Diphyllobothriasis: izimpawu kubantu kanye nokwelashwa lwemithi

Diphyllobothriasis iyisifo yisinanakazana, ephelezelwa lesion eyinhloko izinhlaka ipheshana wokugaya ukudla, kanye anaemia megaloblastic. Activator salo eduze tapeworm - a tapeworm (D.latum), okungaba abafika kwabangu-10 m futhi ngaphansi kuka 10 zama-uhlobo lwe Diphyllobothrium wafunda Diphyllobothrium.

Izimbangela zesifo

Ukutheleleka diphyllobothriasis womuntu kwenzeka ngokudla eziphehliwe insufficiently iphathwa indlela ezishisayo noma imikhiqizo izinhlanzi kabi anosawoti, futhi lapho ukusika izinhlanzi kanye nokusingatha enganele izinga glassware ngemva kwalo. Lapho ingress izimpethu emzimbeni womuntu kwenzeka ngokuvumelana iketango eside.

Indlela lokwabelana diphyllobothriosis

amaqanda Tapeworm abavuthiwe phakathi amanzi ahlanzekile nge lokushisa 10-20 ° C isikhathi esingangenyanga. Khona-ke, bahlukene koraditsii-embryo, nakho zidliwa ezinamagobolondo, isib, copepods. Lokhu - plerocercoids - isigaba sokuqala Lesisemkhatsini ukutheleleka lapho izibungu akhiwa helminth. Khona-ke isigaba sesibili, lapho izinhlanzi angenasawoti ezifana Pike, Dab, perch, umbokwane, trout et al., Ezinamagobolondo Ukudla nomzimba wakhe izibungu ukuqedela ukuthuthukiswa yabo kuze kufike esigabeni zezinhlobo ovuthiwe. Futhi kuphela emva kwalokho izimpethu ukuthola ibandla lazo esichazayo futhi, ngokufanelekile, umthombo ukutheleleka - umuntu, noma, okungenani, omele inhlanzi yokudla izilwane ezifana ingulube, impungushe, ibhere, uphawu, njll Kuyinto emizimbeni yabo kakade avuthiwe amagciwane amaqanda helminth esiphuma ngesikhathi sokuzikhulula nokuthuthwa kwendle liwele amanzi ahlanzekile, ukuqala uchungechunge entsha ukutheleleka.

Parasitizing le tapeworm amathumbu ububanzi siqukethe izinkulungwane eziningana izingxenye (proglottids) amaqanda equkethe, futhi ngokuqinile exhunywe izindonga donor emathunjini amancane nge izimbotshana ezimbili (bothria) etholakala ekupheleni ikhanda yalo. Nakuba ubude amagciwane ngezinye izikhathi ifinyelela 10 metres, zikhona izimo lapho umzimba womuntu Bahlala izimpethu eziningana.

Indawo ukusabalala kwezifo

Diphyllobothriasis womuntu ezivamile phakathi izakhamuzi izifunda isimo sezulu sifudumele abandayo, lapho labantu iyona esemqoka izinhlanzi ukudla Roe yayo. Lesi sifo kwenzeka emazweni ase-European, ikakhulukazi eScandinavia, Japan, eNingizimu Melika, i-Afrika, e-USA, Canada, neRussia.

Pathogenesis futhi Pathologic isithombe diphyllobothriasis

Uma emzimbeni womuntu, a tapeworm siba nomphumela pathogenic mechanical, esinobuthi iguliswa futhi Neuro-reflex nemvelo. Okokuqala, kuba ukwephula i-emathunjini mucosa bothria lapho enamathiselwe ezindongeni helminth. Lokhu kuphumela yoma futhi necrosis we mucosa. amagciwane imikhiqizo umzimba avuse autosensibilizatsionnye izinqubo. ISidlo ephawulekayo endogenous gipoavitaminoz folic acid kanye vitamin B12, okuyinto kanye imikhiqizo umzimba ukudakwa amagciwane ukuphila kule 2% kuphakamisa anaemia megaloblastic. Isikhathi ukutheleleka isesikhathini iminyaka eyishumi.

izimpawu diphyllobothriasis

Kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-20 kuya ku-60 - isikhathi esithile bayashintshana ekufukameleni has bothriocephaliasis izimpawu kubantu ziqala ukuvela kuphela ngemva kwalesi sikhathi. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi izimpethu abe ifomu ovuthiwe ngokobulili, exhunywe odongeni emathunjini bese ziqale ukusebenza. Diphyllobothriasis iqala ukuzibonakalisa kancane kancane. Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo, nokubhamuka nokuhlanza, lesisu distention, ubuhlungu ubuhlungu epigastric, imnyama, ukuphazamiseka esihlalweni - konke ephelezelwa izinkomba ezisheshe zivele bothriocephaliasis. indoda nesithombe diphyllobothriasis esizayo ngeke njalo zibonisa kuye nge pallor okuphawulekayo isikhumba nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, kanti isiguli oyohlushwa ukutubeka komzimba, isiyezi, ubuthakathaka, ubuhlungu besisu, paresthesia, ulimi hepatosplenomegaly, Achille, aqhephukile (kamuva olimi iba bushelelezi).

