Battle Poltavskoe (kafushane). Umlando Battle of Poltava

Ehlobo lika-1708 ibutho isiSwidi iphansi kwesandla sika-King Charles XII ihlasela iRussia. Izinga isiRashiya, lutho okwakwaziwa amacebo isiqondiso umkhankaso kaCharles. Mhlawumbe kuzosusa kusukela ebusweni bomhlaba Petersburg uwine emazweni indigenously Russian. Mhlawumbe uya empumalanga futhi akhombise eMoscow, kuyoba ukuba balawule imibandela yokuthula.

Sekuyisikhathi eside UPetru wazama ukwenza ukuthula no omakhelwane enyakatho. Kodwa uKarl XII njalo sinqatshiwe inikeza uMbusi, abafisa ukubhubhisa Russia njengoba izwe ulwahlukanise ku encane ngaphansi kwesizwe ubukhulu. Phakathi nomkhankaso, uKarl XII washintsha amacebo akhe, futhi wahola amabutho akhe waya e-Ukraine. Kube walindela Russia Hetman Mazepa, ngokukhohlisa ekhashelwa futhi wanquma ukuba ubambisane abaseSweden. Ngezansi indaba zempi Poltava izokwethulwa.

Traffic on the Moscow

Ibutho isiSwidi yayihamba kancane, futhi ukubaleka isiRashiya, endleleni ukuthatha imfuyo, ukubhubhisa umphako aklaba nokuhlela Zaseki athiya ukuhamba isitha. UPetru ayekukholelwa lokho kubalulekile uyephuza ngesikhathi impi ewumnqamula-juqu, futhi wazama ukugqoka phansi amabutho esitha anamandla. Kodwa ukushayisana iphutha. Yaphela ukunqotshwa okuphelele Russian e. UPetru wasebenzisa ke ngezinjongo zokufundisa. Futhi lelo kwaba impumelelo lokugcina abaseSweden emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke Elikhulu Northern neMpi.

Sexy futhi akhohlisa ngayo inkosi, okuyiwona yempi kwaba mnandi ngaphandle amabhola, futhi umsindo wezikhali kanye ukububula wabalimele bebelokhu umculo kuye, akazange etukwetimphumelelo baphendukela Mogilev. Walinda ngoba ngenyanga ukusekelwa. Kodwa yephuza. Bengazamukeliswanga kulandelana nge ifolishi, ukudla, impuphu, iyunifomu, kanye oda izinkulungwane zabantu 16, uKarl XII waya Smolensk. Eduze nedolobhana Ezinhle kwakuwumqansa lapho abaseSweden balahlekelwa abantu ayizinkulungwane 1-2, ngesiRashiya, base kancane izikhathi eziyishumi. UPetru wayengagunci, sijabule njengabakhulekeli ingane amakhono esihle yebutho Russian.

Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela kuya eningizimu

Smolensk abaseSweden sashintsha isigubhukane isiqondiso, futhi uPetru waziwa ukuthi kuye kuyinto ukuqinisa wamukelekile. Russian bamhlasela. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi izimpi nokunwetshiwe e emaxhaphozini futhi emaxhaphozini waba ukulahlekelwa ibutho isiSwidi of amasosha 8000, futhi bonke izimpahla, okuyinto waxosha kulandelana. Peter adunyiswe ukubaluleka win wokuqala omkhulu - ke kwandulelwe impi ye Poltava. UKarl, esikhundleni bayibutho elikhulu wathola 6700 ragamuffins, demoralized ngokuphelele. Ekulahlekelweni umzimba futhi wemithwalo Carl unawo amandla yokunyakaza. Wayengakwazi ukuya enyakatho ukuze uthwebule Petersburg, ungase empumalanga - ukuze smash eMoscow. Ukraine kwaba isiqondiso lwesithathu. Futhi ekugcineni, Carl wakwazi ukumisa ukudlala isiphetho futhi buthule ukuze ubuyele nasezweni lokuzalwa, lapho esefiké isivakashi bengamenyiwe. Charles kwaba ashona Akahlosile, lokhu kwakuyosho ukulahlekelwa inkazimulo umlawuli omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba kwavulela nje komgwaqo eningizimu kuya Mazepa. Cishe ngonyaka wahlala kuze inqotshwa kabuhlungu, okuyinto Uyoletha impi ye Poltava.

