Blood donation: izinzuzo efanele ibe kuhlu lokuhlukumezeka. Kuphi futhi kanjani ukuba banikele ngegazi

Donation wegazi kanye nezakhi zalo - kuba kuphela wokuzikhethela blood donation umuntu kanye ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi, okuyinto elibanzi eliqonde ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphepha nokuhweba ejensi nendaba. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lo mkhuba ubelokhu belisebenzisa phakathi nempi. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa mayelana nendlela ukuba unikele ngegazi ukuze umnikelo, kuphephile yini noma cha, uzofunda kusukela izinto ezihambisana lesi sihloko.

Yini kusuka?

Blood donation kuvamile cishe kuwo wonke amazwe. Uphuzwe ngezinjongo zokufundisa nocwaningo, ukwenziwa kwemithi kanye amadivaysi ezokwelapha. isicelo Clinical ukwaziswa okunjalo futhi izingxenye zalo ehambisana nanoma iyiphi ukumpontshelwa isiguli ngezinjongo zokwelapha kanye ngokudala ezikhona ukuthi kungadingeka ezimweni eziphuthumayo.

Kungani ungasebenzisi esikhundleni?

Naphezu kwentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe nokunye okuye kwatholwa isayensi wegazi umnikelo akaphelelwa ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo. Ngemva zokwenziwa lokunye anobuthi, abe eminingi engemihle, ngokungafanele ezibizayo futhi akakwazi nokuzala ngokuphelele yonke imisebenzi kwezingxenye emzimbeni. Kule ndaba, ukumpontshelwa igazi kuyinto ebalulekile wahlushwa ukulimala ahlukahlukene kanye ukusha lapho behlinza eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye onzima.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezikhona elinama enjalo kubalulekile anemiya abanomdlavuza nge hemophilia, ngelashwa nangemithi. Ngokwezibalo, zonke izakhamuzi wesithathu iplanethi yethu okungenani kanye ezidingekayo ekuphileni kwabo igazi. Asikwazi indiva iqiniso lokuthi ezweni lethu, okuyinto ayifuna ngabomvu entula imikhiqizo yegazi kanye nezakhi zalo (production ezifuywayo). Yingakho kwanqunywa ukuvula federal hlelo "Igazi inkonzo", okubizela izakhamizi Russian nonremunerated.

Emblem emazweni ahlukahlukene

Blood donation ku iqashwe cishe kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye zaze abe logo okuhambisanayo. Ngakho, emazweni Nordic wasebenzisa umfanekiso nevuba nge egazi. Bird, edwengula isifuba saso ukondla amachwane lifanekisela uthando lokuzidela. abalobi abangamaKristu babevame ukubeka kuqhathaniswa lesi silwane noJesu Kristu, owadela ukuphila kwakhe ngebanga insindiso bonke abantu.

donor usuku

Igazi umnikelo umnikelo into ozikhethela wena. Nokho, i-inqubo enjalo ngibiza yonke. Akunjalo kudala kwanqunywa ukuba ngimemezele Juni 14 njengoba kugujwa uSuku Lomhlaba Wonke we abanikelayo. Lolu suku ikhethwa futhi osungulwe izinhlangano ezintathu kakhulu abathi khulula futhi ngokuzithandela blood donation. Lezi zihlanganisa i-International Federation of Red Cross Society, International Society of Blood Transfusion futhi International Federation of Ngegazi Kuzwelonke Izinhlangano.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-National Russian anikelelwe Day lugujwa 20 Apreli.

izinhlobo umnikelo

Blood donation, okuyinto izinzuzo efanele ibe kuhlu lokuhlukumezeka eside kwaziwa yibo bonke, kuhilela igazi izibonelo zalokho. Nokho, impahla kusukela kumuntu othile ingase ithathwe letehlukene. Cabangela izinhlobo iminikelo kabanzi.

Autodonorstvo. Lokhu preform ngaphambi igazi siqu okwalandela ukuhlinzwa lesiguli okuhleliwe. Njengoba yaziwa, ukumpontshelwa impahla yangaphandle kuyakhandla nganoma yisiphi umzimba. Kodwa ukusebenzisa eyakho ikuvumela ukunciphisa yini imiphumela emibi.

I umnikelo lonke igazi. a impahla okunjalo kocingo kuhilela resuspension okwalandela ikhambi uyakulondoloza, lapho igazi lihlukaniswa kusetshenzwe noma balithulule.

