Emabito: izibonelo. Amabizo - emabito abo futhi ezivamile

Umuntu ngamunye isebenzisa malanga onkhe amakhulu nemabito inkulumo yabo. Nokho, akubona bonke bazokwazi ukuphendula umbuzo ngokuthi isigaba kwelinye noma elinye igama namagama ngendlela efanele noma undabuzekwayo, futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona umehluko phakathi kwabo. Nokho, kusukela lezi ulwazi ilila akuxhomekile nje kuphela esimweni lemakhono ekukwati kufundza nekubhala ebhaliwe, kodwa futhi nekhono lokuqonda kahle ngalokho abakufundayo, ngoba ngokuvamile kuphela ukufunda amagama, ungabona igama noma nje igama izinto.

Ibizo: -ke

Ngaphambi uyaqonda ukuthi yini amabizo abizwa ngokuthi emabitombamba futhi ezivamile, kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi.

Amabizo amagama ukuphendula umbuzo "Yini?" "Ngubani?" Futhi obonisa igama izinto noma abantu ( "etafuleni", le "ndoda"), ziyashiyana ukwehla, ubulili, inombolo bese icala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazwi eziphathelene le ngxenye kwenkulumo, kukhona yangasese / undabuzekwayo.

Umqondo libito: Emabitomvama nelungile

Ngaphandle okuhlukile ezingavamile, zonke emabito basonta isigaba noma impahla, noma ubuso.

Ukuze uqambe yasendlini ngokufingqiwe izinto eyohlobo noma izenzakalo, okungase ihluke nomunye kwezinye izici, kodwa isazoqhubeka ngokuthi igama. Ngokwesibonelo, ibizo elithi "ithoyizi" - a Emabitomvama, kodwa uyifingqa ngamagama izinto ezahlukene: izimoto, onodoli, teddy bear kanye nezinye izinto kuleli qembu. Ngo isiRashiya, njengoba kwamanye amabizo evamile njalo abhalwe ngamagama amancane.
Emabito emabito - amagama abantu ukuthi ivelele izinto, izindawo noma abantu. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "unodoli" - a Emabitomvama, uqambe isigaba amathoyizi, kodwa igama brand ethandwa "Barbie" unodoli yigama efanele. Zonke amagama efanele ibhalwa capital.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Emabitomvama, ngokungafani bebodwa, baphathe lapho kukhulunywa ngento ethile lucebe. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho bethi "unodoli", kuba sobala ukuthi kuyinto ithoyizi, kodwa lapho okukhulunywe nje igama "UMariya" ngaphandle umongo Emabitomvama Akucaci ubani noma yini kuba - intombazane, unodoli, igama le-brand, wezinwele noma ushokoledi.

ethnonyms

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, zikhona emabito siqu Emabitomvama. Izazi zolimi, ososayensi baye asikafiki ukuba kuvumelana udaba yokuxhumana phakathi izindawo ezimbili. Sabalalisa 2 Bheka lo mbuzo: ngokokunye, phakathi Emabitomvama nemabito eyabo abe kuhlukane line ecacile; kwelinye, le mhosha ohlukanisa la esithweni akuyona ngokuphelele ngenxa njalo inguqulelo emabito komunye kancane kwesinye. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuthiwa okuthiwa amazwi "Intermediate" ukuthi ezakho bebodwa, noma ibizo yasendlini, kodwa babe nezici zombili izigaba. Lezi emabito kukhona ethnonyms - amazwi lokho kusho amagama abantu, izizwe, izinhlanga kanye nezinye imiqondo efanayo.

Emabitomvama emabito izibonelo nezinhlobo

Esikhathini nesilulumagama selulwimi Russian amabizo ezivamile. Bonke zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezine.

1. Specific - zimelela izinto noma izenzakalo bungabalwa (abantu, izinyoni nezilwane, izimbali). Ngokwesibonelo, "omdala", "umntwana", "Blackbird," "Shark", "umlotha", "violet". emabito Specific ezivamile cishe njalo amafomu wobuningi futhi buningi ihlanganisa zesi ambalwa "omdala - abantu abadala ababili", "omunye violet -. violets ezinhlanu"

2. Abstract - zimelela imiqondo, imizwa, izinto lingenakubalwa, "uthando", "impilo", "ukukhalipha". Ngokuvamile lolu hlobo Emabitomvama esetshenziswa kuphela sisebunyeni. Uma ngesizathu esisodwa noma kwenye Ibizo yalolu hlobo isibe ubuningi ( "ukwesaba - kwesaba"), usawoti ngokunembile wonke umqondo walo abstract.

