HIA: okulotshiweyo. Abantwana abakhubazekile. Ukuthuthukiswa kahle izingane ezikhubazeke ngokomzimba

Yini esithi HIA? Sokuqonda ofunda abakhubazekile. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa abantu abanobuthaka ekuthuthukiseni kokubili ezingokomzimba nezingokwengqondo. Inkulumo ethi "nezingane ezikhubazekile" kusho abanye ngeziphambeko ukwakheka ingane, uma kunesidingo, ukudalwa izimo esikhethekile ekuphileni.

Izigaba kahle izingane ezikhubazeke ngokomzimba

Ukwahlukaniswa eziyisisekelo uhlukanisa iziguli zibe amaqembu elandelayo izingane:

- ne ukuziphatha disorder nokuxhumana;

- nge ukungakhuli ukulalelwa;

- abanokukhubazeka ezibukwayo;

- ngenkulumo dysfunctions;

- ushintsho of the system zemisipha;

- ne retardation ka kwengqondo;

- ne retardation sengqondo;

- iziyaluyalu eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Abantwana abakhubazekile, izinhlobo zabo, ahlinzeke zokulungisa ukuqeqeshwa izikimu ngawo ingane kungaba mahhala kusuka bekhubazekile noma kakhulu ukunciphisa ukukhinyabezeka kwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma usebenza nezingane nge umbono kahle, usebenzisa imidlalo ye-computer ekhethekile zemfundo ezisiza ukuthuthukisa umbono we analyzer (mazes Schulte etafuleni , njll).

izimiso zokufunda

Ukusebenza ingane abanokukhubazeka Liyindawo eyisicefe futhi kudinga isineke. inketho ngayinye idinga ukuhlukumeza kwehlelo layo ukuthuthukiswa, izimiso eziyinhloko zazo yilezi:

1. ukuphepha kwenqondo.

2. Usizo yokuvumelana zezemvelo.

3. Ubunye ubambisane.

4. Ukugqugquzela ingane ukuba inqubo yemfundo.

Esigabeni sokuqala imfundo kuhlanganisa ngokubambisana neNhlangano komfundisi, lo nesithakazelo esikhulayo ukuqaliswa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. High school, kumelwe alwele ukwakha isikhundla civil kanye zokuziphatha, kanye ekwakhekeni amakhono zokudala. Akumelwe sikhohlwe umthelela ekuthuthukiseni nezingane ezikhubazekile lemfundo umndeni, edlala indima enkulu ekwakhekeni ubuntu.

Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi inqubo ngabanye yokuba kuhilela ubunye izinhlelo kwezenhlalo namasiko, futhi izici zokwakheka komuntu. ukuthuthukiswa atypical Inesici eyinhloko ukuthi kwabangelwa izici zokwakheka komuntu. Yena, yakha izinguquko yesibili eziye saphakama imvelo sokugembula. Ngokwesibonelo, isici eyinhloko abayizithulu, kanye yesibili - elafika nezimungulu. Ukutadisha ubuhlobo izinguquko eyinhloko futhi okwalandela, uthisha L. S. Vygotsky isihambile isikhundla, othi yokuphambana okwengeziwe eyinhloko ahlukaniswa izimpawu yesibili, uyophumelela kuyoba ukulungiswa zokugcina. Ngakho, ukuthuthukiswa kahle izingane ezikhubazeke ngokomzimba ehlaselwe izici ezine: uhlobo ukuhlukumeza, ikhwalithi, ngezinga elithile futhi isikhathi ukwephulwa main, kanye zezemvelo.

Imfundo yezingane

Nge efanele futhi ifike ngesikhathi okuqalwe ukuthuthukiswa ingane, ukuhluka eziningi kumiswa esizayo kungenziwa kakhulu mitigated. Imfundo kahle izingane ezikhubazeke ngokomzimba kufanele kube high. Okwamanje kunesicelo Liyanda inani lezingane nge ukungakhuli ezinzima, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokusebenzisa imishini eziphambili, uhlelo yesimanje kwezimilo, abafundi abaningi ukufinyelela ezingeni oyifunayo yentuthuko esigabeni yazo.

Okwamanje, umkhuba ezikhulayo ukuqeda ukungalingani izikole zemfundo kanye kweziMilo, indima imfundo ehlanganisa. Kule ndaba, kukhona heterogeneity omkhulu of the ukwakheka engokwengqondo, engokomzimba ukuthuthukiswa zabo zomqondo abafundi, okuyinto nzima kakhulu lithathelwe nezingane ezikhubazekile kuzo zombili ezempilo ngaphandle iziyaluyalu sokusebenza. Thishela ngokuvamile nje ulahleke izindlela zokuhlinzeka usizo nokusekelwa ukuze abafundi abakhubazekile. Kukhona futhi amaphutha isicelo ezihlukahlukene kolwazi nobuchwepheshe phakathi izifundo noma emisebenzini yangemva kwesikole. Lezi izikhala kukhona ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

1. yokuntuleka wezemfundo we ezidingekayo zobuchwepheshe ingqalasizinda, software kanye hardware.

