ESiberia AmaTatar, ngamasiko nemikhuba yazo. AmaTatar eRussia

Sonke usuzwile ukuthi amaTatar - laseSiberia, Kazan bese YaseCrimea - isizwe eside ngempela abahlala endaweni wezwe enkulukazi. Kuze kube manje, ezinye zazo yamukeleke, futhi manje zinzima ngempela ukuhlukanisa kusukela lwamaSlav, kodwa kukhona nalabo, naphezu kwako konke, ragela phambili usihlonipha amasiko kanye namasiko waboyisemkhulu.

Le ndatshana ihlose ukunikela njengoba kwebalingisi esinembile kummeleli ezinjalo sezizwe abantu isiRashiya, isi-Russian lwesiTatar. Umfundi uyofunda okuningi ulwazi olusha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho esiyingqayizivele ngalaba bantu. Isihloko kuyoba mnandi kakhulu futhi cognitively. Hhayi lutho ngoba amasiko namuhla Tatar ezibhekwa omunye omdala futhi engavamile kakhulu kule planethi.

Imininingwane kawonkewonke ngabantu

AmaTatar eRussia isizwe ukuthi ezinabantu kudume ngumgogodla European wezwe lakithi, kanye Urals, eVolga esifundeni, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Ngaphandle kwezwe, bahlangana eKazakhstan nase-Asia Ephakathi.

Ngokusho ethnographers ososayensi elilinganiswayo labantu okwamanje ayizinkulungwane 5523. Abantu. Ukukhuluma ngokuvamile ngabantu, amaTatar, kufanele kuphawulwe, kungenziwa ahlukaniswe Ethno-indawo yabo isisekelo ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-iVolga-Ural, eSiberia futhi Astrakhan.

Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, bathambekele bazibiza sibirtatarlarami noma sibirtarami. Kuphela eRussia, bahlala ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 190. Abantu, futhi angaba yizinkulungwane 20. Kungatholakala kwamanye amazwe-Asia Ephakathi futhi Kazakhstan.

ESiberia AmaTatar. kwamaqembu ezinhlanga

Phakathi lesisizwe kukhona okulandelayo kwamaqembu ezinhlanga :

• Tobol-Irtysh ehlanganisa kurdaksko-Sargatskoe, Tyumen, Tara futhi yaskolbinskih Tatar;
• Barabinsk, okubandakanya Barabinsk-turazhskie, tereninsko-Choya futhi lyubeysko-tunusskie AmaTatar;
• SaseTomsk, ehlanganisa Kalmyks, eushtintsev nezingxoxo.

Anthropology nolimi

Ngokuphambene nalokho okukholelwa yiningi, ngokuya anthropological AmaTatar kubhekwe heterogeneous kakhulu.

Into wukuthi, yithi, eSiberia AmaTatar e ezibukeka ngayo iyafana kakhulu okuthiwa hlobo eNingizimu-laseSiberia, okuqondene omkhulu uhlanga Mongoloid. AmaTatar, ophilayo njalo eSiberia, kanye labo abahlala esise-Ural, iVolga izifunda, khuluma abo ngolimi lwesiTatar elingelakwaJuda kuya Kipchak iqeqebana we Turkic evame kakhulu (yama-Altaic umndeni ulimi).

Ulimi lwabo etemibhalo kanye kwakhiwa ngesisekelo okubizwa ngokuthi lwesigodi phakathi. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, yokubhala, okuthiwa Runes Turkic, ke singasho sithi omunye omdala emhlabeni.

ESiberia AmaTatar Amasiko izinto ikhabethe kazwelonke

Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ngalo kanye ekuqaleni kwekhulu elidlule imizana bendawo Tatar akazange agqoke izinto zangaphansi. Ukubukwa kule AmaTatar kuncike Russian futhi babe ngokuphongoza nomunye. Underwear izingubo yokugcina babe ibhulukwe ngempela libanzi futhi ihembe. Kokubili amadoda nabesifazane babegqoka phezu beshmets kazwelonke, okuyizinto amajazi sihlanganise indawo ebanzi kakhulu nge ezinemikhono emide.