3. Izinto - selisho izinto eyohlobo ukubunjwa abangenalo izinto ahlukene: izakhi zamakhemikhali (mercury), ukudla (macaroni), izidakamizwa (Citramonum) nezinye imiqondo efanayo. emabito Real Akulula ku-akhawunti, kodwa ingakhishwa kulinganiswa (amakhilogremu pasta). lolu hlobo Emabitomvama amazwi unefomu eyodwa kuphela noma amaningi noma ongashadile: "umoya-mpilo" - inombolo olulodwa, "cream" - ubuningi.

4. Collective - ibizo, kusho isiqalo nesigcino yezinto ezifanako noma abantu, njengoba eyodwa, ebumbene, "ubuzalwane", "ubuntu". Amabizo yalolu hlobo akukwazi akhawunti bese asetshenziswa kuphela sisebunyeni. Kodwa nabo ungasebenzisa elithi "kancane", "ngaphezulu", "amancane" nokunye okunjalo: a rebyatni okuningi njengoba elihamba nabanye.

Emabito: izibonelo nezinhlobo

Kuye ukubaluleka lucebe zabelwe zalezi zinhlobo efanele amagama emabito: 1. Anthroponyms - amagama, amagama okufihla, izidlaliso neziteketiso zabantu: Vasileva Anastasiya, Zhorzh Sand.
2. theonyms - amagama amagama onkulunkulu: uZeyusi, Buddha.
3. Amagama izilwane - izibongo neziteketiso kwezilwane: Mongrel inja, ikati Marie.
4. Zonke izinhlobo amagama - amagama ezindawo, amadolobha (Volgograd), amadamu (iBaikal), emgwaqweni (Pushkin), njalo njalo.
5. Aeronautonimy - igama ezihlukahlukene Isikhala izindiza: i-mkhathi "Vostok", esiteshini inter-esemkhathini "Mir".
6. Amagama imisebenzi yobuciko, izincwadi, amabhayisikobho, izinhlelo zethelevishini, "Mona Lisa", "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso", "Kuqondile", "Jumble".
7. Amagama izinhlangano, amawebhusayithi, izinhlobo, "Oxford", "Vkontakte", "Milavitsa".
8. Amagama amaqembu nakweminye imibuthano: Christmas, Independence Day.
9. Amagama eyingqayizivele zemvelo: ISiphepho u-Isabel.
10. Amagama izakhiwo eliyingqayizivele futhi izindawo: cinema "Rodina", ezemidlalo eziyinkimbinkimbi "-Olympic."

Ukudluliswa kobunikazi ku Emabitomvama kanye noHezekeli

Njengoba ulimi akuyona into abstract futhi njalo bathonywa kokubili izici zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, amagama ngokuvamile ukushintsha kancane yabo: sihamba impahla ku Emabitomvama nemabito ezivamile ziba impahla amabizo. Izibonelo zalokhu ivamile impela. Ngakho zemvelo mkhuba "frost" - kusuka Ibizo ezivamile yaphenduka Ibizo efanele, igama Frost. Uhlelo lokususa igama lomndeni siqu ngokuthi onimizatsiey yabo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo igama physics esidumile German Wilhelm Roentgen eyaqala ukutholwa X-ray, sekuyisikhathi eside babe egameni ucwaningo lutho nomphakathi wabo emisebeni "X-ray" enkulumweni yansuku zonke ye isiRashiya. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi apellyativatsiey futhi amazwi - eponyms.

