kahle. Nokho, ngokushesha kwawo nesihloko kumbhali esizayo kule noveli "Doctor Zhivago" ishintshile.

ku Doghouse

Esikhathini esithile Pasternak ziphathwe ngenhlonipho ezithile ngisho ukuhlonishwa uStalin. Ngemuva kokuboshwa kwala Gumilev wabhala kuye incwadi futhi phakathi nayo wacela ukuba kukhululwe imbongi. Isicelo senziwe. Futhi ngokushesha wakhululwa. Kodwa ubudlelwane phakathi Pasternak futhi uhulumeni wamaSoviet baye ukudukiswa ngo-1936. Kusukela imbongi waqala ukuba zitshele okuqukethwe yamaSoviet, okuyinto emibhalweni yakhe bokungamele. Pasternak, esikhundleni salokho, asikwazanga siyahlangabezana nale mfuneko. Ngo izinkondlo zakhe yaqala ukubonakala kakhudlwana futhi ngokucace kakhudlwana shades ezibuhlungu.

Translations

Esikhathini forties, kancane wabhala uBoris Pasternak. Famous imisebenzi kaShakespeare, Goethe, Schiller zase zidluliselwa kubo. Ngakho wabasindisa yena nomkhaya wakhe basuke ukuntula imali. Kepha kamuva wavuma ukuthi wahlala iminyaka yakhe phambili ku-Ukudluliselwa, kuyilapho ukwazi ukwakha eningi lyric futhi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba isebenza. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku, umbhali kwaba ngo Doghouse. On ukushicilelwa lemisebenzi yakhe, lokuthi aphume umbuzo.

Pasternak, ogama engcono isebenza kuphela in the Eighties sekwephuzile kwakwaziwa abafundi Soviet, waba avuselelwa ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Ngo-1988, inoveli "Udokotela Zhivago" yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo eSoviet Union. Kwaba kuphela nineties langena uhlelo izinkondlo ukuthi wabhala uBoris Pasternak.

UMklomelo KaNobel

Yimuphi umsebenzi wayengaphuli ukhishwa umbhali wale umklomelo ohlonishwa? Le noveli "Doctor Zhivago", eyanyatheliswa ngo-1958 e elaseSoviet Union engafundwa kuphela inani elilinganiselwe abantu. UMklomelo KaNobel, waklonyeliswa umbhali ngegalelo lakhe ekuthuthukiseni nendumezulu inoveli Russian. nezikhulu zaseSoviet njengoba incwadi "Doctor Zhivago" wayebizwa ngokuthi smear. Ezweni lonke, waqala kokuyenga.

Pasternak waxoshwa Writers 'Union. Mayelana naye sakhiwa izihloko uthukuthele abalobi abavelele, kuhlanganise Sergei Mikhalkov. abameleli Semiofficial nephrozi Soviet yafuna ukuphuca umbhali kule noveli impikiswano yisakhamuzi futhi zixoshwa ezweni. Pasternak, ukuze kujabule izitha zakhe, nibeke, kodwa wayaziwa kahle kakhulu e-Europe. Okumangalisayo kwaba iqiniso lokuthi le ncwadi wagxekwa ngabaningi. Kodwa cishe okwakungekho noyedwa kubo owayeyilindele ulifunde.

Kamuva, imbongi wabhala ngenkondlo okuthiwa "uMklomelo KaNobel". Ngenxa yalesi umsebenzi ebizelwa le Lubyanka. Lesi sikhathi empeleni esongelwa bemangalelwa "umbuso." Kodwa, ngenhlanhla akwenzekanga lutho.

Ngakho, Pasternak waba wesibili Russian kaNobel sezincwadi. Eyokuqala Ivan Bunin. Le noveli, okuyiwona yena yanikezelwa umklomelo, ngokuthi nehlazo eside ezweni lakubo. Wawusho umsebenzi okwabangela inzondo eningi?

"Doctor Zhivago"

Umkhiqizo eye yabangela isiphepho yentukuthelo ucoca isiphetho indodana usomabhizinisi ungeke uzithole usuwile. I protagonist - Yuri Zhivago - inzalo umndeni kanye ocebile. Kodwa uyise ayembusise wayesaphaze wonke umcebo carousing. The hero noveli wathatha kwezemfundo Gromeko unkosikazi. Yuri ikhula kanye nendodakazi yabo, Tonya, kamuva yayiyoba umkakhe.

Yuri iziqu zobudokotela. Ngesinye isikhathi, lapho ngineminyaka engu-usengumfundi, washumayela endaweni yesehlakalo edabukisayo: Intombazane esencane wenza umzamo ukubulala ummeli eMoscow owaziwa Komarovsky. Lo muntu owayeke esebeké isandla sakhe uyincithakalo ophilayo uyise antule ukuzithiba. Yuri njalo ukukhumbula intombazane, zama ukudubula Komarovsky. Igama lakhe kwakungu Larissa. Waba leso sithandwa sakhe, ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, lapho Yuri kwaba udokotela esinye sezibhedlela yesifundazwe.

Impi yombango buphendukile baba konke esiphendula esibhekisa phansi. Zhivago emuva eMoscow, kodwa endlini lapho iseyintsha yayihlala, manje usokhay ukuzihlanza Markel. manje Yuri ukhuluma ngendlela ehlukile. Phela, kukhona isisho esithi: owayeneminyaka lutho iyoba konke. Zhivago ashade Markel indodakazi futhi kungakabiphi bafa ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. Isahluko sokugcina sencwadi ethi noveli kukhona umhlangano abangane Zhivago. Omunye wabo - Michael Gordon - bajwayelane indodakazi komshado kaGeorge futhi iqoqo izinkondlo zakhe. Phakathi nale misebenzi olusankondlo:

1. "Hamlet".
2. "Esikhathini oNgcwele."
3. "Wedding".
4. "Autumn".
5. "White Night".
6. "Breaking Dawn."
7. "Winter Night".
8. "Isimangaliso".
9. "Magdalena."
10. "Izinsuku ezimbi."