tachycardia Kubhekiwe, hypotension, ukozela, ikhononda systolic ngesikhathi sokudlondlobala, umsindo phezulu. ukuhlolwa kwegazi Laboratory mhlawumbe Iziguli onegciwane wabonisa isithombe esilandelayo: kwehle elithwala umoya-mpilo, yenani eliphansi abomvu egazi, anda bilirubin oqondile, okusezingeni eliphezulu umbala, inkomba, neutropenia, leukocytosis, ephakeme ESR. I degree of kobukhulu kwegazi, kanye kobukhulu lesi sifo sihlasela umfutho kucabanga helminthic, khona izifo concomitant, ukumelana ingqikithi umzimba, ikhwalithi kanye nobungako ukudla yokuqothulwa.

Ukuze diphyllobothriasis ezinzima myelosis funicular sici, esingekho kuwo sivezwe ephula ukuzwela okujulile, ubuthakathaka umlenze, paresthesia esilufifi. Kwezinye iziguli, isikhumba avele ukuqubuka nomzimba (isifuba), ukwenyuka inani isibindi ubende. Ezimweni ezingavamile fixed epileptoformnye (apnea) ukuquleka, ukungabi namizwa nasemilenzeni, ukuhamba engagxilile. lawa bothriocephaliasis inezimpawu sina kanye nokwelashwa yalesi sifo kufanele waqala ngokushesha emva ukuxilongwa. Long isikhathi diphyllobothriosis kubangela ileus.

Nokho, kuyafaneleka ukuthi bothriocephaliasis, izimpawu zazo akhiwa eziningi ezihlaba umxhwele izifo ngezinye izikhathi has nhlobo esicashile (asymptomatic) isifo lapho ukutheleleka kutholwa kuphela kokutholakala amagciwane e indle izinsalela.

Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla diphyllobothriasis

Isisekelo uphethwe "bothriocephaliasis indoda" kukhona izikhalazo nesineke futhi ohambelana idatha zocwaningo laboratory. isifo okusolwayo ongakhonza eosinophilia egazini (i-Ukuhlasela kwakamuva), kanye thrombocytopenia futhi leukopenia, ephakeme erythrocyte sedimentation rate anaemia hyperchromic. Isici nobuntu isifo uthayiphe hematopoiesis megaloblastic. Uhlaziyo kubonisa inani elikhulu izinhlobo abasha zama-erythrocyte (megaloblasts, normoblasts, polychromatophilia, poikilocytes njll). A indima enkulu uphethwe udlala umlando epidemiological: amaqiniso uyabekezela sika uhlale endaweni sendawo, ukudla ezihlala emanzini angenawo usawoti iluhlaza noma anosawoti insufficiently caviar. Kodwa ekugcineni ibekwe kuphela uma ukuhlaziywa sezinyawo lesiguli libonisa abaqukethwe amaqanda noma izingxenye tapeworm ezibanzi.

Kukhona amacala lapho iziguli ziphathwe, waphawula izinsalela amagciwane endleni zabo.

Akubalulekile nje ukudida anaemia Addison-Birmera futhi bothriocephaliasis, okuyizinto izimpawu ezithi azifane. Kuze kube yimanje, eyalo okuqukethwe esiswini ngoba khona isici Castle anaemia lingekho.

Diphyllobothriasis: ukwelashwa

Uma isiguli sekutholakele ukuthi sine- "bothriocephaliasis" impatho Kwenziwa ngokushesha esibhedlela. Ngo ezinzima anaemia ngaphambi izinqubo vyvedeniiyu helminth vitamin izinga babelwe (B12, i-folic acid, i-iron). Vitamin B12 iqondiswa ngemijovo esicutshini ka 200-500 mg 2 noma izikhathi 3 ngesonto. Isikhathi yokwelapha Vitamin izinsuku ezingu-30.

Ukuze degelmentizatsii wasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifana "biltricid", "Praziquantel", "Niclosamide" noma "Azinoks". "Fenasal" isidakamizwa angasetshenziswa ukususa amagciwane. Zonke imithi udle ngemlomo nangekubhala nethonya okukhwantabalisayo ka helminth. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi silwanyana ilahlekelwa ikhono zizogcineka ngaphakathi emathunjini nangaphakathi. Kubalulekile kakhulu ngalesi ithrekhi, ukuthi tapeworm waphuma ngokuphelele. Ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokugcina ungase elihlanza enema wamathumbu.

