Battle Eqhweni: isikimu futhi igagasi lempi

Battle Eqhweni - enye yezimpi ezinkulu emlandweni waseRussia, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho iSikhulu Novgorod Aleksandr saseNevsky kubonakala eLake Peipsi ahlaselayo Knights of the Order Livonian. Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka izazi-mlando uye impikiswano mayelana nemininingwane impi. Ezinye izinto ibingakaziwa kuze kube sekupheleni, kuhlanganise kwathatha kanjani endaweni Ice. Ukushayela futhi kabusha izingxenye le mpi ngeke lusivumele ukuba embule imfihlo ngezimfihlakalo zamandla umlando elihlobene ne impi enkulu.

Isendlalelo ukungqubuzana

Kusukela 1237, lapho uPapa wamemezela ukuqala impi yenkolo elilandelayo nomhlaba empumalanga Baltic phakathi principalities Russian ngakolunye uhlangothi, neSweden, Denmark kanye Order German Livonian - ngakolunye uhlangothi, igcina voltage njalo, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi lakhula laba isinyathelo sezempi.

Ngakho, ngo-1240 Knights Swedish eholwa Birger Jarl ifike ngesikhathi somfula iNeva, kodwa ibutho Novgorod ngaphansi kokulawula Prince Aleksandra Nevskogo wawahlula impi ewujuqu.

Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-Livonian Order uhlaziyo okuhlaselayo phezu kwezwe Russian. Amabutho akhe wathatha Izborsk futhi Pskov. Ukuhlola ingozi Novgorod Veche e 1241 wanxusa emuva wokubusa kuka-Alexander, nakuba muva nje axoshwe kuye. Prince ababehlangene squad futhi zayiswa ngokumelene Livonians. Ngo-March 1242 wakwazi ukukhulula Pskov. Alexander wathutha amasosha akhe ukuba nempahla Order, e isiqondiso ukugcotshwa ka Dorpat, lapho Crusaders esekhokha amandla okubhekana eside. Amaqembu alungele impi ewumnqamula-juqu.

Abaphikisi ukuhlangabezana Apreli 5, 1242 at Lake Peipus, ke namanje embozwe iqhwa. Yingakho kamuva atholwe igama impi - Battle of the Ice. Lake ngenkathi eqandisiwe ezijule kangangokuba ukumelana amasosha ayehlome eyizingovolo.

amabutho amaqembu

ibutho isiRashiya kwakuwulimi isakhiwo kunalokho wahlukana. Kodwa core ke, akungabazeki, kwaba squad Novgorod. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabutho angena kulowo okuthiwa "eshalofini phansi" ezaholela boyars. Inombolo ephelele abezempi Russian balinganisela mlando abantu abayizinkulungwane 15-17.

Ibutho, futhi, kwaba Livonians zazingayifanele. Battle umgogodla Knights ayekanye naye kakhulu ehlome oda Military , eliholwa Master Andreas von Velvenem, okuyinto Nokho, empini uqobo ukuba akwenze. Futhi e amabutho Danish babehlangene, futhi izidlamlilo ze-kwedolobha Dorpat, ezazihlanganisa nabaningi Estonia. Inombolo ephelele Livonia Sebawoti balinganiselwa ku izinkulungwane zabantu 10-12.

igagasi lempi

zomlando Ushiye imininingwane sasivumela olungaphelele mayelana nendlela akusebenzise impi uqobo. Battle Eqhweni waqala neqiniso lokuthi abacibisheli kwezinhloko zamaviyo Novgorod yasondela asibekela nesichotho imicibisholo operation Knights. Kodwa yokugcina kungenzeka, usebenzisa isakhiwo lempi, kubhekiselwa kuzo 'njengamadoda ingulube "yokuchitha oshayasibhamu baphule maphakathi amabutho Russian.

