Zindlela ukudluliselwa ulimi lomakhelwane wakhe. Inkhulumongco nenkhulumombiko

Isintu ayikwazanga esesikwenzile intuthuko lanamuhla ngaphandle kokuba nokwenzeka ukuxhumana ngamazwi nomunye. Thina - ingcebo yethu. Ikhono ukuxhumana nabantu kokubili izizwe zakho nezinye avunyelwe amazwe ukuza ezingeni samanje impucuko.

ulimi lomunye

Ngaphezu amazwi akhe, kukhona into okuthiwa "inkulumo yomunye umuntu." Lezi izitatimende ukuthi ezakho umbhali, kodwa afakiwe engxoxweni jikelele. Futhi amagama inkulumo eziyinqaba amazwi umbhali, kodwa kuphela labo imishwana ayelikhuluma noma esikhathini esidlule noma uhlela ukuthi esikhathini esizayo. Kwengqondo, okubizwa ngokuthi "inkulumo kwangaphakathi", futhi yomunye umuntu. Kungaba wetemlomo nobe lobhalwako.

Njengoba isibonelo sicaphuna kusukela encwadini Mihaila Bulgakova "Master noMargarita": "Ucabanga - worriedly kuhletshwa Berlioz, futhi wayecabanga ukuthi:" Yena kulungile "

Ukudluliswa ulimi lomunye

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ulimi sekukhona izindlela ezikhethekile yokudlulisela yokukhuluma yomunye:

1. inkhulumongco.
2. inkhulumombiko.
3. Dialogue.
4. Ukulandisa.

inkhulumongco

Uma sicabangela izindlela yokudlulisela yokukhuluma yomunye, lokhu yakhelwe zokugaya izwi nezwi yefomu nokuqukethwe kwengxoxo.

Design yokukhuluma ngqo libe izingxenye ezimbili - Lawa ngamazwi ka-umbhali, futhi, eqinisweni, inkhulumongco. Isakhiwo zalezi zakhiwo zingase zihluke. Ngakho, indlela kungaba izindlela ukuze uthumele yokukhuluma yomunye? izibonelo:

• Okokuqala kukhona amazwi umbhali, kulandele inkhulumongco.

Masha wangena ekamelweni ehhotela, waqalaza, wabe esephendukela Cole wathi: "Igumbi Kuhle kakhulu! Ngizophila ngisho nesazoqhubeka. "

• Lapha sokuqala inkhulumongco, bese amazwi umlobi.

"Igumbi Excellent ngabe ngiye ngahlala lapha ngisho ukuphila!", - uthe Masha Kole, lapho Wasengena yekamelo lehhotela.

• Indlela yesithathu ikuvumela ukuba enye phakathi inkhulumongco namazwi umlobi.

"! Igumbi Excellent - bayahlonishwa lapho uMariya bafika egumbini ehhotela Wabe waphendukela kolya: - ngabe ngiye ngahlala ukuphila lapha.."

Inkhulumongco nenkhulumombiko

Thina e umuntu wesithathu angadluliselwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Omunye wabo ukusetshenziswa Inkhulumongco nenkhulumombiko. inkhulumombiko - lokhu imisho lemagalagala nge ongaphansi izjasnitelnyh. Futhi ngenxa yalokho kungenzeka ukudluliselwa ulimi lomakhelwane wakhe. izibonelo:

Mary Cole ukuthi igumbi kuyinto enhle kakhulu, futhi yena ngabe owayeze azihlalele ukuba bahlale kuwo.

Bona wabingelela nomunye, no-Andreya wathi Mikhail Viktorovich, wathokoza ukubona kuye.

izindlela zokuxhumana

Indlela lapho Union noma Union dlala ukuxhuma lekhontile main futhi ungaphansi yikulumo-mbiko, ngokuthi kukhethwa wokuxhumana. It kuncike isiphakamiso sokuqala, futhi kusukela isitatimende injongo. Angase abe nesithakazelo esigijimini lelandzisako, causative, noma umbuzo.

