Ifomu Vidovremennyh sesenzo ngolimi lwesiNgisi. amafomu Uhlu tento English

Verb luyehluka kuye ukuthi isetshenziswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Nalesitako ngesiNgisi njengoba ngesiRashiya, zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko - esidlule, zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo. Baphinde babe isakhiwo ezifana esizayo esikhathini esidlule, ekudluliseleni isenzo kwenzeka phakathi iphuzu elithile yesikhathi esidlule kanye ngokoqobo, noma ukuchaza izinhloso esikhathini esidlule, okuhloswe ukuba afeze esikhathini esizayo - ngaphandle, kwenzeka ukuba ngesikhathi sangempela noma cha.

Futhi, lezi nalesitako ngesiNgisi ngokuvamile elihunyushwa njengoba nokuqaphela kungenzeka noma ukubonakaliswa isifiso okuthile - / benginga ... /. Okungukuthi, isenzo esinjalo kumele kwenzeke ngesikhathi esifanayo / kufanele kwenzekeni / kuyodingeka ukuba kwenzeke, kepha ngasizathu simbe akwenzekanga / kungenzeki / ngeke kwenzeke.

isikhathi

Nalesitako tento ngolimi lwesiNgisi akhiwe amaqembu amane - Elihlala, Okuqhubekayo, Perfect Perfect okuqhubekayo, ngayinye okuyinto esakhiwe esidlule, sanje kanye nesikhathi esizako nezesikhathi esizayo esikhathini esidlule. It got 16 kungenzeka izakhiwo zesikhashana ezingaqinile, ngamunye ephethe izindawo elivela kuzo (futhi abanye, hhayi elilodwa). Ukuze akhombise vidovremennyh izimo zesenzo segama isiNgisi, sicabanga kafushane ukusetshenziswa kwalezi izakhiwo.

Simokwenta nemphambosi yekwentiwa

Uma isenzo wenziwa inhloko, nesenzo uku impambosi kuyehluka kuye isikhathi. Ngo izwi yokwenziwa izenzo ukwenziwa into, ngakho-ke izimiso kwetinhlavu isilandiso ezahlukene. Amacebo ezilandelayo ziveza indlela eyakheke vidovremennyh isimo sesenzo ngolimi lwesiNgisi ku impambosi. Ngo yokwenziwa eseduze efanayo isilandiso kwakhiwa / ukuba / esifanele efomini elifanele bese esithi esidlule.

Tento esikhathini esidlule (Esidlule)

Esikhathini esidlule esingaziwa (esidlule evamile) isetshenziselwa ukuveza isenzo evamile, ngaphandle ecacisa ubude bayo noma ukuphelela. Icebo lasungulwa simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: kwekusebentisa lesifanele isenzo siphetfo / -ed / noma II vidovremennyh isimo sesenzo ngolimi lwesiNgisi, abhaleke ngendlela efanele.

Odlule okuqhubekayo (Esidlule okuqhubekayo) isetshenziswa ukuze ubheke okuthile eyathatha esikhathini esidlule. Verb kulesi sikhathi phezulu buyingxenye / ukuba / Edlule Indef. kanye samanje esithi (Partic. I).

Perfect Zangaphambili (esidlule kuphelile, Zakudala Perf.) Ibonisa ukuthi isenzo kwenzeka uma ngaphambili igcwaliswe. Isikimu sesenzo libukeka / babe (Esidlule Indef.) / Luhlangene ne-a esithi esidlule (Partic. II).

Odlule Perfect okuqhubekayo (esidlule kuze kube nini nanini kuphelile, Zakudala Perf. Contin.) Isetshenziswa ukuchaza isenzo eyathatha ngaphambili, bese yaqedwa. Kungaba iyiphi ukugcizelela enenjongo yokuthi isenzo usuphothuliwe ngesikhathi esithile noma esikhathini ngenkathi lenzeka, noma yokuthi lesi senzo ayisaxhunyanisiwe kwenzekani. Lokhu isenzo yakhiwa inkonzo / kube / ngesimo Odlule Perf. futhi samanje esithi (Partic. I).

Tento samanje (Pres.)