2. Ukungabi bikho izimo ezidingekayo, okuhloswe ngazo imisebenzi co-curricular.

Ngakho, ukudalwa "umgoqo-mahhala" imvelo ekufundiseni namanje inkinga.

Imfundo Eletha zonke

yokufunda Ibanga is ngokuqiniseka ukuzuza indawo udumo emfundisweni kanye namafomu bendabuko. Ngale ndlela yokuhlela inqubo yemfundo lula kakhulu ukulungiswa imfundo esezingeni elifanele sezingane ezikhubazekile. Kulungiswa yokufunda ibanga simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: it kuyindlela yokufunda, izinzuzo okuyizinto:

1. lithathelwe High kwizimo ukuphila nempilo abafundi.

2. Ngokushesha ubuyekeze ukwesekwa methodological.

3. Ikhono ngokushesha ukuthola ulwazi oluthe xaxa.

4. Ukuthuthukiswa self-inhlangano kanye nokwaneliswa.

5. Ikhono ukuthola usizo lapho etadisha ngokujulile tesifundvo.

Leli fomu uyakwazi yokuxazulula impikiswano yokuthi isikole ekhaya izingane bexhwalile, kanjalo bushelelezi imingcele phakathi kwawo izingane ngaphandle abakhubazekile impilo.

GEF. HIA ezinganeni

Ngesisekelo Standard singasebenza izinhlobo ezine zokuqeqesha. Icacisa inketho wazifunela abafundi senzeka ngesisekelo izincomo ikhomishana ezingokwengqondo, odokotela kanye nokwenza amalungiselelo Pedagogical. Ukuze ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezinhlelo zokuxhasa uhlelo ezikhethiwe ziyabhekelelwa izimo ezikhethekile ezidingekayo ingane abanokukhubazeka. Linikeza soshintsho komunye okufana kwenye ne ekukhuleni kwengane. Lezo kungenzeka ngaphansi kwale mibandela elandelayo: isicelo usizi olungapheli kubazali, isifiso sengane, ibonakale Ngaphawula ushintsho oluhle ukuqeqeshwa, imiphumela PMPC, kanye ukudala izimo ezidingekile inhlangano zemfundo.

izinhlelo zentuthuko uma sicabangela GEF

Kunezindlela eziningana of zezifundo ngesisekelo Standard. Inketho yokuqala yenzelwe izingane owayenganikela ngesikhathi beqala esikoleni ukufeza ezingeni oyifunayo yentuthuko kanye ezingasetshenziswa abambisane ontanga yabo. Kulokhu, belingana abafundi enempilo wabhalisa abafundi abakhubazekile. Kulungiswa lokhu kukhetha kanje: izingane zifunde imvelo efanayo, angaphansi kakhulu nezidingo efanayo ekupheleni esikoleni zonke ukuthola incwadi imfundo.

Abantwana abakhubazekile ababhalise kulesi samuntu sokuqala, banelungelo kudlule izinhlobo ezahlukene isitifiketi ezinye izinhlobo. nemibandela ekhethekile zisetshenziswa isigaba ezithile zempilo umfundi. Uhlelo main zemfundo kuhlanganisa saziso umsebenzi zokulungisa, ukuthi ilungisa kwamaphutha in ekukhuleni kwengane.

Eyesibili uhlobo lohlelo

Abafundi abakhubazekile esikoleni iqeqeshwa ngaphansi le ndlela, zifanelekile isikhathi eside. Ukuze uhlelo main ijoyina ukuqeqeshwa izinhlelo eziningana esekelwe izidingo umfundi ukuba zihibe impilo. Lolu khetho ezingase zithathwe njengethuba lokufunda ngokubambisana nontanga, kanye wokubukisa ngamaqembu ahlukene noma amakilasi. Indima ebalulekile ekufundiseni kolwazi nobuchwepheshe play futhi imishini ekhethekile eyandisa amathuba umfundi. Indlela yesibili inikeza umsebenzi oyimpoqo okuhloswe ngaso ushona kanye ukunabisa nakho komphakathi abafundi abakhubazekile.

Uhlobo lwesithathu

Abafundi nge HIA ubhalisile kulesi samuntu, ukwakheka etholwe, ufana ukuthi okuyinto etholakala ngaphandle iziyaluyalu abafundi impilo. A imfuneko ukuqaliswa kwe-Lekharikhulamu ukudala ezibophezelekile imvelo ngabanye. Abafundi abanokukhubazeka, kanye ekomidini uchwepheshe ukukhetha uhlobo isitifiketi futhi ukuqeqeshwa isikhathi. Kulokhu, kungenzeka ukuba afeze imisebenzi ukuqeqeshwa njengoba wabe nontanga kanye wokubukisa ngamaqembu ahlukene nezinhlangano ekhethekile.