• Emishweni declarative zivame kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ngesihlanganiso esithi "ukuthi", "uma" noma "uma." Ngokwesibonelo: Umfundi wathi: "Ngizokhuluma emhlanganweni wabo ne umbiko izinkinga zemvelo esifundeni." / I mfundi wathi uyokhuluma emhlanganweni wabo ne umbiko izinkinga zemvelo esifundeni.
• Union "ukuze" isetshenziswa imisho ibalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo: Umqondisi wesikole ngaphambilini: "Bamba iqhaza embukisweni edolobheni." / Uthishanhloko beyalwa ukuba iqhaza embukisweni edolobheni.
• Isigwebo interrogative izindlela zokuxhumana kungaba isabizwana isihlobo, le kuyizinhlayiyana "uma", noma kuyizinhlayiyana ezimbili "uma ... uma." Ngokwesibonelo: Abafundi wabuza uthisha: "Uma udinga ukuthatha coursework esihlokweni sakho '/ Abafundi wabuza uthisha: uma udinga ukuthatha coursework.

Ngo Inkhulumongco nenkhulumombiko samukelwa ukusebenzisa izabizwana tento ngesikhundla okhulumayo. Lapho iziphakamiso zidluliselwa kusukela inkhulumongco ku Inkhulumongco nenkhulumombiko, bavame ukushintsha kwamagama, kukhona ukulahleka izici ngamunye. Ngokuvamile lokhu isibalazo, kuyizinhlayiyana noma Amazwi okuvula. Ngokwesibonelo: "Kusasa kungaba ngempela kubanda," - wathi umngane wami. / Umngane wami wasikisela ukuthi ikusasa liyoba ngempela kubanda.

Double inkulumo engaqondile

Uma ucabangela izindlela ukuze uthumele yokukhuluma nomunye kufanele basho lo mkhuba double inkulumo engaqondile. Lo mqondo kuhlanganisa kokubili inkhulumongco nenkhulumombiko. Ukusho ngokuphelele noma ingxenye lolu hlobo azigcina futhi syntactic, nezici lucebe yokukhuluma, isikhulumi okuhambisa ngendlela.

Sici Its main iyona ukudluliselwa elandisayo. Kuyinto egameni umbhali, hhayi kusukela uhlamvu.

Ngokwesibonelo: "It is kulinganiswa emhlabeni ikamelo, bengazi ukuthi ukwenza kahle, indlela ukuchaza kumfowabo ukuthi kwakungasebenzeki esho etshela bonke abazali Phela, ungaphindaphindi lokhu Kodwa ubani owayezoyikholwa wakhe kukangaki yena ekhashelwa Antics yakhe, kodwa manje ...! ... kudingeka sicabange okuthile. "

inkhulumomphendvulwano

Enye indlela ukuze uthumele inkulumo yomunye kuyinto inkhulumomphendvulwano. Lena ingxoxo phakathi kwabantu eziningana, obonakaliswe inkhulumongco. Siqukethe kwemifanekiso, ie ukudluliswa amazwi ingxoxo umhlanganyeli ngamunye ngaphandle kwezinguquko. Ngamunye esashiwo ibinzana ihlobenenamanye e isakhiwo kanye nencazelo, nezimpawu zokubhala ukudluliselwa ulimi lomunye akashintshi. Inkhulumomphendvulwano ungahlangana amazwi kombhali.

Ngokwesibonelo:

- Awu, kanjani inombolo yethu? - Kohl ebuzwa.

- Igumbi Kuhle kakhulu! - waphendula Masha. - Ngingathanda ukuhlala lapha ukuze siphile.

izinhlobo lengxoxo

Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyisisekelo mpendulwano. Okuwo abantu ukhuluma nomunye, futhi njengoba ingxoxo kungaba ezahlukene.

• Dialogue kungaba kuqukathe imibuzo kanye nezimpendulo kubo:

- Izindaba ezimnandi! Futhi lapho iyona ekhonsathini? - Vic ebuzwa.