Futhi okudume kakhulu jackets, zazo ezazenziwe njengoba imikhono noma ngaphandle kwabo. ntandokazi Special kunikezwa isikhathi eside elikhethekile lendawo Chapanov ingubo. Abesifazane babo Tatar zazenziwe Homespun eqinile. Kusukela nemakhata izingubo ebusika Yiqiniso, nisindiswe, ngakho isizini nemakhata iziqu kokuthola nanoma yiziphi amajazi efudumele noboya amajazi ngokuthi abakuwo ulimi noma amathoni tunami ngokulandelana.

Endaweni ethile ngesikhathi kwekhulunyaka vogue Russian noboya coat, noboya amajazi, semvu amajazi kanye elingenamikhono sika. Ngakho begqoke amadoda. Kodwa abesifazane babekhetha bagqoke up in a ngokucebile ukuhlotshiswa Folk ingubo amaphethini. By the way, kunenkolelo yokuthi yaseKazan AmaTatar kufakwe kunokuba eSiberia. Okungenani manje ngowokuqala ngokuya izingubo nhlobo sihluke lwamaSlav zomdabu, kuyilapho yokugcina agcinwa ngempela ngaphandle, futhi imfashini zisabalulekile labo abanamathela amasiko kazwelonke.

Kanjani ukuphela kwendawo yokuhlala yendabuko abantu

Ngokumangalisayo, AmaTatar bakhulume isiRashiya, ohlangothini olude wahlala eceleni, banalo mbono elihluke ngokuphelele ukwakhiwa okubizwa ngokuthi ekhaya. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, nemizana yayo yokugcina ngokuthi la maqhugwane kanye auls. Lezi emizaneni, ezimweni eziningi elise ogwini emachibini noma emifuleni.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izimeya zendawo ngokufanele ngokucophelela elibukhali ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izitaladi, kungakhathaliseki idolobha noma amadolobhana nesizotha, etholakala imigqa eqondile aphambana ngokuqinile at engele kwesokudla. Kazan AmaTatar, ngasendleleni, lesi simiso akakaze kuyalandelwa. Bangabaholi maphakathi nalesi sigodi kwaba umbuthano cishe ephelele ukuze washintsha kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ezitaladini-reyi.

Indlu AmaTatar abahlala eSiberia, kusenzima nhlangothi zombili komgwaqo, futhi kuphela kwezinye izimo, isibonelo ku ichibi, kukhona ukuthuthukiswa eyodwa emaceleni. Maqhugwane zazenziwe ngokhuni, kodwa mosque, ngokuvamile yayakhiwe ngezitini.

Against ngemuva jikelele njalo wema iziteshi leposi, izikole, izitolo kanye izitolo, kanye sokukhanda.

Tatar yokuhlala kuyaqabukela ehlotshiswe iyiphi amaphethini. Kuphela ngezinye izikhathi ungathola zeJiyomethri isetshenziswa zamafasitela umpheme wophahla izindlu noma wonke amasango izindlu. Futhi lokhu akukho ngozi. Zibonisa izilwane, izinyoni, noma nakakhulu ngakho umuntu kungavunyelwa Islam.

Ngokuqondene umhlobiso ingaphakathi, ukuthi ngisho manje yesimanje AmaTatar eMoscow, eSt Petersburg nakwamanye amadolobha enkulu ezweni lethu ngokuvamile kakhulu ukuhlobisa izindlu zawo namafulethi amatafula ongaphakeme ezinemilenze kanye Amakhabethe eyinkimbinkimbi.

imisebenzi yezomnotho

Ngazo zonke izikhathi, yokuvinjezelwa yendabuko baleli qembu AmaTatar ezolimo. It yayikhona ngaphambi kokufika amasiko Russian abantu. Timphawu Namanje kunqunywa geography lendawo ohlala kuyo. Ngokwesibonelo, engxenyeni eseningizimu yeSiberia advantageously esekhulile unyaluthi ukolweni, oats kanye rye. On ezindaweni enyakatho singekho bekulokhu futhi iyaqhubeka iba echibini nokudoba emfuleni.

