" 'UMorris Worm": umlando ukuvela igciwane, isimiso isinyathelo futhi ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Melika kwamethusa ukuzwa yesibili ngo-November 1988 cishe wonke amakhompyutha kwadingeka ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi (e-America), cishe ngehora lesi ekuseni, njengoba besho, "simile." Okokuqala, it is chasiselwe ukungasebenzi uhlelo amandla. Kodwa-ke, lapho kwakukhona umqedazwe okubangelwa "Morris Worm", kwaba sobala ukuthi terminals behlaselwa ongaziwa ngesikhathi uhlelo equkethe ikhodi akukwazi izimali emagama etholakalayo. Shono! Ngenkathi ama-computer axhunywe kuyi-Internet, olunezinombolo kuphela ezinkulungwane (cishe 65,000 ezikhumulweni) futhi ingxenye enkulu zimelwe imibuthano kahulumeni noma uhulumeni.

Virus "Morris Worm": kuyini?

Igciwane zalolu hlobo wawuthi lo ngqa. Nguye waba ngukhokho zonke ezinye izinhlelo zalolu hlobo, okuyinto namuhla zihlukile kusukela sikakhokho anele.

Robert Morris "isibungu" wadala yabo, ngisho ukwazi ngalokho ukuthandwa kwakhe uyosibonisa nokuthi uluhlobo luni umonakalo angabangela emnothweni. Ngokuvamile, njengoba kunenkolelo kwaba, njengoba besho, intshisekelo luyingxenye yezemidlalo. Kodwa eqinisweni ukwethulwa APRANET inethiwekhi ke womhlaba wonke, ngenhlanhla, ziye ixhunyiwe, futhi uhulumeni nezinhlangano lempi, ebangele ukushaqeka enjalo kuyiphi Melika ayikwazanga ukuthola i-isikhathi eside. Kulinganiselwa wokulungiselela, igciwane computer "Morris eyisibungu!" Ngenxa yomonakalo ezinye US $ 96,5 million (nokuthi nje lemali, eyaziwa ezivela emithonjeni ezisemthethweni). Amanani eboniswe ngenhla, kuyinto esemthethweni. Futhi akuyona eyabangela, cishe, futhi engakutholanga ukudalulwa.

UMdali igciwane computer "Morris Worm" Robert Morris: amaqiniso ambalwa kusuka biography

Ngokushesha nawu umbuzo ngokuthi ubani lo uMklami genius, ngubani ephethwe izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuba thwebula uhlelo computer Ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika.

esifanayo siqinise "Wikipedia" kubonisa ukuthi ngesikhathi, uRobert umfundi eCornell University, R. T. Morrisa (ithuba noma ngengozi?), At Faculty of Computer Engineering.

Umlando zendalo futhi ukuvela igciwane

Kukholakala ukuthi ekuqaleni kule igciwane bebengenayo usongo. Fred Cohen watadisha "Morris worm" ngesisekelo izibalo yakhe amakhodi ezinonya futhi bathola kunjengoba isici ezithakazelisayo. Kwatholakala ukuthi lokhu akukhona uhlelo enonya.

" 'UMorris Worm" (nakuba namuhla ke ubhekwa igciwane nge nokufakwa nePentagon) ekuqaleni umuntu wadalwa njengendlela yokuthola ukuhlolwa ngesisekelo "intranet" izinhlelo ngishiyeka (akumangalisi ukuthi wahlupheka abasebenzisi APRANET lokuqala).

Njengoba igciwane kuthinta ngcondvomshini

Sam Robert Morris (igciwane abalobi) ngazo zonke izindlela uzama ukuziqhelelanisa imiphumela okubangelwa "brainchild" yakhe yase-United States, osho ukuthi ukusabalala inethiwekhi sokucasuka iphutha ikhodi zohlelo. Njengoba sazi ukuthi imfundo wathola eyunivesithi, ikakhulukazi Faculty of Computer Science, lokhu kunzima ukwamukela.