Yethula nanini (manje wesiko, Pres. Indef.) Ibonisa ukuthi isenzo senzeka khona ngaphandle kukhulunywa ubude bayo noma ukuphelela (noma kungenzeka yezinto kokuqedwa). Okungukuthi, kuwukuziphatha ukuthi akanayo izimfanelo. Ngokuvamile kulesi sikhathi kuthiwa kwaboniswa yizenzo ejwayelekile noma amaphethini jikelele. Ukushayela imfundo wukuthi esingayindawo / ukuba / kungukuthi ukufaka endaweni. ifomu Vidovremennyh sesenzo ngolimi English umuntu 3rd elisebunyeni. h. ekupheleni kwahambisana / -S / -es /.

Isipho okuqhubekayo (manje njalo, Pres. Contin.) Kwedlulisa isikhathi isinyathelo, okuyinto engazange siphele, okungukuthi, icabangela uqobo inqubo izimisele. Endabeni ukusetshenziswa kwalesi design avame ukubonakala njalo uthatha izinyathelo indawo lokho akusho ukuthi zenzeke ngalesi sikhathi. Leli fomu siqukethe isenzo / ukuba (Pres. Indef.) / Futhi esithi I.

Yethula Perfect (okwamanje kuphelile, Pres. Perf.) Uyazicabangela isenzo sekuphelile, umphumela kokuba isikhathi samanje. Kwakuvamise ngomqondo isipiliyoni ezingakalayishelwa waqaphela / hhayi fully aware of labo uthi ke njengoba izenzakalo ezidlule. Ukuze wakhe owakho lo mkhakha wenkonzo isenzo / babe / isidingo wafaka Cinde. Indef. futhi Partic. II.

Yethula Perfect okuqhubekayo (Pres. Ehlala njalo kuphelile, Pres. Perf. Contin.) Uyazicabangela isenzo esibonisa ngqo kulokho umsebenzi wathatha yaqala esithile ngaphambi futhi ihlala kuze kube manje, noma okunye yokuthi umsebenzi wenziwa namuhla futhi izothatha kuze kube sekufikeni esithile ngokukhethekile. Isikimu tekwakha lokhu kufana nesenzo / kube (Pres. Perf.) / Kulekelelwa wenhlanganyelo usenkathini yamanje (Partic. I).

Tento isikhathi esizayo (F.)

Ikusasa Elihlala (esizayo evamile, F. Indef.) Uveta akukho senzo kokuba izimfanelo, lo okuhloswe futhi kulindeleke ukuba wenze. Isenzo esinjalo etholwe ngokungeza / kuthanda / kwekusebentisa / ukuba /.

Okuqhubekayo Ikusasa (kuyikusasa, F. Contin.) Ingabe kudingeka ukuthi sithathe isinqumo okwesikhathi predpolgagaemogo eside enze esikhathini esizayo. kwakhiwa Dunn ifomu senzo ku sluduet scheme: (. F. Indef) asizayo ingxenye / kube / ibekwe phambi Partic. I.

Perfect Ikusasa (esizayo kuphelile, F. Perf.) Ubonisa ukuthi isenzo sokuthola ekupheleni okunomqondo ezithile sikhathi esizayo. Lokhu isenzo senziwa / kuyodingeka / esithi, futhi lesesikhatsini lesengcile (Partic. II).

Ikusasa Perfect okuqhubekayo (kuyikusasa kuphelile, F. Perf. Contin.) Isetshenziswa ukuchaza isenzo, okuyinto Kusolwa ku eduze ngesikhathi sokugcina iphuzu elithile, noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikhashana esithile. isakhiwo okunjalo ngokuvamile kuchazwa izenzo ezenziwe kusuka kunoma iyiphi incazelo ukhonkolo, nge inkomba eqondile noma engaqondile yalezi zizathu. WeSikimu ekwakhekeni isenzo esinjalo kuyingxenye izikweletu esasinazo / kube / ezimise F. Perf. unezela esithi I.