Ezaziphila ngokufuya kungajayezwa ezindaweni ehlathini-asemaqeleni noma kwi solonetz asemaqeleni, okuyinto eye yaba abadumile njalo ngoba utshani zabo. Uma ukuvumela lokhu ukuba umhlaba, nohlaza esifundeni kwakuhunyushwa zasendle, eSiberia AmaTatar, ngokungafani kuya Tatar efanayo, njalo ezifuywa amahhashi nezinkomo.

Ukukhuluma yezandla, ingasaphathwa ibhizinisi ukushuka, yokukhiqiza ephezulu amandla sezindophi, elenziwe Linden Bast ekhethekile, Ababazi bakha obhasikidi, amanetha ukunitha futhi cishe mass-kukhiqizwa izidingo siqu ukuze exchange of birch namagxolo izinto, izikebhe, izinqola, eqhweni futhi sleds.

Izinkolelo abamele yalesi sizwe

Selokhu ngekhulu le-18 e-Russian eSiberia iningi AmaTatar amaSulumane Sunni, futhi namuhla isikhungo sabo esingokwenkolo itholakala emzini Ufa. Ngamaholide ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi lodumo kabanzi kucatshangwa Eid al-Adha futhi Eid al-Ramadan.

Cishe ngokushesha nje ngemva kokufika Russian yingxenye ebalulekile AmaTatar ebuKristwini futhi waqala ukuqhuba Lobu-Orthodox. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lezi abameleli isizwe, njengoba umthetho, nginqume amaqembu abo zomlando yobuhlanga baqhubeka ukulolongwa labantu Russian.

Ngisho cishe engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19 ezindaweni ngobuningi khona babeyizikhonzi zesikhathi wezenkolo ahlukahlukene wobuqaba wasendulo, nemilingo wanda, futhi abelaphi wendawo iphathwa iziguli. Met nomhlatshelo, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho isigubhu kanye lisetshenziswe ngendlela beater izindwani ezikhethekile.

Phela, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi Labelaphi kungaba kokubili amadoda nabesifazane.

Izinkolelo, izinganekwane kanye izinganekwane

onkulunkulu bamanga kwakhe okuphakeme laseSiberia AmaTatar babekholelwa kudaya futhi Tangri. Futhi bona ayekholelwa ebukhoneni imimoya emibi Aina komhlaba, owanikhipha enkingeni, ukugula, ngisho nokufa.

Izinganekwane ukufakaza nemimoya ekhethekile izithombe. Kwakumelwe, ngokusho legend, kwadingeka ukuba kwenziwe birch namagxolo amahlumela awo, bese ushiye endaweni ekhethekile ehlathini, ngokuvamile kakhulu agcwalise izihlahla. Kukholakala ukuthi angabavikela lonke idolobhana kusuka nobunzima.

Ngokuvamile futhi kwenzeka ukuthi onkulunkulu nje enjalo lokhuni kwadingeka nail phezulu ophahleni lwezindlu. Bona okwakulindeleke ukuba babavikele kuwo wonke amakhaya.

Kukholakala ukuthi imimoya yabafileyo ingaba ukuhlasela emzaneni, ngakho abantu bendawo ngezikhathi zazenziwe Indwangu onodoli ekhethekile Kurchakov. Babefanele igcinwe Ababazi bakha obhasikidi ngaphansi imithi eluhlaza eduze emathuneni.