Ngakho, lo okuthiwa "Morris Worm" waqale sigxile ukucabhela kokuthintana phakathi kwezinhlangano ezinkulu (kuhlanganise uhulumeni nakwezempi). Ingqikithi kwaba ukuqinisekisa nomthelela, ukuze ufake esikhundleni umbhalo yokuqala ezincwadi ezazithunyelwe kunethiwekhi ke APRANET, nokususa izihloko ngemodi yokususa iphutha noma Sendmail sesikhashana ukuchichima inkonzo fingerd-inethiwekhi. Ingxenye yokuqala iqukethe ikhodi entsha, ihlanganiswe ukuphela akude, futhi eyesithathu lalinabafundi ikhodi efanayo kanambambili, kodwa bazivumelanisa ezahlukene zama-computer.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iye yasetshenziswa ithuluzi ekhethekile evumela ukuba ukhethe amagama abasebenzisi kanye namaphasiwedi ngokusebenzisa ukubulawa Uhlelo ukungena kokukude (rexec), kanye akude igobolondo (rsh) ucingo, elisemnyango umyalo asetshenziselwa okuthiwa "ithemba indlela" (manje ngaphezulu liphathelene izitifiketi).

Isivinini esiphelweni

Njengoba kuvela, igciwane umdali wayengeyena umuntu oyisiphukuphuku. Ngokushesha waqaphela ukuthi isikhathi eside ikhodi, isikhathi eside igciwane busuka uhlelo. Yingakho 'Worm owaziwa Morris "iqukethe kanambambili sakugcina (kodwa ihlanganiswe) ngokulandelana.

Ngenxa yalokhu, futhi kwakungekho boom efanayo, okuyinto manje ezingeni isimo intelligence amasevisi ngasizathu simbe wanquma ukuba athule, nakuba usongo ngesikhathi ikhophi ngokwayo ukusakaza cishe exponentially (njalo ikhophi igciwane wakwazi ukwakha ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ontanga yabo).

umonakalo

Akekho Nokho, akusho ucabange ngalokho umonakalo kungadalwa ohlelweni olufanayo nokuvikeleka. Lapha inkinga, kunalokho, yilokhu ngokwako igciwane computer "Morris Worm". Iqiniso ukuthi ekuqaleni Ukungena igciwane le ukuphela umsebenzisi kwadingeka ukucacisa ukuthi ingabe uhlelo elinekhophi. Uma ikhona, igciwane kwesokunxele emotweni sodwa. Kungenjalo - ukwethula ohlelweni futhi wadala Clone kuwo wonke amazinga ukusebenzisa nokuphatha. Lokhu kwakuyiqiniso lonke uhlelo lokusebenza iyonke, bese usetha nezinhlelo kanye izicelo noma applets.

Isibalo olusemthethweni, okuthiwa yi US Department of (angaba yizigidi 96-98 zamadola engabiza umonakalo), sibhalwe ngokucacile lokhu phansi. Uma ubheka kuphela izinsuku ezintathu zokuqala, bekulokhu komyalelo wokungabi 94,6 million). Ezinsukwini ezilandelayo, inani lakhula hhayi okungaka, kodwa abasebenzisi abavamile abathintekayo (lena cindezela olusemthethweni kanye US Department of ukuthula). Yiqiniso, kuyilapho inani labantu okufanele computer axhunywe kuwebhu global, kwaba cishe 65,000 e-US, kodwa futhi ngokuba behlelwa cishe njalo ukugcina lesine.

imiphumela

Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi okushiwo umthelela wukuqinisekisa ukuphuca ngokuphelele ukusebenza uhlelo ezingeni resource ukusetshenziswa. Isikhathi esiningi libhekisela kunethiwekhi ukuxhumana.

Igciwane esimweni elula, ukudala abanamakhophi abo siqu e iphinde iqalise kwethulwa izinqubo beziguqula amasevisi uhlelo (manje ngisho egijima njengoba umlawuli enqubeni uhlu "Task Manager"). Futhi ukususa usongo akusiyo njalo kungenzeka kulolu hlu. Ngakho-ke, ngaleso kwaqedwa izinqubo ezihlobene ne uhlelo kanye umsebenzisi, kumelwe sithathe isinyathelo ngokucophelela okukhulu.

A Morris?

" 'UMorris Worm" futhi kumdlali okwamanje uzizwe kahle. I igciwane ngempumelelo isehlane imizamo izinkampani efanayo unqulo wesi arab ngoba ikhodi yomthombo, okulotshiwe kanye applet.