Ukuphumelela ukwelashwa izidakamizwa ezifana imayelana 95%, ezimweni ezingajwayelekile, ileus eziyinkimbinkimbi, degelmentizatsiya wenziwa surgically. Iziguli kwathiwa unesifo "bothriocephaliasis", eye selaphe ngempumelelo dehelminthization isinyathelo ukuqhutshwa nganoma Dispensary babukwe ukuthatha fecal ukuhlaziywa nyangazonke izinyanga eziyisithupha.

amakhambi abantu

Ngo Folk imithi ngoba ukuxoshwa izimpethu kuthiwa ngokwesiko esetshenziswa imbewu ithanga decoction wabo. imbewu Ithanga, iluhlaza noma omisiwe, triturated ngamanzi noju amukele imali 300 g. ngokuzila ukudla portionwise esingaphezudlwana kwehora. Le ndlela nobunzima kahle inkinga efana bothriocephaliasis womuntu. Izibuyekezo ze-degelmentizatsii yimpumelelo kusetshenziswa imbewu ithanga ukuvumela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza le ndlela.

Ukudla, Nutrition

Phakathi ukwelashwa, isiguli kufanele ihambisane diphyllobothriasis engashiyi ukudla akufaki ukudla esikudlayo kuyacasula ulwelwesi lwamafinyila isenzo odongeni emathunjini. Advantageously ukufakwa ukudla Ukudla nge wokuqukethwe lelisetulu vitamin B12, futhi i-folic acid.

Ikakhulukazi izingane

Worm KWAMAGUNDANE izingane idluliselwe izimpawu ngoyisiwula kusinda kakhulu igazi kanye vitamin kwamaphutha e seziguli ezisencane waveza okwengeziwe ngokucace.

Prevention diphyllobothriasis

Uma - umthandi ezihlala emanzini angenawo usawoti kanye bahlala ezindaweni enyakatho eduze machibi, ukuze ingagxili ku hook lesi sifo ezingemnandi njengoba bothriocephaliasis umuntu, nokuvimbela kufanele kube umthetho wakho wokuphila №1.

Ukuze kugwenywe diphyllobothriasis kufanele udle izinhlanzi angenasawoti okuphekiwe Ngokufanele kuphela, kanye caviar yayo izinga okusezingeni anosawoti kuphela. Kuyadingeka ukuba ngokuqinile ukugcina imithetho kwenhlanzeko lapho izinhlanzi ahlabayo nokupheka kuwo.

Kufanele wazi ukuthi lapho Zasole inhlanzi, kuncike lokuhlushwa usawoti, izibungu die kuphela ngemuva kwezinsuku 2-7. amaqanda helminth phakathi kwamathole brining ufe kungakapheli isigamu sehora at 10% ingxenyenamba mass usawoti maqondana isisindo amaqanda. Uma usawoti 5%, umkhiqizo kuba ukudliwa amahora has ngaphambili kuka 6, 3% - ngaphambili kuka ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili.

helminth izibungu nazo wabulawa nqabela ejulile (izinsuku 2-4 at 18 ° C, iviki elilodwa ezingeni lokushisa -6 ° C).

Lapho sitholakele isiguli, kubalulekile ukuhlola wonke amalungu omkhaya wayo, ngoba kulesi simo basengozini.

isikali Emhlabeni jikelele efanayo ukuze unciphise amathuba okutheleleka kufanele kube amaphesenti aphansi abathwali Lesisemkhatsini amadamu ngokunciphisa noma ekuqedeni ukudedelwa indle emachibini noma emifuleni, ukuqinisekisa ukuqapha sanitary yenqubo, kanye nesimo jikelele ogwini, amabhishi kanye nemikhiqizo izinhlanzi ngokufaka amabhizinisi ukudla umkhakha futhi izitolo. Kumele ziqashwe nezikhungo zezokwelapha isifo ezifana nesenzakalo esingokwemvelo njengoba bothriocephaliasis izimpawu ngokucophelela. Ukwelashwa nge ukuqiniswa uphethwe yini kufanele waqala ngokushesha futhi nge isheke esiyisibopho wonke amalungu emikhaya yabo khona ukutheleleka.

Ikakhulukazi abakhulelwe kanye lactating

KWAMAGUNDANE ezidlayo, - okungukuthi, uvithamini lokunemphilo kanye anaemia lapho simele ingozi kakhulu ngekusasa lempilo yesintu unina, futhi kwengane esiswini. Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele baqaphele ngokukhethekile, edla inhlanzi kanye caviar. Kubalulekile ungalahlekelwa izimpawu zokuqala zesifo ezifana nesifo izinhlanzi tapeworm, izimpawu zazo kalula sizididanise izimpawu ubuthi (preeclampsia), futhi ngokushesha sifune isiqondiso ku ukuhlolwa laboratory sezinyawo khona amaqanda impethu kuwo.

Ukwelashwa lesi sifo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe Kwenziwa, ephephile impilo umntwana ongakazalwa. Ngakho-ke, degelmentizatsii abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye lactating ayibeki umncele izidakamizwa ezifana "biltricid" futhi usebenzise ephephile Folk remedy - imbewu ithanga. Kwezinye izimo, impatho ubuhlengikazi omama kwathiwa unesifo "bothriocephaliasis indoda" ukuncoma esikhiqiza indlela ayekuthola diphyllobothriasis imithi ejwayelekile futhi grudnichka idluliselwe ngivalele yokudla.