Ukubona lesi simo, u-Alexander saseNevsky ngaphambilini amabutho ukufinyelela ezinhlangothini Livonians. Knights zithathwe ngendlela ukunyakaza pincer. Yaqala nokubhujiswa kwabo ngokungakhethi zamaqhawe Russian. amabutho Asizayo Order, njengoba amabutho awo ayinhloko behlulwa, uphuthunyiswe ukubaleka. squad Novgorod axoshwe egijima ibanga elingamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka eziyisikhombisa. Impi yaphela ngo-ukunqoba okuphelele amabutho Russian.

Kwaba njalo indaba Battle Eqhweni.

impi Ukushayela

Shono izincwadi ezifuyiwe ezindabeni zezempi uthethe liyindawo efanelekayo Ice. Umdwebo ongezansi, kukhombisa ngokusobala isipho umkhuzi Aleksandra Nevskogo futhi iyisibonelo emihle ukulwa imisebenzi.

Kumephu, sikubona ngokucacile kokuqala amabutho ukufohla Livonian phakathi kwababusi squad Russian. eboniswe Futhi Knights nethimba kanye indiza okwalandela amabutho asizayo Order, eyaqedwa futhi Ice. Isikimu ikuvumela ukwakha idatha umcimbi neketanga olulodwa, futhi kakhulu kusiza umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo esenzeka Yiqiniso izenzakalo impi.

imiphumela impi

Ngemva ibutho Novgorod inqobe ngokuphelele amabutho eziMpini Zenkolo, kunabuhle buni ka-Aleksandru saseNevsky omkhulu, isivumelwano sokuthula esasayinwa lapho Order Livonian ukulishiya ngokuphelele zigqila yayo yamuva endaweni yamazwe Russian. Kwathiwa benana iziboshwa.

Ukunqotshwa, okuyinto wahlupheka Order of Battle of the Ice, kwaba kubi kangangokuthi Wayeleminyaka iminyaka eyishumi ikhotha emanceba abo futhi musa noma ucabange bangene kabusha bezwe Russian.

Ayikho ngokunqoba zincane Aleksandra Nevskogo kanye jikelele umongo zomlando. Phela, kwathiwa yabe isinquma isiphetho amazwe ethu futhi ekupheleni soqobo ubudlova zenkolo German ohlangothini empumalanga sase sibekiwe. Yiqiniso, ngemva kwalokho Order is hhayi nje uzama Dabula isiqephu sezwe isiRashiya, kodwa ungalokothi ube ayehlasela akathathanga uhlamvu kanjeya.

Eyiphutha eyeqisayo elihlobene ne impi

Kukhona umbono ukuthi ngokuyinhloko e Battle of Lake Peipsi ibutho Russian esesizile ice, lapho ongathwali isisindo Knights ayehlome eyizingovolo German futhi zaqala ukucwila ngaphansi kwabo. Eqinisweni, akukho isiqinisekiso zomlando leli qiniso akuyona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokocwaningo yamuva, isisindo imishini German Knights Russian kanye Knights iqhaza empini, kwaba cishe alinganayo.

Amabutho empi yenkolo German kukubuka sabantu abaningi, okuyinto ngokuyinhloko liphefumulelwe ifilimu, kukhona ayehlome eyizingovolo cuirassiers nezigqoko, avame ukuhlotshiswa ngezimpondo. Eqinisweni, usomqulu Order evimbela ukusetshenziswa imihlobiso nangesigqoko-agibele amahhashi. Ngakho akukho izimpondo Livonians, isimiso, kungabalula.

Imiphumela

Ngakho, lapho sathola khona ukuthi enye yezimpi ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi yisakhiwo sodumo emlandweni wezwe, yiMpi Ice. impi isikimu wasivumela nokuzala ngokucacile indima yawo futhi ukunquma isizathu esiyinhloko kokunqotshwa Knights - ngihlaziye kabusha amabutho azo lapho budedengu baphuthuma kuhlasela.