I-Clavicle: iphi isisu, umsebenzi, isakhiwo

Ilungelo eliyinhloko lomuntu liwubuqili. Kwaba khona ngenxa yezinguquko ezikhawulwayo ohlelweni lokusekela nokunyakaza, okufaka ama-skeleton kanye nemisipha. Yonke iminyango yayo inesimo esihle kakhulu sokuzivumelanisa nesimo sokuma komzimba. Lokhu kwaholela ekukhululweni kwesandla esingenhla ngokuhlanganyela ekuhambeni komzimba nokufakwa kwawo ezinhlobonhlobo zemisebenzi yomzimba: ukugcinwa nokuphathwa ngokuqondile kwezinto nezinsimbi zomsebenzi, ukusebenza kwezenzo zomuntu kuphela. Izibonelo ezibalingisayo yikhono lokubhala, ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo, ukudweba, ukuthunga, ukuhlanganiswa nokunye okunjalo.

Kulesi sihloko, sizogxila ezintweni zesakhiwo sebhande elingaphezulu, okuhlanganisa i-scapula ne-collarbone. Iphi lapho ikhona khona, yimuphi umsebenzi owenzayo, yimuphi umsebenzi wayo ohlelweni lwesishukela somuntu?

Indawo ye-clavicle emasakeni omuntu

Ithemba elingena ebhande lezinyawo ezingenhla lixhunywe esifubeni sesifuba ngombhalo ohlangothini lwe-sternoclavicular. Ingxenye yamuva ye-clavicle ixhunywe ne-shoulder blade-i-acromion. Kuleli qophelo, ithambo linomkhonto, ubuso obunzima bokunamathisela okuqinile kwezingxenye zemisipha yehlombe ngosizo lwe-system of ligaments. Ukuze uqonde kangcono lokho okushiwo yi-clavicle, cabanga ngesakhiwo somunye weminyango yesistimu ye-musculoskeletal - amabhande amakhulu okugcina.

I-Clavicle njengengxenye yebhande eliphezulu elingaphezulu

Emathambo esandla ayexhunywe kwezinye izingxenye zesiqu, emasosheni omuntu kunomnyango okhethekile ohlanganisa amathambo ahlangene - isabapula kanye ne-clavicles. Esikhathini isakhiwo somzimba, ibhande eliqhakazile, kuhlanganise ne-collarbone, selivele linama- vertebrates, liqala ngabamele abakwa- Nadklassa Pisces. Yakhelwe ngokwanele ezincelweni zokudla ezincelisayo ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo zabo zangaphambili ekuthathweni kokudla noma ukunyakaza ngendlela ye-brachyce (ngokwesibonelo, ema-gibbon). Ake sicabangele lapho i-collarbone ikhona khona nokuthi yintoni le ngxenye yomzimba. Inombhalo wesiLatini S, oxhunywe yingxenye yawo yangaphakathi ne-sternum, nangaphandle - nge-scapula, ukuze amandla lawo majoyina aqiniswe ngemigqa.

Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza okuqondile kwehlombe, ithambo lijikeleza nxazonke le-axis njengesihluthulelo ku-keyhole, ngakho-ke igama - i-collarbone. Ngokuqhubekayo sizoyeka imisebenzi yalo emzimbeni.

Indima yamathambo ekhanda elingenhla ekusekelweni nasekuhambeni

Ngaphambilini, sithole indawo emasendeni omuntu lapho i-collarbone ikhona khona. Ngokwemvelo, ixhunywe ku-scapula ne-sternum, inikeza ukusekelwa lapho i-humerus ifakwe khona. Isakhiwo se-link-lever njengendlela engcono kakhulu yokwandisa ukuphakama kokuhamba kwesandla. I-Clavicle iphinde isebenze njengesixhumanisi sokudlulisela isenzo esivela emlenzeni ophezulu kuya esifubeni nomgogodla. Inamathele emithanjeni eminingana ebalulekile edlala indima eqinile futhi enamandla. I-anatomy ye-clavicle, imisebenzi ekhona kulo, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yesakhiwo sangaphakathi. Sizozijwayeza ngokuningiliziwe.

I-Histogenesis yamathanga amathambo

Esikhathini sokwemibryonic yentuthuko esivela emaqenjini aphakathi kwezimpande sakha izinhlobo ezinjalo zamaseli njenge-fibroblasts, i-chondroblast ne-osteoblasts. Kulezi zikhathi, esikhathini esizayo, izicubu ezinjalo zakha izinhlaka zesimiso se-musculoskeletal, njengezixhumano, i-cartilaginous kanye namathambo. Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo: siyini i-clavicle kusukela ekubukeni kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi, ake sikhumbule ukuthi emasakeni omuntu kukhona amathambo, abizwa ngokuthi axutshwe. Zakhiwa yizici zemvelaphi ehlukene. Isibonelo, i-clavicle yenziwa ngokuyinhloko kusukela kumcubu ohlangene oye waba nesifo se-osteogenesis ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kwe-cartilage, okuyingxenye evela kuma-chondrocytes lapho inqubo yokuthungatha isenziwa khona.

