Blackleg: kanjani ukulwa. Indlela yokubhekana blackleg ku izithombo

Esinye sezifo ezivamile ezitshalweni ubhekwa blackleg. Indlela yokubhekana naso futhi yini okufanele uyenze ukuze ugweme ingozi izithombo (okungukuthi, kuba ukungenwa igciwane kwasekuqaleni)?

Incazelo isifo

Blackleg kubhekwa isifo esiyingozi esithinta izitshalo yemifino ezifana utamatisi, ukhukhamba, amazambane, iklabishi nabanye abaningi. Ngokuthi isikhunta yisinanakazana, ikhono ukugcina enhlabathini iminyaka eminingi. Zitholakala ngokuyinhloko isifo blackleg kusuka izithombo esekhulile zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo. Lapho kunqotshwa sifo ezikulesi simila waphawula ukuhwalala wesabelo impande stem, kamuva kuholela thinning, ukwakha constriction, uguge bese ukufa. Elinegciwane sifanamsindvo futhi kungaba basinde, kodwa ngeke zisale ngemuva ekukhuleni, kucedvwa kwenkhohlakalo kanye ukunikeza isivuno esihle ngeke ukwazi.

Izimbangela isifo

I-ejenti causative we blackleg zezifo amagciwane athile kanye nesikhunta enhlabathini, okuyinto ngezikhathi ezithile musa ubonise ngokwabo kuze kukhona izinto ezibanga umsebenzi wabo. Lokhu kungase kukhule umswakama, ukungabi ukukhanyisa, ipulazi obukhulu kakhulu, ukupholisa abampofu, umanyolo ngokweqile noma izinguquko okungazelelwe lokushisa. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, ngokushesha buthelela enhlabathini, amagciwane ukumboza izindawo ezincane kuqala, futhi izithombo ke wonke othintekile isifo blackleg. Indlela yokubhekana naso ngesikhathi izimpawu zokuqala, kudingeka wazi kusengaphambili, ngesikhathi sokunqanda futhi ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwesifo.

Okungcono nakakhulu, banakekele izinyathelo zokuvimbela azosiza ugweme izinkinga ezinjalo.

zokuvimbela

Indlela ephumelela kunazo ekulweni nalesi sifo - ukwelashwa kwenhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala. Soil ingxube emabhokisini zokutshala, bazithela kahle amanzi abilayo nge ziyoncibilika therein nangangesihlabathi potassium permanganate. Isixazululo kufanele kube ukugxilisa ingqondo namandla, a pink umbala omnyama. Ngemva 3 izinsuku ezweni ziphathwe isixazululo soda (e ibhakede lamanzi 5 wezipuni baking soda). Imbewu ezihlwanyelwe umhlabathi kancane posohshuyu, t. Ukuze. I waterlogging uma kakhulu kwandisa ingozi yesifo blackleg.

Ngemva seeding ibhokisi bamboze ingilazi noma ifilimu bese efakwa ekamelweni lapho izinga lokushisa inakekelwa 18-20⁰S. Uma avele izithombo, izithombo abasha kufanele thinned out lapho ukutshala obukhulu khulu. Ukunisela nokuvivinya umzimba ngendlela elinganiselayo, ungavumeli umswakama ngokweqile emhlabathini.

Ngo kusaqalwa ukuthuthukiswa izithombo siyasebenza kakhulu Indlela dusting ukhuni wakhe umlotha.

Indlela ukuqeda blackleg

Uma ungeke ukwazi ukugwema kokuba utheleleke, futhi naphezu izinyathelo zokuvimbela, namanje wazibonakalisa emlenzeni black izithombo, yini okufanele uyenze? Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukuba ukususa ngokucophelela okuyingxenye ezilimele zalesi sihlahla, kanye nasemazweni angomakhelwane ukuze ugweme ukusabalala ukutheleleka ukuze izitshalo eseduze. Khona-ke uthele isixazululo asele yisithombo umlotha (2 izinkomishi per 1 ilitha yamanzi abilisiwe, amahora 6 futhi buhlanjululwe ngo ibhakede lamanzi). Abalimi abaningi batusa ukuchitha ukusuthisa inhlanganisela umquba liquid, yenkukhu umquba kanye mullein. Lokhu kuzosiza ukwandisa ukumelana izitshalo.

