Izinhlobo ezinkulu inqubomgomo yezezimali

inqubomgomo yemali iqoqo izinyathelo eziqondile, amafomu nezindlela kwethonya imiphumela imisebenzi kanye nezindlela ukusatshalaliswa kwezimali. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene inqubomgomo yezimali, kodwa zivumelana wemigomo esemqoka:

• ukwencika iminotho yonke;
• nezidingo zonke izinhlaka zomphakathi;
• indima juqu eyadlalwa imigomo amasu namacebo kufanele kube ukuyifinyelela;
• lokuzithoba kwezinkambiso komthetho wamanje we lizwe.

Ezingeni macroeconomic, inqubomgomo yezezimali - ithuluzi ngawo ekulinganiseni izinga lokukhula komnotho, ukuthuthukisa kwamaZwe. Ngempela, sibonga ukwabiwa okunengqondo izinsiza ibhizinisi uhlala esiqiwini, ingasetshenziswa ukuze sithuthukise isimo samanje inhlangano, ngokukhethekile, ukuthuthukiswa elala abalingani angaphandle.

Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo Inqubomgomo wezimali:

1. Classical.
2. Neoclassical.
3. Umqondo.
4. Ukuhlela futhi umyalelo.

inqubomgomo Classical kusekelwe ukwahlulelwa osopolitiki, njengoba u-Adam Smith noDavide Ricardo. Luhilela nokususwa ngokuphelele isimo umnotho emakethe, okungukuthi, uhulumeni akusho ezindabeni abathengisi, ngaleyo ndlela nokufeza inkululeko emakethe. Yiqiniso, kule ndaba, kakhulu kukhawulwe amandla wombuso kanye kunciphise nezindleko ingxenye. A ngenzuzo agcwaliswa ngezithukuthuku uhlelo intela, futhi nokwenza imali njalo.

Imihlobo ehlukeneko izinqubomgomo zezimali eziye zasungulwa izibalo kwezomnotho oluvelele. Omunye wabo inqubomgomo lelawula Keynes. Wagomela ukuthi isimo ubophekile ukuba bahlanganyele izimakethe kanye nokulawula kwabo usebenzisa amathuluzi athile zezimali. Ngemva kwalokho, lolu hlobo inqubomgomo yentela isibe nomthelela futhi izici zenhlalo wesi isimo. Ngakho, ushintsho futhi izimiso intela. Isibonelo, inezinga okuqhubekayo lapho kubalwa i-income tax. A indima enkulu wabelwa endaweni abolekise, futhi uboleka isimo, kanjalo nokufeza ukulingana izinkokhelo zilingana. Lokho, okuholela isabelomali kusilela laligcwele ngu sokubolekwayo. Kuyaphawuleka elinye iqiniso elibalulekile ezihlobene inqubomgomo zokulawula emkhakheni yokuphathwa kwezimali: umzimba owodwa asimeme ibilokhu ihlukaniswe yaba amayunithi eziningana ezimele.

umqondo Neoclassical ivumela kokungenela zomphakathi ngisho ibona ilingane, kodwa usetha imingcele. Kwakuthinta babecabanga ukuthi umnotho kanye kutenhlalakahle kumele ithuthukiswe ngokuzimela. Ngo umkhuba ke siye saba ehlukile ukulawulwa lezi zindawo aye anda kuphela kusukela uhulumeni waqala ukusebenzisa amanye kwezezimali, ngaphezu akhona, kubandakanya ukusungulwa izinga lokushintshisana futhi intengo izinguquko ku izibambiso nemikhiqizo ngekucindzetelwa kuqala. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuxazululeke umthwalo wentela, ikakhulukazi izakhamuzi engenayo ephansi.

Emazweni nge zokuphatha-umyalo umnotho lasetshenziswa ukuhlela-siqondiso uhlobo inqubomgomo. Wacabanga isiqondiso egcwele nokulawula nguhulumeni phezu yonke imikhakha yempilo emphakathini. Nganoma iyiphi indlela zokukhiqiza abangu akahulumeni. Ngakho, ohulumeni baye bafuna ukugxilisa ingqondo zonke imithombo yezimali abanazo. A imali eyenziwa ngokuhambisana izilinganiso eqinile nakho ngeke kusize ngoba ayesekelwe uhlelo jikelele zamasu. Qondisa zezimali ingxenye kwaba ngokuphelele okungewakho Ministry of Finance, inquma izidingo labantu futhi yabe izimali ngoba imali emphakathini. Monopoly ufinyelela kuzo zonke izici ubudlelwane emakethe, kuhlanganise intengo credit uhlelo.

Ungakhetha zalezi zinhlobo inqubomgomo yezezimali, njengoba isabelomali, amasiko, intela, ukutshala imali, i-credit, lwemali, zamanani kanye nezinye. Ngalunye oluphilayo zakwazi sibhekana nezinguquko ezithile kuye kukhethwa uhlobo oluthile. Mayelana okungenhla, singaphetha ngokuthi kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene inqubomgomo yezezimali, futhi ngayinye kuwo ichaza amandla athile isimo. Kodwa injongo yabo eyinhloko yalokhu ukuletha uzinzo isimo sezomnotho ezweni kanye nokwenza ngcono inhlalakahle izakhamuzi.