Mazeppa

Sly Hetman ephethwe ukuzakhela igama ngokujulile yena ukuba Menshikov noPetru. Zonke imibiko wokuthi unesikhundla izibopho ekhohlisayo enekhono Poland neSweden, akekho oye Kwenziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubajezisa kuze kube nokubulala labo ababefunda nayo eyaba nesibindi ukutshela iqiniso, omema ubufakazi obuqand 'ikhanda. Futhi lapho Mazepa wabalekela Buchanan walindela Charles nebutho lakhe kanye hlinzeka ngalesosikhathi kuPetru Kwaba buhlungu omkhulu. Kodwa Kwavunyelwana ukuthi amasosha Russian ethumba Buchanan ngaphambi kokuza kwakhe Charles. Kudingeke ukuba basheshe. I-Akhawunti wayengekho ngisho ngezinsuku kanye iwashi. Menshikov, njengoba ngaso sonke isikhathi, kwaba phambili.

isikwati kutheleka Baturin. Menshikov baletha konke okusemandleni ami. Abanye bonke nje ishiswa. Esondela eziko, abaseSweden abakutholanga lokho aklaba dla which wathembisa Mazepa. Futhi amasosha 30000th, okuyinto eye wathembisa inkosi, Mazepa wayengekho. Hambo uphelezelwe nguNgqongqoshe ihlukane elincane Cossacks, ayivusa bayengelwa yena, bathembisa ukuthi ukulwa nesitha. (Futhi kusekhona impi Poltava, kwakudinga amandla, manje olungekho.)

Winter e-Ukraine

Ubusika lalinonya kakhulu. ibutho IsiSwidi yenkosi abadinga ebusika amakota efudumele wahlala ukudla okuphakelayo amahhashi. Kunalokho, sasizungezwe amasosha Russian ehlaselwa njalo. Abantu bendawo abangafuni ufisa libanjwe amaKatolika, bahlangana ngamaqembu yabashokobezi futhi ungayeki ukuphumula abaseSweden. Kungenzeka abaseSweden okuhleliwe kanjani ezivulekile emakamu emakhazeni ashubisa umnkantsha futhi iningi. Army zazulazula emaqeleni, uzama ukuthola indawo yokuhlala, ukudla kanye nokuphumula. Njalo edolobheni, bahlangana endleleni, kwakudingekile ukuba uwuvimbezele, incurring ukulahlekelwa, ngokuvamile eziphathekayo. Ibutho zaphela. Futhi ngo-Ephreli 1709 yabakhanga Charles Poltava. Wayengase ungacabangi ukuthi kuyoholela empini Poltava!

Poltava

Bekuyindzawo zamasu. Kungenzeka ukuxhuma kalula YaseCrimea Khanate niphume ukusekelwa. Kuyinto uyazi uKarl noPetru. Ngo Poltava, okwakubekelwa ivikelwe kwesihlahla se-okhi izindonga kuphela, elise isikaniso Russian. izinombolo akhe angamalangabi iwubuphukuphuku - abantu 4200. Charles bezoxoxa naye ngezindaba ibutho labantu 35 000. Ngokwemvelo, kwakubonakala kuye ukuthi angayinqoba kalula nilithathe leli inqaba encane. Ngo-April, kwenziwa imizamo ehlasela inqaba.

Bona kabili kuhlulekile. UNkulunkulu uvikela ukucabanga futhi banquma ukuba baqale ekuvinjezelweni. Kodwa usizo yayisivele washesha Poltava encane abakhwele amahhashi Russian - amadoda 7000 ngaphansi umyalo K. E. Renne. Ukuvinjezelwa ngu abaseSweden ku Poltava nzima lokuthi wabelwa ukuba ahole Cossacks. Ngakho baphoqeleka ukuba ukuqhuba yokwemba futhi Cossacks ashisayo wacabanga yona fojisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaseSweden azange abe izikhali okuvinjezelwa. Ikhanda nabakhileyo inqaba encane enezivikelo eziqinile. Babengenazo umcabango umaluju wakhe ukuze abaseSweden. Akekho owayazi ukuthi ezisele izinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kokuqala Poltava impi. 1709 ngeke yehle emlandweni wethu, futhi ngo-July 10 itawugujwa njengoba Day wenkazimulo lempi Russia.

Ilungiselela impi

Nakuba ohlangothini Russian wayelungiselela nempi ebalulekile, Poltava bavikela heroically. Umuzi wagijima abalimi abavela ezindaweni eziseduze, kodwa kukhona ukudla okwanele wayengekho. Kakade ngoMeyi, abantu baqala yindlala. Sasingenayo nuclei, kanye nesibhamu waqala Ukushaja cobblestones. Garrison ingashintshwa ukuze wenze ukushiswa Swedish izakhiwo lokhuni izimbiza ezigcwele abilayo yomsizi netiyela. Poltava nesibindi benzeni ukuhlaselwa Swedish. isikhundla lokugcina Kwakwethusa. Summer ungeze ukukhathazeka entsha. Ngenxa ukushisa e inyama ithole izimpethu, kanye kwaba langakufanelekela ukudla. Isinkwa kwakuyisikhumbuzo kanzima futhi izinto eziningi ezincane. Kwakungekho usawoti. Ngezinye kwalimala esibhibhayo ngokushesha athuthukile. Inhlamvu kwaphonswa kusukela Russian zakubona phambili phansi. Futhi usuku lonke abayekanga kwezibhamu Russian. Ibutho isiSwidi kwaba neligwadulekile kakade, kodwa uPetru wayecabanga ukuthi akwanele.