Tento ngekusasa esikhatsini lesengcile (FITP)

Ikusasa yesikhathi esidlule esingaziwa (esizayo esikhathini esidlule ngokuvamile, FITP Indef.) Kusho ukuthi kufanele kube nesenzo esithile, ngaphandle ekupheleni noma isikhathi ezivelele. Lezi zenzo kwakhiwa kusukela amagama / kufanele / obungenza / (kuye ngokuthi umuntu) kanye ngaphandle kwekusebentisa / ukuba /.

Ikusasa Ngo Ekhaya okuqhubekayo (Ikusasa esikhathini esidlule Ngokuqhubeka, FITP Contin.) Ubikezela izenzo kuzofuneka ukuthi isikhathi eside, kungekho zimfanelo ukuphelela kwalo. Ukuze uthole ifomu inikezwe sesenzo kwakhiwa wesifunda libukeka / kube / ezimise FITP Indef. futhi samanje esithi (Partic. I).

Ikusasa Ngo Ekhaya Perfect (Ikusasa esikhathini esidlule kuphelile, FITP Perf.) Uchaza izenzo okufanele seziqedile. Ukuze ahlanganise lo sesenzo / kufanele / kwakuyodingeka / engeza esithi II (futhi. Pos. Isikhathi).

Ikusasa Ngo Ekhaya Perfect okuqhubekayo (Ikusasa zokugcina kuze kube nini nanini kuphelile, FITP Perf. Contin.) Ibonisa ukuthi abanye senzo singase sibe ukuthi zilawule. Kumiswa isimo sesenzo is ngokubeka inkonzo / kube / e FITP Perf. ngaphambi Partic. I.

tento avamile

Ifomu elifanele tento English sekudlule isikhathi ngokungeza Ukuvalwa / -ed /. I emabito (elula) engezwa isenzo ophela / -ing / sokuwunikeza ubunjalo isenzo Ngokuqhubeka noma generalizing ithoni ukuba adabule isenzo esisodwa zonke onjengaye. Ithebula izinhlobo tento English aboniswe ngezansi.

tento okungajwayelekile

Kukhona futhi inani elithile okuhlukile ncisheka cha conform kwalesi sikhwama, udinga ngekhanda. Hhayi kwakhiwa zonke ifomu vidovremennyh sesenzo ngolimi lwesiNgisi is ngokufaka esikhundleni ekunqanyulweni / -ed /. Kukhona tento ezisebusweni lesengcile kanye esithi II ngesimo ushintsho base noma kube sekupheleni. Kukhona tento ukuthi ngokuphelele "bazalwe" futhi yenza ukuthi bonke abantu abathathu zihlala zinjalo.

Uhlu tento English akhiwa kahle, it siqukethe izingcezu 100. Ngamunye wabo kanjeyana amafomu ezintathu etholwe tento 300. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akulula kanjalo ukukhumbula amazwi eziningi kangaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuzigcina engqondweni - ngoba isikhathi lapho amazwi edingekayo lesibili (esikhathini esidlule esingaziwa) nowesithathu (esithi II) zilwane, sisebenzisa yonke indawo, futhi kubalulekile ukucacisa lapho izimo lapho uhlobo ukusebenzisa, okulungile noma okungalungile, futhi uma okungalungile, khona-ke lokho ngokuqondile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, tento okungajwayelekile zivamile kakhulu, ngakho avame ukusetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa inkulumo (njengoba value eliyingqayizivele, futhi imishwana ezihlukahlukene futhi ezakhiwe), ukuthi iningi labo sithola ithuba lokwazana, ukuqala ukufunda isiNgisi.

Ikhumbula yokuthi ezinye zazo zingabantu simokwenta nasizayo, singasho ukuthi tento okungajwayelekile musa yibona kulenkhulumo. Indawo yokuqala ku nokudlanga uthatha isenzo / ukuba /, (/ kube /, / kwaba, babe /, / kwaba /), okungase senze Inani lalo, futhi njengoba nesenzo eyisibonelo, futhi njengengxenye asizayo yokukhuluma. Ngokuvamile livele ezakheke - / ukuba /, / nenhlalakahle /, / iye /, / ekuseni, is, kuthiwa /, / kwaba, babe /, / intando / kanye / kufanele, ingabe /, kodwa isenzo / ukuba / has 52 ifomu elithi, kuhlanganise yekwentiwa, ukugomela futhi kuphikisa.