Ihlathi le-Teutoburg: Ukulwa nokunqotshwa kwempi yamaRoma ngamaJalimane

Kusukela ekukhuleni kwesintu, abantu baye balwa njalo amandla namandla nengcebo, emazweni amasha nakwezinye izinhloso zezombusazwe. Kodwa phakathi kwenani elikhulu lezimpi ezinkulu nezincane kuneziqu ezingazange zithinte kuphela umlando wabantu ngabanye, kodwa futhi zashintsha futhi imvamisa yempucuko yentuthuko.

Phakathi kwabo kunqotshwa amabutho aseRoma ehlathini laseTeutoburg (9 AD). Le mpi yangcolisa igama lomholi wesizwe sakwaCherusks - u-Arminius, ohlala iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu ebhekwa njengeqhawe likazwelonke labantu baseJalimane.

Ingemuva yempi

Ukuqala kwekhulu lokuqala le nkathi entsha kuyisikhathi sokuqala koMbuso WaseRoma, owawuthatha wonke amazwe amasha ngokuphumelelayo, wehlula izizwe nezinhlanga eziningi. Futhi akuyona nje amandla amakhulu ezempi yamaLegionaries, kodwa futhi nenhlangano yamandla ombuso oqinile kanye nezinsiza eziphathekayo emazweni angeneziwe.

Ukunqotshwa nokuzithoba kwezizwe zaseJalimane ezazihlakazekile futhi ezilwayo kwakungewona umsebenzi onzima eRome.

Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaKesari Awugustu, amandla alo mbuso asakazeka ensimini evela eRhinine kuya e-Elbe. Lapha, isifundazwe sasungulwa, esibizwa ngokuthi iJalimane, umbusi waseRoma oqokiwe enkantolo nezindaba eziphathisiwe, kanye namabutho ama-5-6 akwanele ukugcina umyalelo.

Ukushintsha isimo

Umbusi waseRoma, uSing Saturin ohlakaniphile futhi owaziwa kakhulu, akazange aphathe kuphela ukulawula iningi lezizwe zaseJalimane, kodwa futhi ukuheha abaholi bombuso, owakhanyisa ukunakwa kwamandla amakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokubusa kukaSaturin sabanjelwa uPublius Quintilius Var, owafika esifundeni saseJalimane esivela eSiriya, lapho ayejwayele khona ukuphila okuphazamiseke, ukukhonza nokuhlonishwa. Ukucabanga ngezizwe zendawo kungabi yingozi, wahlakaza amabutho akhe aphansi ezweni lonke futhi wayekhathazeke ngokuqoqa intela. Yayinqubomgomo yakhe encane eyabangela ukuthi iTheku laseTeutoburg laba yindawo engamakhulu ezinkulungwane zamasosha aseRoma.

Imiphumela yokungahloniphi umbusi waseRoma

Var, hhayi ukulalela ukunganaki izakhamuzi zendawo, bethula izintela ezidliwa yizidakamizwa nemithetho yaseRoma, ngezindlela eziningi eziphambene nomthetho wesintu wamaJalimane, ogama lakhe lalingabhekwa njengingcwele.

Ukungafuni ukulandela imithetho yangaphandle kwakunqatshelwe ngokweqile. Abahlukumezi balindele isigwebo sokufa nokuhlambalaza amaJalimane mahhala ahlulela izibhamu.

Okwamanje, ukuthukuthela nokuphikisana kwabantu abavamile kwakungabonakali, ikakhulukazi ngoba izinduna zezizwe, ezakhohliswa ukunethezeka kwamaRoma, zazithembeka kokubili umbusi kanye neziphathimandla zombuso. Kodwa ngokushesha ukubekezela kwabo kwaphela.

Ekuqaleni ukumbhikisana okungahleliwe futhi okuzenzekelayo kwakuholwa umholi ohloniphekile wesizwe seCherrius Arminius. Kwakungumuntu ophawuleka kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esemusha, akazange akhonze kuphela empini yamaRoma, kodwa futhi wathola isikhundla somgibeli nesakhamuzi, njengoba ehlukaniswa ngesibindi nokuhlakanipha. UQuintilius Var wayeqiniseka kakhulu ngokuzinikela kwakhe ukuthi wayengafuni ukukholelwa izigwebo eziningi mayelana nesimo esizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayekujabulela ukudla no-Arminius, owayengumxhumanisi omuhle kakhulu.

Umkhankaso wokugcina we-Vara

Mayelana nalokho okwenzeke ngonyaka ka-9, lapho amabutho eWara angena eThekwini laseTeutoburg, singafunda emlandweni we "Roman History" kaDion Cassius. Ngokwababhali-mlando, le ndawo yayisezindaweni ezingaphezulu kweMfula i-Ems, ngaleso sikhathi owaziwa ngokuthi u-Amisia.

Ekwindla yalonyaka, i-Var yashiya ekamu lakhe elihle ehlobo futhi enezikhali ezintathu waya eceleni kweRhinine. Ngokombiko owodwa, umbusi wayezochoboza isixuku sesizwe esikude saseJalimane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uQuintilius Var wayevame ukuyisa amabutho akhe ezindaweni zokubanda, ngakho wahamba nesitimela esikhulu.

AmaLegionaries awazange aphuthumise, ukunyakaza kwabo kwakungabambeleli nje kuphela ngamalothi alayishiwe, kodwa nangemigwaqo ehlanjwe imvula ekwindla. Kwase kuphele isikhathi, ibutho lalihambisana nebutho lika-Arminius, okusolakala ukuthi wayehlose ukuhlanganyela ekuqothulweni kwaleli qembu.