Yimiphi imisipha enamathele ebhande eliphezulu elingaphezulu

Zonke izinyathelo zomzimba womuntu zenziwa emsebenzini odidiyelwe wamathambo emasipha kanye nemisipha ehlanganiswe kubo ngemigqa. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uhambise umlenze ophezulu emhlangothini wehlombe, izinkontileka ze-deltoid muscle. Ake sikhumbule ukuthi i-collarbone yendoda ingubani, futhi sithole indima yayo ekuhambeni kwesandla. Kuyinto engxenyeni engenhla nengqamuzana langaphambili laleli thambo, elifaka ibhande lezinyawo ezingenhla, ukuthi imisipha ye-deltoid ifakwe. Emkhawulweni wokugcina we-clavicle, i-trapezius nemisipha ye-sternocleidomastoid zijoyina imigqa ye-trapezoidal ne-conical.

Owokuqala wabo ubambelela emuva phezulu endaweni eqondile, owesibili uphendulela futhi athambekele entweni futhi angabamba iqhaza ekunyameni okuphefumulayo.

Kanjani i-clavicle eyenza i-embryogenesis

Ukuze uqonde ngokucacile lokho okushiwo i-clavicle, cabangela indlela yokubeka izicubu zethambo. Ukwakhiwa kwamathambo embungu kuqala ngeviki 5-6 lokuthuthukiswa kwe-intrauterine futhi limelela inqubo ye-ossification. Futhi ithambo lokuqala, elitholakala osteogenesis, yi-clavicle. Izoba enye yezinto zokugcina ezakhiwe ngokugcwele, ossification layo lihlala iminyaka engama-21 yokuphila komuntu. Ukubukeka kwaso kuqala ngokubumbana kwamaseli wegceke eliphakathi kwamagciwane abe ngamaqembu ahlotshaniswa ne-capillaries embryo.

Ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli ayisisekelo e-mesenchymal kubangela ukubukeka kwezingubo ezihlanganisa fibroblasts. Bese baqoqa ekubunjweni kwabo njenge-collagen-like substance - osseomucoid futhi baba uhlobo lwe-fibre. Ezingxenyeni zazo zivela ama-osteoblasts - amangqamuzana ayisisekelo amathambo amathanga, eqala ukukhiqiza izinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali. Izintambo ezinamafutha zihanjiswa ngamanoni, ziphelelwa amandla futhi zibe ziqinile. Ama-osteocyte akhulayo akhiwa, futhi ama-capillari azungezwe ngamapulangwe angama-osseous afana nezindandatho ezigciniwe nama-cylinders. Ingqimba yangaphandle ye-fibroblasts iguqulwa ibe yindawo ehlanganisa i-clavicle.

Ukukhubazeka kwamathambo ensikeni engenhla

Ngenhla sithole ukuthi yi-clavicle nokuthi yenziwa kanjani ngenqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwamabhomu. Ama-anomalies ama-clavicles avela ekuphuleni kwe-osteogenesis evamile embryo futhi ngenxa yalokho okushiwo umuntu.

Ngakho-ke, i-hypoplasia, enezibonakaliso zokungaphili kahle noma ukungabikho okuphelele kwe-clavicle ekhanda lesikhumba esingenhla, ichazwa yisici segesi esise-autosome futhi esisezweni elibusayo. Ukuphulwa okunjalo, njenge-crynaal-clavicular dysostosis, kubonakala yizimo eziphuthumayo ekuthuthukiseni izigaba zobuso nobuchopho be-skull futhi kuhambisana nokuhamba kwemvelo kwe-scapula ne-clavicles, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-acromioclavicular. Ngokuvamile, i-pathology ye-belt upper belt ibhalwe kanye nezinye izifo ekusetshenzisweni kwamathambo, isibonelo, kwi-Golts syndrome, okungavamile ekuthuthukiseni amadivaysi yamazinyo, ukuhlukumeza ngokweqile kwe-melanin nezilonda zesikhumba se-trophic kuhlangene ne-clavicular hypoplasia.

Kulesi sihloko, sasihlolisise isakhiwo, imisebenzi, ukutholakala kwamathambo we-clavicle, okuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesigcawu esingaphezulu kwesiguli somuntu.