Morris 2008, samemezela ukukhululwa kwencwadi Arc ulimi kususelwa "Izindebe", futhi ngo-2010 waqokelwa umnikazi kanye negama Weiser Award.

By the way, kuvela elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo wukuthi kumshushisi womphakathi Mark Rasch wathola ukuthi igciwane lase zikhutshaziwe kumakhompyutha ngokuphoqa ukuvala shaqa, kodwa namanje akazange abangele ngenhloso abasebenzisi idatha ye yiliphi izinga umonakalo, ngoba ekuqaleni kwakungeyona izinhlelo elimazayo, futhi umzamo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka kuphazamisa sakhiwo sangekhatsi izinhlelo ezikhona. Uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho wayedabuka umhlaseli (ngubani ngokuzithandela owayezinikele iziphathimandla), sesatshiswa ejele kuya eminyakeni emihlanu futhi ahlawuliswe ayizinkulungwane 250 zamadola, yasinda iminyaka emithathu salengiswa, inhlawulo ka eziyinkulungwane 10 zamaRandi kanye amahora 400 yokufeza inkonzo yomphakathi. Bangaki abameli nomuzwa wokuthi (endleleni, futhi okwamanje) isikhathi akunangqondo.

imiphumela eziningana

Yiqiniso, namuhla nokwesaba zinsongo, elisetendeni kusaqalwa nucleation of imishini computer emelelwe "Morris igciwane" Yiqiniso, akudingekile.

Kodwa uyini ezithakazelisayo. Kukholakala ukuthi umthelela ikhodi enonya angaphansi ngokuyinhloko ye-Windows. Bese ngokuzumayo kuvela ukuthi emzimbeni igciwane ekuqaleni lakhiwa izinhlelo Unix ezisekelwe. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Yebo, nje lokho abanikazi be-Linux ne-Mac OS, okuyinto ngokuyinhloko esekelwe platform Unix, sekuyisikhathi ukulungiselela amakhambi (nakuba kunenkolelo yokuthi amagciwane ku lwalezi nhlelo zokusebenzisa aziphazamiseki nhlobo, ngomqondo akulotshiwe ukuthi abangu). Lapha kulapho abasebenzisi abaningi "poppy" futhi "Abasebenzisi be-Linux" kwakushintsha kakhulu ngephutha.

Njengoba kuvela, ngisho kumadivayisi eselula asebenzisa i-iOS ezinye izinsongo (kuhlanganise "Morris eyisibungu!") Waqala elizosetshenziswa. Okokuqala, kungenxa isikhangiso, bese - isofthiwe engadingeki, bese ... - kuphahlazeka uhlelo. Lapha yezimo abhekene futhi wacabanga. Kodwa ngezinye umsuka konke wema umfundi, wenza iphutha siqu Uhlelo-umhloli yayo, okwaholela ukuvela lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-computer izimpethu namuhla. Futhi baziwa, futhi izimiso ukuchayeka izinhlelo eziningana ezahlukene.

Ngomqondo othile, amagciwane anjalo kukhona spyware (spyware), okuyinto uhlelo hhayi kuphela ukulayishwa, kodwa futhi ngaphezu kwawo wonke amaphasiwedi intshontshiwe ukufinyelela amasayithi, ungene, i-PIN-amakhodi wesikweletu noma debit card, noNkulunkulu uyazi ukuthi, njengoba umsebenzisi ojwayelekile can ngisho ukuqagela. Ngokuvamile, imiphumela yalesi igciwane kanye nabanye abafana nayo kulesi sigaba ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe bama-computer igcwele nemiphumela kuyindaba ebalulekile, ngisho izindlela zanamuhla kakhulu isivikelo. Futhi kuphambene ikhompyutha worms kufanele kube ngendlela efanayo.

Lokho indaba enjalo bezijabulisa futhi engavamile ukuthi ngeke ngikukhohlwe isikhathi eside. Abathandwayo futhi iphephile kuwe uyahlanganyela ku inethiwekhi - ngaphandle nokweba idatha, ngokweqile ohlelweni kanye nanoma yimiphi spyware efana "Morris eyisibungu!"!