Kunezibonelo eziningi nolokubhujiswa isifo yisithombo blackleg. Indlela yokubhekana naso? Ukuze afeze ukuchelela izixazululo ekhethekile. Ngenxa yale njongo 1% Bordeaux ingxube, sulfate yethusi (5 amagremu ibhakede lamanzi ngalinye) noma isixazululo of potassium permanganate. Ukunisela Kwenziwa ngesilinganiso 1 ilitha 1 imitha square.

Ngenjongo iphele umhlabathi kungaba uthele ingxube isihlabathi futhi fly umlotha. Iphinde Akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-izimpande omusha ngenhla endaweni ethintekile.

Ukuvikeleka blackleg ngu hilling

Kunenye indlela ephumelela kakhulu indlela yokubhekana blackleg ku izithombo. Nanguya hilling evamile. Ngokushesha nje lapho izithombo kuqala, ukuchelela izinsuku 2-3 kufanele inqanyulwe. Uma umhlabathi is kancane wome, udinga achanyuselwa ngokucophelela okuchit amahlumela kanye kuphela ke uthele. Ukuze ukhiphe khona kwezimiso umsebenzi amanzi isikhunta pathogenic ukuba batheleka anemifantu phakathi izitshalo ukuze ngeziqu ahlale omile. Ukunakekela okunjalo kuyadingeka ukuze bafeze ngesikhathi sokuqala ukutshala izithombo. Lapho thinning akudingekile ukuyikhipha izitshalo eyengeziwe, kungcono ukusika nabo sikelo, ngenkathi uhlelo impande kancane esibuhlungu.

Le ndlela, kanye inhlabathi oqeqeshwe kahle nokunomsoco unika iphesenti eliphezulu kakhulu yokukhula izithombo enempilo.

amakhambi

Fight usizo blackleg zonke izinhlobo amakhambi ezisebenza balimi. Lokhu ezihlukahlukene izidakamizwa uthenge in okukhethekile ezitolo. Ngokwesibonelo, "fitosporin". Kuziwa ezihlukahlukene: wokuxubha, impuphu, uketshezi. Lesi sakhiwo Kunconywa ukuba aphathe imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela bese fafaza izithombo owayegula. Enamandla okubhubhisa izinhlobo ezahlukene isikhunta "fitosporin" ngempumelelo kanye nokuvinjelwa ezinye izifo: okulimaza, impande ukubola, powdery isikhutha, downy isikhutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa biologicals "Bactofit", "Fitolavin-300", "Plariz".

"Fundazol" liyaziwa ukusebenza yayo ngokumelene blackleg. Nokho, izinto zayo abamelwe anobuthi ungakulimaza hhayi kuphela izitshalo, kodwa futhi abantu. Ngakho it is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba sisisebenzise endlini, ikakhulukazi uma unezingane ezincane kanye nezilwane ezifuyiwe.

Abaningi bazi ngokuphelele ephephile izimali kwezempilo kokusisiza ukuba sibhekane nesimo ne blackleg isifo. Indlela yokubhekana naso usebenzisa izinkuni umlotha, kakade kuchaziwe ngenhla. Enye ukusetshenziswa kulolu amagobolondo amaqanda. It is omisiwe, kutsho ngokucophelela esigqulweni, futhi powder nomphumela ifafazwa nge izindawo elinegciwane. Baking soda, buhlanjululwe ngesilinganiso ithisipuni elilodwa nengxenye ingilazi yamanzi, inisele izithombo abathintekayo blackleg.

Ukuqaphela yonke imithetho agronomic, ungakwazi ukhule izithombo enempilo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali, bese kuphumela esivunweni esihle.