I-Teutoburg Forest: ukunqotshwa kwempi yamaRoma ngamaJalimane

Imvula enamandla nemifudlana yagobhozela emifuleni ejulile, iphoqa amasosha ukuba athuthe izintambo ezingahleliwe. Yilokho okwakushiwo ngu-Arminius.

Amasosha akhe ayehlehla ngemuva kwamaRoma futhi engekude noWeser ahlasele futhi abulala amaqembu amaningana amaLegionaries ahlakazekile. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izinqola ezihola phambili, ezazingenele kakade eThekwini laseTeutoburg, zibhekene nesithiyo esingalindelekile emithini ewile. Ngokushesha nje lapho beka, imikhonto yavela kubo evela emahlathini amakhulu, bese amaqhawe aseJalimane aphuma.

Lokhu kuhlaselwa kwakungalindelekile, futhi amaLegionaries aseRoma ayengasetshenziswanga ukulwa ehlathini, ngakho-ke amasosha ahlasela kuphela, kodwa ngokuyala kukaVara, owayezama ukuphuma evulekile, waqhubeka nokuthutha.

Phakathi nezinsuku ezimbili ezilandelayo, amaRoma ayekwazi ukuhamba emahlathini aseTeutoburg abonisa ukuhlaselwa okungapheli kwesitha, kodwa ngenxa yokukhubazeka kukaVary ukuthatha isinyathelo esinqunyiwe, noma ngenxa yezizathu eziningana ezihloswe ngazo, abazange bahambisane nokuphikisa. Isimo sezulu senza indima. Ngenxa yemvula engapheli, izihlangu zamaRoma zazigcwele futhi zingenakuqhathaniswa, futhi iminsalo yabonakala ingafaneleki ukudubula.

Yehluleka kwi-Dales Gorge

Kodwa okubi kakhulu kwakusasazofika. Iphuzu ekubethweni okuqhubekayo kwamabutho aseRoma libeka impi ehlathini elinyene eligcwele i-Derskoe gorge. Izinqola eziningi zaseJalimane, ezanyuka emithambekeni, zabhubhisa kabi amaLegionnaire abesaba, futhi empini yaba yigazi.

Umzamo wamaRoma wokudabula emfuleni ubuyele esigodini awuphumelelanga - indlela evimbele umthumeli wayo. Kwakungamahhashi kuphela efa likaVala Numonius owakwazi ukuphuma kule nsimbi yokugaya inyama. Ebona ukuthi impi yayilahlekile, u-Quintilus Var owazimele wazibulala ngokuziphonsa enkembeni. Isibonelo sakhe salandelwa ezinye izikhulu eziningi.

Abafundisi bodwa kuphela abakwazi ukuphunyuka esiqhingini esibi saseJalimane bese baya e-Rhine. Ingxenye eyinhloko yebutho yabhujiswa, okufanayo kwaba khona nabesifazane abanezingane ezihamba nenqola.

Imiphumela yempi

Imiphumela yale mpi ayikwazi ukuxoshwa. Ukunqotshwa kwebutho lamaRoma eThekwini laseTeutoburg kwakusabisa kakhulu uMbusi Augustus ukuthi waze waxosha abaqaphi baseJalimane futhi wayala ukuxoshwa kwawo wonke amaGauls enhloko-dolobha, esaba ukuthi bazolandela isibonelo somakhelwane babo abasenyakatho.

Kodwa into esemqoka akulona lokhu. Impi ehlathini laseTeutoburg yaqeda ukunqoba kwamaJalimane ngoMbuso WaseRoma. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, i-Consul Germanicus yenza imikhankaso emithathu yeRhinine ukuze inqande izizwe ezihlubukile. Kodwa, kunalokho, kwakuyisenzo sokuphindiselela, kunokuba isinyathelo sezomthetho sezombusazwe.

Ama-military awazange aphinde abeka engozini ngokusekelwe emazweni aseJalimane angaphansi komhlaba. Ngakho-ke, impi ehlathini laseTeutoburg yavimba ukuqhuma kobudlova baseRoma ngasenyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga.

Ekukhunjuleni le mpi, eyayijika umlando, edolobheni laseDmmold ngo-1875 yabekwa isithombe sika-Arminius ngokuphakama kwamamitha angu-53.

Le filimu "uHerman Herusky - Impi Ehlathini LaseTeutoburg"

Ngokomlando wempi, kunezincwadi eziningi ezilotshiwe, phakathi kwabo ubuciko, isibonelo, "Legionary" nguLouis Rivera. Futhi ngo-1967, ngokusho kwesakhiwo esichazwe kwafakwa. Lokhu ngezinga elithile isithombe esingokomfanekiso, ngoba ukukhiqizwa okuhlangene kweJalimane (eJalimane) ne-Italy. Ukubaluleka kokubambisana kuzocaca uma ucabanga ukuthi i-Italy, empeleni, iyinkosikazi yaseMbusweni WaseRoma, futhi eJalimane, ngesikhathi se-fascism, ukunqoba kuka-Arminius, okwakubhekwa njengeqhawe lesizwe, kwadunyiswa ngazo zonke izindlela.

Umphumela wephrojekthi ohlangene wawuyi-movie enhle kakhulu kusukela ekubukeni kokuqinisekiswa komlando, lapho kulwa khona impi eThekwini laseTeutoburg. Kukhangisa izilaleli hhayi kuphela lokhu, kodwa futhi nokudlala abanamakhono abadlali abanjengoCameron Mitchell, uHans von Borsodi, u-Antonella Lualdi nabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithombe esinamandla kakhulu futhi esimangalisayo, futhi ukudubula izigcawu eziningi zempi kuyathandeka.