I izakhiwo kazibuthe-material

Lapho ibekwe ku kazibuthe of into, "ukuziphatha" kwalo nangokuthi uhlobo ushintsho yasekhaya kwesakhiwo kuzoncika impahla kuyiphi into yenziwa. Zonke izinto ezaziwayo zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu ezinhlanu eziseqhulwini: paramagnetic, ferromagnetic futhi antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic futhi diamagnetic. Ngokusho lokhu ngezigaba, izakhiwo ezahlukene kazibuthe material. Ukuze uthole ukuthi yini kufihliwe ngemuva migomo, cabanga eqenjini ngalinye kabanzi.

Izinto bembonisa izakhiwo paramagnetism, permeability kazibuthe libhekene ne uphawu omuhle, kungakhathaliseki ukubaluleka amandla kazibuthe angaphandle lapho into iphenduka. Laba bameleli be-eyaziwa kakhulu kuleli qembu oxide nitric nomoya-mpilo igesi, ane-alikhali-umhlaba namaqembu ane-alikhali futhi usawoti ayoni.

I okusezingeni eliphezulu ezifweni kazibuthe uphawu omuhle (1 ifinyelela Mill.) Ferromagnets Inherent. Ukuba sincike ukushuba emkhakheni zangaphandle kanye lokushisa ezifweni sehluka kakhulu. Okubalulekile, kusukela zikhathi izinhlayiya aphansi kukhona sublattices ezahlukene isakhiwo, inani okwamanje kungu-zero.

Njengoba isihloko, futhi kwezinye izakhiwo sekuseduze ukuba impahla ferromagnetic. Ayavumelana ngu ukwencika eziphakeme ezifweni yokushisa amandla emkhakheni, kodwa kunomehluko. Izikhathi kazibuthe afakwe sublattices ama-athomu are lingana komunye nomunye, Nokho, ngokungafani iqembu odlule, okwamanje inani kuyinto nonzero. Into esivela magnetization nokuguqulwa. Ukuxhumana sublattices antiparallel. I ferrites eyaziwa kakhulu. izakhiwo Magnetic compounds kuleli qembu okusezingeni eliphezulu, ngakho avame ukusetshenziswa in the art.

Okunabileko iqembu antiferromagnets. Lapho lwaluyophola, izinto ezifana ngezansi ezithile ama-athomu lokushisa umkhawulo futhi ion ahlelwe isakhiwo crystal ngehele ngokwemvelo ukushintsha izikhathi zabo kazibuthe, ezuza orientation protivoparallelnoe. A inqubo ehluke ngokuphelele senzeka ngokubeka amalahle izinto - ayiloba izakhiwo kazibuthe sici for iqembu izinto paramagnetic. Izibonelo zibandakanya carbonates, oxides, kanjalonjalo.

Futhi ekugcineni, diamagnetic. I izakhiwo kazibuthe izidakamizwa yaleli qembu akuncikile umfutho ensimini, futhi inani le ezifweni kazibuthe alivumi. Uma imfuyo has a isibopho covalent, kuba 'emsulwa "diamagnetic. Abamele - igolide, ithusi, amagesi inert nokunye.

I izakhiwo kazibuthe we indaba kabanzi kwezobuchwepheshe banamuhla. Ngokwesibonelo, Windings Windings transformer nilimaza ezintweni ezithambile kazibuthe. High permeability kanye uzibuthe ukuba ukugcwaliswa, ngisho ukushuba ongaphakeme, kusho ungumthombo ongumngcingo hysteresis iluphu kugrafu, kanye nokulahlekelwa ingane Ukubuyiselwa emuva enozibuthe amangalelwe Ihluzo Elingafaki Ukuqoka. Uma izakhiwo magnetic ndaba sihambisana impahla esithambile kazibuthe, imikhiqizo eyenziwe ke elinesimo ukugeleza okukhulu kokuba engavimba kuphela ukugcwaliswa. In practice, lokhu kusho ukukwazi ukunqinda circuit kazibuthe, ngaleyo ndlela sinciphise isisindo kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. Nokho, ubuhle kusimo amanga - kushintshana ensimini edonsa imisinga eddy ukwaziswa okunjalo kubangela Ukushisa, ngakho isixazululo ebucayini is ngumthwalo umqhubi.

Olunye uhlobo impahla - kanzima kazibuthe amandla sibhekwe okungenani 4000 amperes imitha ngalinye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kazibuthe okujula okusezingeni eliphezulu, ngemva kwalokho izinto kugcina izakhiwo kazibuthe, ekubeni kudingekile ukuba kubuyekezwe magnetization ka uzibuthe unomphela.