Anikelelwe plasmapheresis. Lokhu umnikelo igazi senzeka ngesandla noma ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngo inhlukano plasmapheresis impahla uyiswa isikhwama esikhethekile oyinyumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it is centrifuged, leyabantu plasma futhi igcwele amangqamuzana egazi abomvu (usebenzisa plazmoekstraktora), ngalokho yokugcina ebuyiselwa abanikelayo. Umthamo afundwa igazi lemali inxephezelwa ngokwanele nosawoti.

Nge othomathikhi plasmapheresis umuntu ixhunywe isihlukanisi. Igazi phakathi nenqubo ethile yokuthola esinjalo ngokugcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leyabantu plasma bese izakhi kwakhiwa ke eyokuqala wabuyela lokuthi. It kwenziwe ngendlela efanayo futhi ukuhlanza igazi.

Anikelelwe trombotsitaferez. amasampuli enjalo wenziwa usebenzisa ama-apharathasi ekhethekile. mass platelet ukhululeka igazi. Njengoba kwaziwa kahle ukuthi babedinga ngesikhathi ngelashwa nangemithi umdlavuza iziguli nezinye ngeziphambeko, okuyinto ahambisana thrombocytopenia. platelet billet has a izindleko kunalokho okusezingeni eliphezulu. Yingakho umnikelo ngegazi umeme kuphela labo bantu ngokuphindiwe lidlule akulesi indlela. Ngempela, kulesi simo, ochwepheshe ngokugcwele yokuthi abanakho izifo ezithathelwanayo.

Anikelelwe granulotsitaferez (noma leykotsitaferez). Iziguli yezinkinga ezinzima ezithathelwanayo kukhona ngokushesha granulocytes esidingekayo, uhlobo amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Inqubo iyafana ukulethwa platelet kocingo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukumpontshelwa igazi granulocyte ngokuvamile eyenziwa amahora ambalwa emva izibonelo zalokho kusukela abanikelayo.

Donation plasma mzimba. Igazi ukunikelela umnikelo ngale ndlela kuhilela yokugoma kwabantu uhlobo ephephile ejenti ezithathelwanayo. I-plasma okuyinto ngemuva kwalokhu esithathwayo esibuya ezinjalo, luqukethe amasosha omzimba ku-ejenti causative, futhi ingasetshenziswa womshini ukuthaka imithi. Kwezinye izimo, indaba kuthululwe iziguli buthakathaka injalo okumsulwa njengoba ingxenye yokwelapha polyvalent noma prophylaxis.

Anikelelwe eritrotsitaferez. amangqamuzana abomvu Phama etholwe ngale ndlela kubalulekile iziguli igazi nezinye kwezinso, okuyinto ahambisana ukwehla egazi kanye elithwala umoya-mpilo ephansi. Hand kocingo efana plasmapheresis. Umahluko owokuthi ukuthi uma umzimba eritrotsitafereze donor ngaphandle RBC wabuya zonke asele zegazi. Yingakho kutakhela umthamo yayo akusadingi ukwethulwa nosawoti.

Izidingo Eziyisisekelo, amalungelo kanye nezibopho ze-donor

Kanjani ukuba banikele ngegazi ukuze umnikelo, uyazi cishe wonke umuntu. Nokho, akuwona wonke umuntu ongase uyazi izidingo ezisebenza abantu abanjalo.

Abantu abathekelisa ngegazi kungaba umuntu onekhono ngubani attained kweminyaka eyi-18. Umuntu onjalo kufanele ube isakhamuzi Russian Federation noma ahlale endaweni yawo (ngokomthetho) hhayi ngaphansi konyaka 1. Lokuthi uma kwenzeka ngokuzithandela ukuveza isifiso sokuba zibe munye, ukuze ahlolwe wezokwelapha, okuyinto phendla kungekho contraindications nokulethwa into.

Ngaphambi yimuphi umnikelo igazi umuntu kumele:

• ukwethula i-passport noma ezinye umazisi;
• ahlolwe yezokwelapha;
• faka konke ukwaziswa kwakho kwi izifo ezithathelwanayo, contact neziguli ezithathelwanayo, mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kwelashwa futhi izinto psychotropic, ukuze uhlale endaweni lapho kwakukhona khona usongo nesenzakalo noma ukusakaza eziwumshayabhuqe (izifo mass esithathelanayo), sisebenze izimo zokusebenza eziyingozi noma oyingozi, kanye kanye nanoma yimuphi imigomo kanye ukuhlinza, ayezenza phakathi nonyaka ngokwayo ngegazi.