Indlela ukuhlukanisa

Ngaphezu umehluko semantic, kukhona kolimi, ngokuvumela kube nomehluko ocacile phakathi emabito Emabitomvama siqu. isiRashiya kule ndaba ngempela esisebenzayo. Ukukhishwa Emabitomvama, ngokungafani bebodwa, njengoba umthetho, it has a ukuma kanye nenombolo ubuningi elisebunyeni: ". Umculi - abaculi"

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, esinye isigaba cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi kusetshenziswe kuphela sisebunyeni: Picasso - igama umdwebi sika, inamba engafani eyaziswa. Nokho, kunokuningi okungakhulunywanga ngakho, lapho kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amabizo ubuningi siqu. Izibonelo lesi sihloko, ukusetshenziswa ekuqaleni lisebuningini: edolobhaneni Omkhulu Ezinemisebe. Kulokhu, emabito siqu ngokuvamile bancishwa sebunyeni: ZaseCarpathos ezintabeni.
Ngezinye izikhathi amagama efanele ingasetshenziswa lisebuningini, uma uqoke sabantu abehlukene noma izenzakalo, kodwa amagama afanayo. Ngokwesibonelo: In isigaba sethu ezintathu Xenia.

Wenzenjani ukupela

Uma nokuloba ezivamile emabito emabito ulula: zilotshiwe izinhlamvu ezincane, kanti bonke abanye kufanele balandele imithetho ejwayelekile isiRashiya, esinye isigaba, kukhona ezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama ukuthi odinga ukukwazi ukuze ubhale kahle emabito abo. Izibonelo lokubhala abampofu ngokuvamile itholakala hhayi kuphela ezincwadini zesikole budedengu, kodwa futhi imibhalo abantu abadala kanye nabantu abahloniphekile.

Ukuze ugweme amaphutha ezinjalo kufanele ufunde izimiso ezimbalwa ezilula:

1. Amagama Zonke efanele, ngaphandle kokukhetha, zilotshiwe nge capital, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa izidlaliso heroes edume: uRichard the Lionheart. Uma igama, isibongo noma indawo ngegama siqukethe emabito ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, kungakhathaliseki zilotshiwe eceleni noma hyphenated, ngamunye la mazwi kumelwe ziqale ngohlamvu dolobha. Isibonelo ezithakazelisayo iyona isidlaliso we villain eyinhloko nendumezulu Harry Potter - Voldemort. Wesaba ukumbiza ngegama lakhe, amaqhawe wizadi okubi ngokuthi "Yena akakwazi ngokuthi." Kulokhu, zonke amazwi amane abhalwe ngonobumbakazi, ngoba isidlaliso of uhlamvu.

2. Uma igama noma igama nezihloko, izinhlayiya nezinye izinhlayiya izinkulumo ezisemthethweni, zilotshiwe izinhlamvu ezincane: Albrecht von Graefe, uLeonardo da Vinci, kodwa Leonardo DiCaprio. Esikhathini isiqephu sesibili, "di" Ngokwesibonelo silotshiwe umusho, bofeleba, njengoba olimini lokuqala kulotshiwe kanye igama Leonardo DiCaprio sika. Lesi simiso sisebenza nasemadodeni amagama amaningi efanele abadabuka kwamanye amazwe. Ngo amagama empumalanga abonisa isimo sezenhlalo izinhlayiya "hit", "Suhl", "emshabam", "Pasha", nokunye okunjalo, kungakhathaliseki phakathi a zwi, zingabantu ekupheleni noma abhalwe ngamagama amancane. Isimiso esifanayo siyasebenza nakubafazi ukupelwa namabizoqho izinhlayiya kwezinye izilimi. "Isizinda" isiJalimane, "zu", "auf"; Spanish "de"; Dutch "van", "ba"; French "des", "du", "de la".

3. elise ekuqaleni amagama avela kwezinye izilimi izinhlayiya "San", "uSanta", "uSanta", "Ben" ibhalwa capital kanye ikhonco (Saint Zhemenei); Ngemva kokuba kudlule cishe enjalo kuwufanele aphostrofi futhi uhlamvu olulandelayo - isihloko (O. Henry). Ingxenye "macro-" kufanele kubhalwe ithuba amahayifeni, kodwa ngokuvamile kulotshiwe ndawonye ngenxa ukusondela ukuba umbhalo wokuqala: McKinley, kodwa McLain.

Bengekho nale timu kanye kahle elula (lokho Ibizo izinhlobo emabito izibonelo), singakwazi unomphela baphungula silly, kodwa ngempela ezingemnandi isipelingi amaphutha kanye nesidingo njalo bheka kwisichazamazwi ukuze uzihlole.