Eyokuqala wamaphaphu ukufakelwa eRussia

Kuze kube muva nje, ukufakelwa izitho zangaphakathi ngiphupha abalobi yesayensi. Ngenhlanhla, kunentuthuko hhayi emi namanje, futhi namuhla le misebenzi eyenziwa emhlabeni wonke. Impendulo yalo mbuzo othi: "? Lapho wamaphaphu ukufakelwa wokuqala okwenziwe ezweni lethu", Kanye ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe lo msebenzi ethulwa ukunakwa kwakho kulesi sihloko.

ERussia waqhuba yimpumelelo wamaphaphu ukufakelwa ingane yokuqala

Maphakathi nawo-ekwindla 2016, abezindaba abaningi Russian eshicilelwe izindaba ezihlaba umxhwele. ERussia, owokuqala yimpumelelo wamaphaphu ukufakelwa wawenziwa ingane. Isiguli - intombazane eneminyaka engu nantathu ubudala - wahlushwa cystic fibrosis futhi ngesikhathi ukuhlinzwa isimo lakhe lalingezwakali ahlolwa njengencenye esinzulu. Ukuhlinzwa mathupha abaqondiswa Sergey gote - FNTS Inhloko transplantation kanye Artificial Izinhlaka. Shumakov. Lung Ukufakelwa eyenziwa uhlukile kakhulu ngenxa yobudala isiguli. kwakunzima ngempela ukukhetha abanikelayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukucinga bese uhlole ukuhambisana zeNhlangano amadoda omdala akhethiwe. Kuze kwaba sekupheleni impela, odokotela enganikanga izibikezelo olunembile nomndeni wentombazane. Futhi manje, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ukusebenza isiguli sibukeka ngokuphelele ziphilile. Ngaphambi ukufakelwa intombazane iminyaka engu-2 cishe akakhethi esibhedlela ubengase uhogele imaski umoya-mpilo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esingaba yinyanga nje ngemuva kokuhlinzwa isimo lesiguli akakubangeli ukukhathazeka. Le ntombazane kancane kancane bafunda ukuphila ngendlela entsha, ngaphandle i imaskhi oksijini, eziningi umdvwebo futhi wahamba ngisho nomkhaya wakhe. Odokotela ukunikeza izibikezelo emihle kuphela, kodwa namanje isiguli kuzodingeka ibhekane inombolo yokuhlolwa kanye nezivivinyo.

Russian isipiliyoni wamaphaphu kabusha i isiguli esingumuntu omdala

I ucwaningo kuqala ku wamaphaphu ukufakelwa ezweni lethu wachitha VP Demihov kule minyaka 1940. Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe iziguli kwakufanele izinja, abacwaningi bakwazi ukubonisa ukuthi ukufakelwa kwezitho esifubeni izilwane zokuhlola engenziwa. Ngokuphathelene ukufakelwa of wamaphaphu womuntu, odokotela yasekhaya wakwazi ukuthola umphumela omuhle kuphela ngo-2006. kokungenela Steel isibe ukuzwa yezokwelapha wawuba Petersburg. Isiguli - udokotela wesifazane - kwaba ngisesimweni esibucayi kakhulu. Lo msebenzi ngoba wamaphaphu ukufakelwa eRussia kwenziwa ngenxa yomsebenzi ehlelekile ochwepheshe 45 emikhakheni ehlukahlukene nokusiza abaxhasi abacebile. Ngokusho ukulinganisa, izindleko ukufakelwa wayengekho ngaphansi kuka-200 dollar ayinkulungwane. imisebenzi efanayo eyenziwa ezweni lethu namuhla, kodwa abakwazi ngokuthi mass. ukuhlinzwa ngasinye sihlelelwe futhi uzilungiselele ngamunye.

Zitshala izitho emishinini yokuphefumula - ngokoqobo esikhathini sethu?

Kwezokwelapha emhlabeni ebonisa ukuthi ukufakelwa kwezitho zangaphakathi kungenzeka. ngu sohlangothi olulodwa noma zamazwe amabili wamaphaphu ukufakelwa ukuhlinzwa, kanye eziyinkimbinkimbi "inhliziyo namaphaphu" aphethwe namuhla emazweni amaningi emhlabeni. imitholampilo abaningi futhi odokotela ngabanye ufunde ukufakelwa ezinjalo. Eminyakeni yamuva, emhlabeni unyaka ngamunye akusilo ngaphansi kuka 3,000 imisebenzi unyaka ngamunye, futhi leli nani liyaqhubeka likhula. ochwepheshe abaningi bayavuma ukuthi uma kukhona ngaphezulu donor wamaphaphu ukufakelwa Kwakwenziwa ngenjongo zonke iziguli ubufakazi.