Eyesine lohlelo

Kulokhu, lo mfundi abanokukhubazeka amaningi abaqeqeshiwe kwezempilo ngokuzitholela uhlelo, ikhumbula uhlelo ngabanye. Imfuneko Ukwakheka kwezitho kube khona isimo lapho ngezinga eliphezulu zamakhono kwenzeka ekuphileni ukuqaliswa emphakathini. Inketho wesine kuhilela ukuqeqeshwa ekhaya, lapho Igxila elalanda phakathi ukufinyelela okulula othintana nomphakathi kanye nesipiliyoni. Ngokuba ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo angasebenzisa amafomu inethiwekhi wokubambisana ngezisetshenziswa ahlukahlukene emfundo. Abafundi abaqeqeshiwe ngempumelelo ngokuvumelana samuntu samanje, isitifiketi esikhishwe ukuze iphethini ejwayelekile.

Ethile angabhekwa labo izikhungo zemfundo lapho nokuqalisa kokubili uhlelo main futhi bazivumelanisa izidingo wengane abanokukhubazeka. Lezi zinhlangano zifaka phakathi amakilasi obanzi, okuvumela abantwana nezinkinga zempilo ukuthuthukisa ngokukhululekile emphakathini. Futhi kulezi izikole ukuthi iwumsebenzi okuqhubekayo hhayi kuphela nezingane kodwa abazali babo, abafundisi.

Ezemidlalo njengoba umsizi okuthembekile. uhlelo Ukusebenza

HIA (uphethwe) - lokhu akusona isizathu ukunciphisa umsebenzi motor ingane. Ukuphumelela isiko ngokomzimba ekuthuthukiseni izingane kuyinto eyenzeka obungenakuphikwa. Through umdlalo kwandisa umsebenzi umthamo, ekukhuleni, ukuqiniswa kokunikezwa kwezidingo zezempilo.

Bonisa akhethiwe ngamunye noma abafundi zihlukaniswe amaqembu kuncike imikhakha izifo. Amakilasi aqala nge elifudumele-up, lapho zihambisane nezinsimbi zomculo we izingane ukwenza ezinye ukunyakaza elula. Preparatory ingxenye kuthatha imizuzu engaphansi kwengu-10. Ngokulandelayo, inguquko engxenyeni eyinhloko. Kule ngxenye izivivinyo kuyenziwa ukuze uqinise esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, imisipha ezandleni nasezinyaweni, ekuthuthukiseni ukubambisana nabanye. Ukusetshenziswa ithimba imidlalo kunomthelela ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo amakhono zokuxhumana, "Umoya wokuncintisana" okukhulunywa ngaye, ukudalulwa amakhono abo. Ingxenye yokugcina Thishela uya ukunqanda imidlalo kanye umzimba uyifingqa Imiphumela ngokwawo mayelana nomsebenzi owenziwayo.

Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha kunoma iyiphi izifundo kumelwe bavumelane GEF. HIA izingane kungaba ngcono indlela yokuzivivinya umzimba ezifanele, ngoba Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi umzimba asathuthuka, eba ingqondo.

Indima yabazali

Kanjani ukuba ngabazali abanomthwalo ingane abanokukhubazeka. izifinyezo sokuqonda elula - abakhubazekile. Ithola isinqumo esinjalo siholela abazali esimweni singenamandla, ukudideka. Abantu abaningi bazama uphike kwaleso sifo, kodwa ekugcineni kufika ukuqaphela kanye ukwamukelwa yokungafaneleki. Abazali ukujwayela futhi zamukele izikhundla ezahlukene - ". Angikwazi kube ingane okungenamsoco" kusukela "Ngizokwenza ingane yami bangaphambili bathathelwa indawo ubuntu agcwele" ukuze La malungiselelo kudingeka kubhekwe uma uhlela zokusebenza kwengqondo insizakalo elekelela sezingane ezikhubazekile sinempilo. Abazali kudingeka wazi ifomu efanele usizo olukhulu ingane yenu, naphezu imibono HIA, izindlela lithathelwe, izici ukuthuthukiswa.

Entsha yokusondela ekwakhekeni

imfundo Joint kahle izingane ezikhubazeke ngokomzimba kanye nezempilo ngaphandle ukuphambuka asekelwe futhi kuchazwe inombolo kwemibhalo. Phakathi kwabo kukhona: National Imfundiso wezeMfundo, sencwadzi sesimanje imfundo isiRashiya, isinyathelo kazwelonke zemfundo "okusha School yethu". Umsebenzi abanokukhubazeka kuhilela imisebenzi elandelayo imfundo ehlanganisa: ezifuywayo, zomthetho, ukusebenza, futhi lithathelwe nomphakathi abafundi, kulandele nokuhlanganiswa umphakathi wabo. Ukuze ukuthuthukisa ngempumelelo amakhono ezikoleni ezikhethekile ahlele imisebenzi yangemva kwesikole, lapho izingane zonke izimo sokuthuthukisa amakhono angeziwe. Leli fomu imisebenzi yokufunda izingane nezinkinga zempilo kufanele esihlelwe ne zokusebenza kwengqondo kanye acabangele izici ngamunye kwebafundzi. Esikhathini eside, umsebenzi nesineke bengqondo athuthukile zilekelele ngokushesha noma kamuva kuzoholela.