Potassium permanganate: ezinkulu zamakhemikhali izakhiwo kanye yokusabela

Potassium permanganate ngesiLatini libizwa Kalii permanganas. Umhlaba nje permanganate potassium - usawoti potassium ekusabeleni manganese acid. Lettering KMnO. Xhumana ne amafomu organic wamaprotheni - albuminates, umzimba emizweni kule ukusabela is Kwadlula evutha ukuzwa, ukunitha, ukucasuka sendawo, kuyilapho luphulukisa kanye isiqedaphunga impahla kanye isihlungu.

Potassium permanganate lalungiselela namachibi electrochemical compounds manganese noma ngokushintsha isilinganiso sazo kula manzi. Nazi ezinye ukusabela potassium permanganate, is kabanzi embonini futhi kwemithi:

2MnO2 +3 Cl2 + 8KOH → 2KMnO4 + 6KCl + 4H2O

2K2MnO4 + 2H2O → 2KMnO4 + H2 ↑ + 2KOH.

Lapha, njengoba sibona, manganese, ayefaka, is wasithukuthelela chlorine ne potassium nosawoti zishintshe. Eyesibili yasebhange yokusabela is kabanzi embonini, njengoba endothermic potassium permanganate ezivezwa electrolysis we ukugxilisa ingqondo.

Izakhiwo potassium permanganate

Esikhathini isayensi lokhu kwakwakhe ubizwa nangokuthi potassium permanganate, okuyinto zinhlayiya luyimbudumbudu futhi ifomu orthorhombic of dark umbala onsomi. Ifomu potassium permanganate zinhlayiya ubola ku Ukushisa lokushisa 240 ° C no ngenhla, ukwakha umoya-mpilo kwemvelo. Lokhu kuboniswa ukusabela elandelayo:

2KMnO4 = K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2.

Ingqikithi ukuminyana 2,703 g / cc. Cube mass izinyo lomhlathi of potassium permanganate - 158,03 g / Mol. I solubility compounds emanzini incike okuhlushwa lokushisa lamanzi (imininingwane eyethulwa Ithebula 1).

Ithebula 1. solubility potassium permanganate ngaphansi kwamazinga ahlukahlukene okushisa

Kuye inani zinhlayiya ukungezwa amanzi lokushisa ezahlukene, isixazululo ngasinye kuyodingeka abe luhlaza - ezibuthaka, ukuphaphatheka imajenta ngesikhathi emakamu low kuya purple-violet - wonkana. Okunye kumakhemikhali awuketshezi potassium permanganate zinhlayiya aphume ashone acetone, i-ammonia ne methyl utshwala.

izakhiwo Chemical potassium permanganate

Into "potassium permanganate" kuyinto oxidizing ejenti sasivumela eqinile. Kuye pH medium ke enza izinhlobo ezahlukene izinto kokuba sehliselwe manganese e sesibalo compounds ezahlukene lamadigri namachibi. Ngokwesibonelo, endaweni esidi - II, i ane-alikhali - ukuze VI, e konemimoya hlangothi, ngokulandelana - ukuze IV.

Ngasemdeni ukuba agxilise sulfuric acid, i-potassium permanganate, amakhemikhali izakhiwo ebonisa namachibi kubangela ukusabela kuqhume, futhi lukhipha i-oxygen sesibaselwe - Le ndlela is kabanzi O2 ukukhiqizwa e umkhakha.

Ukusetshenziswa potassium permanganate

Ngo zokukhiqiza laboratory yesimanje potassium permanganate kwasakazwa zamagama organic njengoba oxidant. Isixazululo ane-alikhali liphumelele yokuhlanza kanye degreasing ejenti. isicelo Popular futhi enemisebenzi 0.1% isixazululo kwezokwelapha ekwelapheni ukusha, uhlambulule, magciwane, iletha ubuthi. Ezinye Pharmacy ungavumeli lokhu izinto, kusukela oda Ministry, it is oluthathwa ku ingozi ukuqhuma. Kodwa ungathola potassium permanganate ingadi izitolo lapho wathengiswa abe umquba.