Ukunakekela umyalo Russian

umyalo Russian le nqaba wasiza ukuqondisa. amasosha ayisishiyagalolunye bakwazi ukungena isikaniso. Nabo, le nqaba yazibonakalisa neziqhumane nomthofu. Ekuqaleni kuka-June, eholwa Boris Sheremetyev yonke impi Russian besihlangene ekamu enezivikelo eziqinile. Lapho omunye ekuhlaseleni regiments Russian badedelwa ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane amasosha Russian ekuthunjweni ngo abaseSweden. Ngokushesha kwafika impi, uPetru.

Wayengumngane ngakolunye uhlangothi lomfula. Military Council bakhetha ukukwaka isikebhe uwelele ohlangothini lapho kwakukhona Poltava. Lokhu kwakwenziwa. Futhi ngemuva isiRashiya, njengoba kwakuke ku le Kulikovo ensimini kwaba umfula. (Battle of Poltava e 1709 kuyokwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu. Emasontweni amabili azayo.)

Isebenza ekamu Russian

Army laqonda yande. ezinhlangothini ezimbili bavikela yehlathi eliminyene, ezingemuva - emfuleni amabhuloho. Ngaphambi vanguard welulela plain. Kwakuthinta lapho, uPitrosi ubelinde ekuhlaseleni abaseSweden. Kube bakhela izakhiwo zokuzivikela - redoubts. Kuleli ethafeni, futhi kuyoba Battle of Poltava, okuzokwenza yehle emlandweni wethu kanye senguquko ezinjalo, njengoba Battle of the Ice, Kulikov, futhi Battle of kwaseStalingrad.

okwandulela

Ngaphambi izimpi, nje kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuthi, uKarl XII ngo lwakhe lokuzalwa walimala. Lona-ke, musa uthole iminyaka yokulwela umhuzuko, waylaid ichashazi Russian. Yena hit esithendeni sadabula lonke unyawo, sokuqeda amathambo. Kusenzima zingayinciphisi kwentshiseko yenkosi, futhi ebusuku ngo-June 27 impi yaqala. Wayengahlezi wabanjwa off-aqaphe Russian. ngokushesha Menshikov nge izinqola zakhe waphawula ukunyakaza wesitha. Swedish elihamba wezikhali esingu nalutho.

izibhamu ezine Swedish kunamakhulu kithi. Ukuphakama umangele. Menshikov wayemagange ukulwa, ecela ukusekelwa. Kodwa uPetru izibambe nentshiseko yakhe futhi isuswe kuya ezingemuva. AbaseSweden wathatha lokhu iqhinga of ukubaleka, wagijima elandela kuye futhi engaqondile wasondela izibhamu ekamu. ukulahlekelwa yabo yayinengi.

Battle of Poltava, 1709 th ngonyaka

Ngezinye eziyisishiyagalombili ekuseni, uPetru kabusha impi. Maphakathi ukubeka elihamba, wezikhali phakathi okuyinto ihambisa ngokulinganayo. I abagibele amahhashi sasingamashumi phezu ezinhlangothini. Lona-ke - ukuqala impi ewumnqamula-juqu! Njengoba ehlanganisa wonke amandla akhe, Charles wabaphonsa maphakathi elihamba yayo futhi kancane agxishiwe. I balwe uPetru ngokwakhe wahola Ibutho.

On the ezinhlangothini abagibele amahhashi Russian baphuthuma. Wezikhali akazange ayeke. UNkulunkulu uvikela, falling futhi bephonsa isibhamu kwakhe inqwaba, esikhiqiza ukubhonga ukuthi ashabalala izindonga. Ngaphansi Menshikov wabulala amahhashi amabili. Peter esingu isigqoko. Zonke ensimini Zavoloka intuthu. UNkulunkulu uvikela babaleka bethukile. Charles zakubona izandla zakhe, futhi wayezama ukulibeka ukubaleka uhlanya. Kodwa akekho wayelalele. Khona-ke inkosi yahlala ukuthutha wagijimela Dnieper. Okuningi eRussia abazange bambone.

Enkundleni yempi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka anesithoba amawaka abaseSweden wake liwile. ukulahlekelwa kwethu zaba kancane ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane. Ukunqoba kwaba inani olungenamkhawulo.

ushushiso

Izinsalela ibutho isiSwidi, futhi kwaba 16 000 abantu, ngosuku olulandelayo ezamiswa owayezinikele abawinile. Emandleni amabutho abaseSweden ukuthi phakade zazamazama.

Uma uthi okungukuthi Battle of Poltava, kafushane, ke ingafingqwa ngegama elilodwa - ukunqoba abaphakamisa umbono eliphezulu Russia emazweni aseNtshonalanga. Izwe ifikile ibanga elide kusukela Russia eRussia, futhi kuqedwe enkundleni ka Poltava. Futhi-ke kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi ngonyaka, yiMpi Poltava - omunye ezine omkhulu kunayo yonke emlandweni wezwe lakithi.