Izifo lapho operation kuyadingeka

Kungaphansi kwaziphi izifo kuboniswe ukufakelwa? Ezimweni eziningi ukwelashwa kuhlinzwa kuvezwa iziguli ezinokuphazamiseka obstructive, isib ne-emphysema. Umsebenzi ungenziwa ukusiza iziguli izifo azalwa naso ezifana-cystic fibrosis. Lung ukufakelwa eRussia nakwamanye amazwe emhlabeni ayeba e eqine izifo, evamile wabo - idiopathic yamaphaphu cystic. Futhi izinkomba ukuhlinzwa kukhona Eisenmenger syndrome kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yamaphaphu. Ukufakelwa inikezwa kuphela ezimweni lapho ukwelashwa kanye nehlukile kuhlinzwa engalethi imiphumela emihle. Umsebenzi odokotela - ukuhlola isimo jikelele isiguli nokugasela yokugula kwakhe. Bona uma ufuna ukufakela futhi ukuthi kukhona amathuba empumelelo yayo, kungenzeka ngesisekelo ukuhlolwa laboratory kanye cwaningo emtholampilo.

I izinkomba for wamaphaphu ukufakelwa

Lung ukufakelwa kungase kwenziwe iziguli ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-eminyakeni 60-65. Umsebenzi kuboniswe ngoba umonakalo ezinzima ukuze wamaphaphu izicubu, kakhulu konakalise izinga lesiguli zokuphila. Uma, ngokuvumelana izibikezelo wezazi ukubukela, ngaphandle ukufakelwa ngeziguli eziphilayo ahlale kuyindaba yokukhathalelwa izinyanga (ngaphansi konyaka owodwa), cishe, uyophuza kube ukuhlinzwa ahlinzekwa. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi umfakisicelo ukufakelwa kwaba isesimeni esihle ngokomzimba, akabanga ngeziphambeko emibi evela isisindo umzimba okahle. Ezinye izazi enakile futhi psychosocial inhlalakahle iziguli.

Izimo Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke kanye isihlobo

Lung ukufakelwa ukusebenza asikwazi ukwenziwa in iziguli ezinegciwane lesandulela-ngculaza noma ukungasebenzi abalulekile izitho zangaphakathi. Noma yimuphi umdlavuza, ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo C no khona hbs-antigen ezigulini nge contraindication ukuze ukufakelwa ukuziphatha. okungenani ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngaphambi kosuku okulindeleke ukusebenza isiguli kufanele ayishiye ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, utshwala nokusetshenziswa ugwayi. Kukhona uhlu Izimo isihlobo ukuhlinzwa. Eminye imitholampilo noma ochwepheshe ukubheke njengengxenye ngokuphelele. Inani eliphakeme nokufa phakathi kwabantu abakhuluphele, ngubani yanquma ku ukufakelwa wamaphaphu. Ubunzima ukufakelwa inyuka uma isiguli kwake kwenziwa wokusebenza izitho thoracic. Uma isifo samaphaphu kubangelwa yigciwane, ukulwa izilokazane ezincane kufanele kube phambi ukusebenza. Isifo sikashukela - omunye izici isihluku. Ngo khona kwale isifo samaphaphu ukufakelwa engenziwa, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba njalo ukuqapha inani ushukela egazini.

Ukucinga futhi Ukukhethwa donor

Enye yezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu ukufakelwa emhlabeni - anenombolo enganele donor izitho for Ukufakelwa. Into wukuthi lo mnikelo uyisenzo kungenzeka kuphela ngemva kokuthola emitholampilo yokuthi sokufa zobuchopho. Kulokhu, ukususwa kwezitho for kwezitho uye ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha kanye zomthetho ayinkimbinkimbi angezwakali. inombolo ezinganele zabantu abaphila namuhla, isikhathi ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, a ngizodonsela kahle ngisho khona isifiso sokuba yisithunywa kubanikeli. Iningi ngokuvamile, lo mnikelo kusekelwe kwemvume abaseduze nezihlobo zomufi. Ngokuphepha futhi okufika ngesikhathi ukushintsha emaphashini womntwana eRussia - kuba ngaphandle ujabulile umthetho, uma onikelayo efanelekayo itholakala ngokushesha okwanele. Ngokuvamile abantu abalahlekelwe isihlobo sabo eduze, akuzona uzimisele ukuthatha isinqumo esibaluleke njengalesi ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthola lezi zindaba ezibuhlungu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukunikela bengayi wonke umuntu. The main izidingo: iminyaka engu-55 eminyakeni, ukuntuleka nenshisekelo kwabo emaphashini nasesifubeni radiograph evamile amazinga. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi lokuthi kwaba ongabhemi noma malokuryaschim (20 iphakethe-iminyaka). Ngaphambi ukufakelwa ukuhlola ukuhambisana donor futhi wamaphaphu iziguli.