Izici cuisine kazwelonke

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngisho nanamuhla YaseMoscow AmaTatar, Petersburg, Kazan bese Ufa iqholo ngiziqhayise izibiliboco futhi athokoza cuisine yayo. Yini ekhethekile kangaka? Yebo, empeleni, into ekhethekile, ngaphandle, mhlawumbe, yokuthi cishe konke lapha empeleni ezihlwabusayo kakhulu.

Ngo ukudla kwayo laseSiberia Tatar bakhetha ukusebenzisa ikakhulu inyama (ingulube, amaphiva, unogwaja inyama nezinyoni) kanye nobisi (Ira ukhilimu, ibhotela, ushizi kanye cottage shizi) imikhiqizo.

amasobho Huge ethandwa. Izivakashi manje zokudlela imfashini Tatar ngenjabulo wathenga Shurpa noma kunalokho uhlobo ufulawa isobho, kanye izifundo kazwelonke lokuqala kusuka ukolweni, ilayisi noma inhlanzi.

Ezivamile wokudla ubisi based noma amanzi uzilungiselele ngokungeza ibhali noma oats.

AmaTatar - abathandi odumile ukudla okunesitashi. Lapho nje ithuba livela kuwufanele ukuzama amakhekhe abo, ophaya ne izitsha, into ngalokwanele efana pancake yethu.

Inhlangano yezenhlalakahle AmaTatar eSiberia

Phakathi nokubusa le Khanate laseSiberia kulesisizwe kwakukhona okuthiwa ubudlelwane tribal izakhi ekhona emiphakathini ahlala kuyo. Ekuqaleni, le miphakathi babengamakhulu amabili: edolobhaneni epherishi. ukuphathwa inkampani kwenziwa usebenzisa imibuthano yeningi. By the way, usizo mutual kulesisizwe - lokhu akuyona into engavamile, futhi i-oda kokujwayelekile izinto.

Omunye akufanele sikhohlwe mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu tuguma, owawungumnyaka lonke iqembu lemikhaya ayimisa phakathi izibopho zomkhaya. Lokhu umzimba zokuphatha ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa ukulawula umkhaya yasekhaya ubudlelwane, kanye wengamela ukubulawa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba abantu futhi emikhosini yenkolo.

Uhlelo lwemfundo yesimanje Tatar

Ngokuvamile, kuze kube manje, le nkinga kubhekwa omunye kunazo ukuphokophela. Akukho lutho isimanga kuleli qiniso ukuthi amaTatar laseSiberia benza eziningi umzamo ukwethula izingane zabo ezifundisweni kazwelonke namasiko eminyaka ubudala.

Naphezu lokhu nokwenziwa kuyinto namanje kuyaqhubeka. ingxenye encane amaTartar kuphela uyakwazi ukuthumela izingane zabo ehlobo edolobhaneni ukuba umkhulu nogogo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kubanikeza ithuba iqhaza emikhosini kazwelonke noma ukuze silufunde lolu limi. Ingxenye enkulu kuthomba ukuhlala edolobheni isikhathi eside ukhuluma kuphela ngesiRashiya futhi nombono ofiphele kakhulu mayelana namasiko waboyisemkhulu.

Ezindaweni uyaca nemizana of AmaTatar, njengoba umthetho, kukhona amaphephandaba ngolimi lwabo, izikhathi eziningana ngesonto; kokubili nomsakazo nomabonakude ukusakaza uchungechunge nezinhlelo ngesiTatar. Nokho, kwezinye izikole, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya, aphethwe izifundo ezikhethekile.

Ngeshwa, ukuze uthole imfundo ephakeme ngolimi lwesiTatar eRussia akunakwenzeka. Nokho, kusukela ngonyaka odlule entsha okukhethekile "Tatar izincwadi nolimi" yethulwa amanyuvesi. Kukholakala ukuthi othisha esizayo kokuphothula lolu ubuhlakani uzokwazi okufundisa ulimi lwesiTatar esikoleni.