Yiziphi izimo blood donation?

Abantu abaNsundu babekholelwa ukuthi yesimanje kuthandwa kakhulu hhayi kuphela ukulethwa oludlulele leyo nto, kodwa futhi lo mnikelo igazi imali. Nokho, noma kunjalo, ngaphambi inqubo enjalo umuntu kumele udale i-akhawunti, ugcwalise lemibuzo, kanye ahlolwe wezokwelapha. Ngakho, lokuthi uma kwenzeka banikele ngegazi i-hemoglobin ezingeni sokuhlaziya (othathwe umunwe), khona-ke vakashela Transfusiologist. Konke lokhu imisebenzi yenzeka ngqo esigabeni donor nesikhathi-ukudliwa.

Kumele uthole reanalysis nokulethwa lonke igazi njalo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuzithandela. Uma umuntu ayikho indawo, ke kuvuna igazi alahlwa. Lapho ukulethwa okokusebenza ngokuphindwe kathathu ngaphezu ngaphakathi 1 unyaka lokuthi kuyadingeka ukwenza ECG abahumusha, X-reyi yesifuba, unikeze umchamo futhi ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kanye uthole usizo esithathelwanayo, okuzokwenza ukuqinisekisa yayingekho indlela yokuxhumana neziguli ezithathelwanayo kanye neziguli kwesibindi. I ubulili bubuhle kufanele lihlolwe udokotela wezifo zabesifazane.

Blood donation: izinzuzo efanele ibe kuhlu lokuhlukumezeka

Uqedile kwesokudla, kocingo impahla akasoze kubangele tinkhinga donor, ngisho kuyamsiza. Igcina kothile ukuphila, sokuzithandela, ukwenza okuhle, hhayi nje omunye umuntu, kodwa futhi ukuze yena. Lokhu kuvezwa obala kanje:

• Lapho impahla kocingo kuyinto umsebenzi egazi uqala kakhulu isebenze, okuholela self-ukuvuselelwa igazi. Hhayi ngaphandle isizathu Ephakathi ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ukwelapha kwezinso ezithile ukopha.
• Izinzuzo blood donation namanje e yokuthi ngenxa izinqubo anjalo abantu kakhulu zithululwe ubende kanye esibindini. Phela, ingxenye imisebenzi yabo umusa nokulahla efile amangqamuzana abomvu egazi.
• Umzimba womuntu uqala kakhulu ukuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba ngisho ukopha encane.
• Igazi izibonelo zalokho - uhlobo nokuvinjelwa kwezifo wokugaya ukudla, Isimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, kanjalonjalo.

I umnikelo kungakuzwisa ubuhlungu?

Kungani abanye abantu uyingozi ukuze ngokwabo sehlo, njengoba umnikelo igazi? Umonakalo kusuka kule nqubo ingase empeleni zenzeke, kodwa kuphela uma kwenziwa ngendlela efanele. Nokho, izikhungo ezigcina igazi ezibhekene baqashe ochwepheshe kuphela, okuyinto ukubeka eceleni kwakungenzeka lokhu.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukutheleleka sokuzithandela ngesikhathi blood donation akunakwenzeka, njengoba:

• umjovo sayithi disinfected ngotshwala noma isixazululo ekhethekile;
• igazi amasampuli Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa lesi simiso esisha, okuyinto decompressed ngokuqondile lokuthi;
• uma ukhetha enye yezingxenye zalo ngabanye igazi okuseleyo elachithwa emuva ngokusebenzisa isimiso esifanayo; ngenkathi sokuzithandela kalula ubone ukuthi kuphela lwedatha isitsha.

Ngaphandle kokwehluka osekushiwo, ingozi yokutheleleka uhlala. Nokho, lokhu kungenzeka kuphela nge ngqo igazi. Nakuba ezinjalo ngezinga elithile kuphela ezimweni ezikhethekile lapho azikho izimo noma isikhathi ukuwafeza wonke kunesidingo izinyathelo wokulungiselela.

Izimo umnikelo

Kuye ukuhlinza kanye nezifo, umuntu angeke bavunyelwe ukuba unikele ngegazi (ngokugcwele noma okwesikhashana).

