Darwin Reserve: umbuso iziqhingi Peat

Biosphere izinqolobane - a iziqiwi ezikhethiwe eklanyelwe ukugcina zemvelo uhlelo lwemvelo self-elawula. Nature kulezi zindawo ngokuvamile isetshenzwe, "zasendle" noma walishintsha kancane izenzo zabantu. Biosphere izinqolobane eRussia, kanye nazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zindawo ezivikelwe, elihunyushwe ngokuthi ngokugcwele ngaphandle umsebenti wetemnotfo. Lezi zinhlangano asebenza ngaphakathi kwemigomo Zesimiso Umhlaba, eklanyelwe khombisa kwebudlelwane lobanele emkhatsini indoda kanye nemvelo.

Phakathi Russian Ukuvikelwa uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli zone linendima ebalulekile Darwin Reserve. Umlando indalo yayo nokuthuthukiswa ubonisa ukukhathalela Reserve, elibonisa isimo.

Ngo-1941, eslphambanweni izifunda ezintathu - Yaroslavl, Tver futhi Vologda - yayakhiwe the Rybinsk Reservoir. Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ayivunyelwe ukuqala ngokushesha isifundo nomthelela ekhuluma ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Kodwa ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ehlobo lika-1945, ngqo ukuqapha izinguquko isimo ngaphansi kwethonya kwesigubhu, Darwin Reserve yasungulwa.

Namuhla, le ndawo evikelwe ihlanganisa 112.000 ha, uhhafu kuphela zako ezweni lonke emanzini asogwini matasa kuwo.

Winter 2002 Darwin reserve afakwe ohlwini international ezibalulekile uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli izinqolobane.

Insimu reserve - kuba ikakhulukazi elisezansi ogwini loLwandle Rybinsk, izindunduma ngakanye futhi side, mnene, sengathi ebohla entabeni ibanga: iminonjana a yeqhwa nezakudala. Leli chibi swale okungavamile ukuba likhithike, esikhulu kunazo zonke lapho kubhekwa Morotskoe ubambe amahektha angu-700.

Darwin wokugodlwa ephawulekayo sezulu layo esipholile ezwekazini. Kuyinto enhle kakhulu ehlobo, lapho ukushisa okuvamile kuba + 18 °, hhayi kubanda kakhulu ebusika, ngoba abandayo ezingaphezu kuka -10 ° awavamile.

Insimu esiqiwini uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli ibalulekile ngoba amahlathi alo exhaphozini nasemaxhaphozini, kwavela phezu 17,000 edlule. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi lezi emaxhaphozini kwakhiwa ngisho Late isikhathi post-glacial.

Namuhla, isidleke yonyaka futhi zohlobo endaweni evikelwe engaphezu kuka-15 zezinyoni ezingavamile sekuyisikhathi eside, kufakwe Incwadi Red. Ubufakazi ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwe-reserve cishe sekube yokuqothulwa eRussia whooper ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi, ngubani esikhathini esithile esidlule waqala esikhehleni zohlobo endaweni ye ukubhuka. Ngaphezu nabo isethi inqolobane lokushutheka grouse emnyama capercaillie, kanye ukwanda kwabantu nezinyoni ezidla inyama ingaphezu kwe ikuphi emhlabeni.

Kukhona futhi izitshalo ezisohlwini Incwadi Red. Paltsekornik Traunshteynera, slipper Okuyınqo, epipogium ezingenamaqabunga namanye zinhlobo vuma ngo zone evikelwe. The main izimila - amahlathi zikaphayini. Nokho, amanzi angajulile uthola efudumele ehlobo, ngakho lapho sikhule eziningi amakhambi ezahlukene nezihlahla Hornwort, sparganium, pondweed futhi ecebe kangaka bebeka. Amajikijolo: cloudberry, cranberry, amajingijolo.

Izivakashi azungeze endaweni ihlelwe azobuka. Nakuba abahamba phezu kwalo bekude ukubona izingwejeje ezindizayo, izingulube zasendle, izimpungushe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi amabhere ansundu. Nokho, emihlanganweni enjalo anobungozi: izilwane bazizwe besekhaya futhi ungathandi izivakashi.

Esiqiwini ihlelwe Museum of Nature. Kuyo - ukuqoqwa ezinonileyo "Russian" zezimvemvane, ipulazi capercaillie kwezwe yokuqala.

Kodwa mhlawumbe eyingqayizivele kakhulu ziqhingi esiqiwini Peat. Ngemva kuvulwa Rybinsk Reservoir Peat bogs ayehlala kuyo yayigcwele amanzi. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, izingcezu Peat ziyabuya kwamanzi futhi wagcina esephila baze akayekile otshanini noma nezinye izithiyo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi ziqhingi Peat izimila khona, ngisho namuhla kukhona izihlahla.

2000 Darwin reserve kufakwe Umhlaba Biosphere Reserve System.