- Ngemva kwesonto, inombolo nesikhombisa. Ingabe amahora ayisithupha. Kufanele nakanjani hamba, ngeke uzisole!

• Ngezinye izikhathi isikhulumi iphazamisekile e phakathi nalowo musho. Kulokhu, inkhulumomphendvulwano izokuba imishwana sidle ukuthi encyclopedia iyaqhubeka:

- Futhi inja yethu iqala ukukhonkotha akuveza ngalesi sikhathi ...

- Futhi, ngiyakhumbula! Ubusesikhathini ingubo ebomvu kwaba. Yebo, ngalolo suku saba nesikhathi enkulu thina. Kuyohlale kudingeka ukuphinda ngandlela-thile.

• Kwezinye izingxoxo isifaniselo izipikha umphelelisi bese uqhubeke umqondo jikelele. Bathi ukuxoxa isihloko ezivamile:

- Lolu kuthiya imali kancane xaxa bakwazi ukuthenga indlu encane kakade, - kusho ubaba umndeni.

- Yebo, endaweni ethile kude befuna enkabeni yedolobha. Kungcono ezisemaphethelweni yayo. Noma ngisho edolobheni, eduze nemvelo, ehlathini, umoya ohlanzekile, - wacosha umama wakhe umcabango.

- Ngiyakuphemba ekamelweni lakho! Ngimelwe qiniseka ukuthi ekamelweni lakho! Futhi inja! Silibangise inja, yeh, umama? - wabuza eneminyaka eyisikhombisa Anya.

- Yebo. Ubani omunye uzokwazi ukuvikela indlu yethu? - kusho umama.

• Ngezinye izikhathi izingxoxo angamukela noma ukuphikisa okushiwo nomunye:

- ngamshayela namuhla, - wathi udadewabo - ukuthi, ngombono wami, ngangazizwa kahle. Voice ababuthakathaka futhi hoshozela. Ache nhlobo.

- Cha, kungcono, - uthe le ntombazane. - Temperature ubuthongo, futhi esesuthi yavela. Maduze alulame.

Kubukeka sengathi amafomu eyinhloko inkhulumomphendvulwano. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi singazi ukuxhumana kuphela ngesitayela esisodwa. Ngesikhathi socingo, sihlanganisa imishwana ezahlukene isimo. Ngakho-ke, kukhona uhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi inkhulumomphendvulwano, eliqukethe inhlanganisela ezahlukene ke.

izingcaphuno

Lapho umfundi wabuza wathi: "Yiziphi izindlela yokudlulisela yokukhuluma yomunye", wayevame uyakhumbula nomqondo inkhulumongco nenkhulumombiko, kanye izingcaphuno. Izilinganiso ngokuthi amazwi izwi nezwi kumuntu othize. Ocashuniwe ibinzana ukucacisa, ukuqinisekisa noma siphike umqondo womunye umuntu.

Confucius wake wathi, "Khetha umsebenzi ngendlela ethandwa nguye, futhi ungenayo ukusebenza ngosuku olulodwa empilweni yakhe."

Quote njengendlela ukudlulisa ulimi lomunye kuyasiza khombisa imfundo yabo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi stymied ngu interlocutor. Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi inkulumo ethile sake othile akukhulumile, kodwa ayengobani lawo abantu - abazi. izingcaphuno Ukusebenzisa, udinga qiniseka wombhali yabo.

Ekuphetheni

Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuze uthumele yokukhuluma yomunye. Khona-ke abakhululiwe emikhulu inkhulumongco nenkhulumombiko. Kukhona indlela ehlanganisa kokubili imiqondo le - inkulumo double engesobala. Ingxoxo ka webantfu lababili nobe ngetulu ngokuthi inkhulumomphendvulwano. Futhi lokhu futhi ukudluliselwa ulimi lomakhelwane wakhe. Nokho, uma sicaphuna USocrates: "Okuwukuphela ukuhlakanipha kwangempela ungaphakathi siqaphela ukuthi ngempela ukuthi yini."