Ukuze Izimo yesikhashana zihlanganisa indlebe ukubhoboza, okudweba ukugonywa, abanye izifo ezithathelwanayo (acute nezifo zokuphefumula, SARS), ukusebenza, kuhlanganise isisu, lactation kanye nokukhulelwa. Uma ufuna ukunikela ngegazi ngokunikelela, nangaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, ulinde izinyanga 3 noma ngaphezulu.

Ngu njalo njengoba Izimo zihlanganisa khona-AIDS, i-hepatitis viral, aluthola noma ugcunsula azalwa naso, yenethiwekhi yokutheleleka nge-HIV, eczema, psoriasis generalized, nhlobo, ukungabi Imininingwane yokukhuluma nokuzwa, ukulutheka, umdlavuza, ukuba umlutha wotshwala, ukuhlinza ukufakelwa noma resection yanoma yimuphi kwezitho nezicubu.

izincomo abanikeli

Ngaphambi ukulethwa igazi ngokushesha abanikeli is hhayi Kunconywa:

• baphuze utshwala ngesikhathi esingaphansi kwezinsuku 2;
• banikele ngegazi esiswini esingenalutho (ekuseni, kuyatuseka ukuba adle ama-carbohydrate, kodwa ephansi fat ibhulakufesi);
• Ngobusuku bangaphambi ukudla okunamafutha, okubabayo, okuthosiwe, ngibhema, uwoyela, imikhiqizo yobisi amaqanda;
• ukubhema esingaphansi 1 ihora ngaphambi inqubo;
• ngokuthatha izidakamizwa "aspirin" futhi analgesics, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuthaka imithi aqukethe kubo (amahora 72 ngaphambi inqubo);
• unikele ngegazi uma ungazizwa kahle, ikhanda, Ukugodola, isiyezi, noma ubuthakathaka.

Ukulandela inqubo, lokuthi kufanele uyeke ukuzivocavoca. Zingakapheli izinsuku 2 emva kokubeletha wegazi edingekayo ukuze badle ngokugcwele futhi ukuphuza okungenani 2 amalitha ngosuku okusamanzi (itiye, ujusi, amanzi). Ukubuyisela ingcindezi, isisebenzi sokuzithandela kufanele imikhiqizo efana ikhofi, ushokoledi kanye hematogen yokuqothulwa.

imikhawulo abanikeli

Njengoba yaziwa, blood donation kuholela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu uketshezi emzimbeni womuntu, futhi ukwehla ingcindezi. Kule ndaba, maqondana donor eziphoqelelwe imikhawulo elandelayo:

• Abameleli beNdikimba ubulili namandla avunyelwe banikele lonke igazi kuze kube izikhathi 5 ngonyaka, kuyilapho abesifazane - akukho kuka izikhathi 4 izinyanga ezingu-12.
• Ngaphansi kwemithetho yamanje kuleli zwe ukuba bathathe wonke igazi kungaba akukho kuka 1 isikhathi ezingu-2.
• ukulethwa okuphindiwe plasma Kwenziwa kuphela ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-14.
• Ngemva iqoqo lonke igazi ovunyelwe ukunikela plasma kuphela ngenyanga.
• Akuvunyelwe ukuba unikele ngegazi ukuze umnikelo ngemva abantu bangalala ebusuku.
• Isisebenzi sokuzithandela akufanele nesisindo esingaphansi 45 kg. lokushisa umzimba ngaphambi ukulethwa igazi akumele leqe 37 ° C no-ingcindezi - kusuka 80 kuya 160 mm HG. Art. futhi kusukela ngo-70 kuya ku-100 mm HG. Art. ngokulandelana. Izinga ishayela esibuya kufanele azungeze 55-100 amabhithi ngeminithi.
• I ubulili bubuhle akakwazi ukunikela ngegazi liphelele esesikhathini noma izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngaphambi nesenzakalo yabo, kanye phakathi nesonto ngemva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane bavinjelwe babe abanikeli ngesikhathi lactation nokukhulelwa.

Kufinyeta

Kuphi ukuba unikele ngegazi ukuze umnikelo? Uma ungenayo noma iyiphi Izimo ngokuthatha impahla yakho, kufanele uxhumane nendawo eseduze donor iphuzu. Njengomthetho, zikhona yonke imizi we Russian Federation.