Ubuqili ukuhlinzwa wamaphaphu ukufakelwa

Emva kokuthola ndlela ukufakelwa futhi ukuphothulwa luhlolo, isiguli kuphela irisidi olulindelekile ka donor efanelekayo. Uma emtholampilo kuyoba umnikelo kwezitho, iziguli zilindele ukuhlinzwa, okungukuthi ngokuphuthuma wabiza yayo ukuqaliswa. Lung ukufakelwa eRussia, kanye emazweni aseNtshonalanga, aphethwe endaweni eyodwa futhi ezimbili indlela izindlela. Uma isiguli yikulu ngakunye Lobe yamaphaphu, lo imbobo ngakolunye uhlangothi lwale esifubeni sako siyothathwa okunye. Emhlanganweni zamazwe amabili ukufakelwa imbobo senziwa phakathi kwesifuba. Kwezinye izimo, ezimbili imbobo ziyalingana eside zingenziwa. Noma yimuphi ukufakelwa kwezitho zangaphakathi wenziwa ngaphansi izinzwa jikelele, ngokusebenzisa operation isiguli aquleke futhi engazizwa lutho.

Ukuvuselelwa emva ukufakelwa

Ukuphumelela wamaphaphu ukufakelwa incike indlela nokuvuselelwa lwenziwe. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, iziguli ezidinga ukwelashwa eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa nokuvimbela izifo, Physiotherapy, amanzi postural. Ngu izinkomba ngabanye kungenziwa thoracostomy futhi bronchoscopy kunikezelwe. Ngaphandle eliphezulu nokuvuselelwa wamaphaphu ukufakelwa ingane noma umuntu omdala, okungukuthi cishe ngeke ulethe omuhle imiphumela.

Ingabe kukhona ukuphila ngemva wamaphaphu ukufakelwa?

Kukhona isimo sokunquma eziningana for wamaphaphu ukufakelwa kokuhlaziywa. Okubaluleke kakhulu kubo - sokusinda. Eyokuqala wamaphaphu ukufakelwa eRussia omuhle yi kwenziwa ngo-2006, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi awuzange ngaphambili akuphumelelanga imizamo. Ukuze bathi ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwami kuhambe kahle, kungenzeka ukuthi uma isiguli buphele ngemuva kokuthi isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, futhi yezinkinga waphawula awazange. Uma sikholwa emhlabeni izibalo, isilinganiso sobude bokuphila kwabantu iziguli emva wamaphaphu ukufakelwa okungukuthi 5-6 iminyaka. Iningi leziguli emva kokuhlinzwa baye baphawula abalulekile ubungcono izinga lempilo. Kwenzeka inqaba, ngemva kokuphela kwesikhathi nokuvuselelwa, abantu abaningi abaye baba wamaphaphu Ukufakelwa baziwa, bahlala ngaphandle kokulinganiselwa okungokwenyama.

nakho emhlabeni

Eyokuqala wamaphaphu ukufakelwa emhlabeni, ngemva kwalokho isiguli wahlala izinsuku 18, kwenziwa ngo-1963. Lokhu kuhlinza uye wafakazela ukuthi ukusebenza engenziwa. Umlando elikhiqizayo futhi kuphumelele wamaphaphu ukufakelwa waqala in the 80s kwekhulu elidlule. Senzeka ngaleso sikhathi ngempumelelo izidakamizwa "Tacrolimus" omusha, elawula izivikeli mzimba zomzimba. Kancane kancane isitho ukufakelwa ubuchwepheshe luphelele. Namuhla, isitho Ukufakelwa kwenziwe amaningi athuthukile amazwe. Ngonyaka 3000 eyenziwa eziningi ezifana imisebenzi. Naphezu kwezithiyo ezinjalo izibalo umxhwele, ulindele isikhathi sabo leso siguli, mayelana 30% eziguli iphathwa kuze kube manje. ERussia, zikhona yonke imithombo zokusondelana amazinga kwezilwandle. ukufakelwa eyimpumelelo yamaphaphu intombazane ephethe ezweni lethu - hle bonakaliso.