Lermontov kafushane. Imisebenzi M. Yu. Lermontova

Enye yezimbongi ezidumile kunazo isiRashiya, "umprofethi" we nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, owaphila eminyakeni amabili nesikhombisa kuphela ... Kodwa ngalolo isikhathi esifushane wakwazi adlulisele kubo bonke Emavesini zahlasela umphefumulo wakhe.

Kulesi sihloko sizohlola lokusungula Lermontov. Kafushane uthinte phezu periodization lembhali, kanye ukukhuluma mayelana nezisusa eziyisisekelo imisebenzi yakhe.

M. Yu. Lermontov

Kunzima ukukhuluma ngomsebenzi Lermontov kafushane. Lokhu giant, kanye Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym.

Isikhathi ukundlula e Lermontov wawela namathathu banesifo esibi yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Le nkathi emlandweni wonke uMbuso isiRashiya, lapho kufika esigabeni zokucindezeleka nokukhungatheka emphakathini. Ngemva kokunqotshwa kuvukela le Decembrists ' kwakudingekile ukuze uthole izimpendulo entsha yombuzo wayo wakudala othi: "? Yini okufanele ngiyenze"

Esikhathini izincwadi, lo mkhuba kubonakala nokuqinisa namaqiniso izisusa ukwamukelwa unacceptability imicimbi. Nokho, kwahamba ezinye indlela Mihail Yurevich Lermontov (isithombe sakhe self-portraits eboniswe ngezansi).

Ngakho-ke, kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe lapho bazibonakalise bethembekile ukuze romanticism, kodwa yayingakwazi ngobuciko sihlanganise ngayo okwangempela izinkondlo zakhe, idrama kanye temibhalo yephrozi.

Okulandelayo sizoxoxa ezimbili izinkathi umsebenzi lo muntu omkhulu. Kodwa ngokusebenzisa zonke izenzakalo umugqa obomvu kuzothatha ukunxanela kwakhe lo sublime, umzabalazo, ekahle Byron endabeni yenkululeko.

lokusungula bobusha

Abacwaningi futhi abahlaziyi bemibhalo zihlukaniswe amabili izinkathi lokusungula Lermontov. ukukhuluma Kafushane, lokhu kumiswa lyric esiteji, okwaqala ngo-1828 kuya ku-1836, kanye nokuvuthwa. Umngcele phakathi kwawo kwaba ukufa Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina futhi umkhiqizo "Ukufa imbongi."

Ngakho, umzamo wokuqala ukwethula imicabango womfana ngesimo izinkondlo basonta engu-nane. Ngalesi sikhathi, umndeni wakhe Kwagqashuka "impi" phakathi nobaba, abaqala wabona ithalente lendodana yakhe futhi bemsekela, futhi ugogo wakhe, ukuzama ukwenza ukuthi umhlengikazi umntwana bona.

I izinkondlo yokuqala eligcwele yithemba, boyish, izisusa nobuqhawe ehlupheka. Kuhlanganisa uhlaka "Demon" futhi "ukhiphe imicabango", kamuva ngendlela ehlelekileko "Duma".

Ngaphezu kwalokhu kwakunenkinga ngezihluthu umndeni, isimo imbongi abasha kakhulu ukuthonywa kokunqotshwa kwe Decembrists nabacindezelwe emkhathini owandile umphakathi.

Ngesikhathi lyrical insizwa bajwayelane izincwadi yaseNtshonalanga, ikakhulukazi imisebenzi Byron wathumba. Ngakho-ke, ngo-izinkondlo Lermontov sika bazalwa izithombe heroes romantic enomphefumulo ukubuyisa. Ziyakwazi esizimele, alambele inkululeko, adelele imvelo futhi esimweni yomzabalazo waphakade nabo.

isigaba avuthiwe

Izinto zashintsha iba kokufa Pushkin. Lo mcimbi kakhulu eshintsha umsebenzi Lermontov. Kafushane, ungazwakalisa ke ngegama elilodwa - ukuvuswa.

Manje Mikhail uyazi ayekuthunyiwe njengomprofethi imbongi. Burn izinhliziyo zabantu sento. Bonisa umphakathi isimo sangempela linqoba kulo lonke izwe of the Empire, Russian.

Kuze kube yimanje, Lermontov eshiya eCaucasus and kude Umbusi "izikhonzi" yakhe. umoya imbongi Mahhala nedlubulundayo umelana isimo linqoba. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kwangaleso, uyakhohlwa enkondlweni "umProfethi?", "Ukushona Poet", "Borodino", "I-Motherland" kanye nabo bonke abanye.

Kwaba ekupheleni ukuphila okuzelwe "civil" Lermontov. Izithombe imbongi eCaucasus kubonisa ukukhungatheka, esizungwini ebonisa ukucabanga okujulile futhi wamukela ukuthunywa.

Kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, imbongi eba imibono zezenhlalo nezombusazwe Pushkin, Belinsky, Chaadaev. Ngo umsebenzi isikhathi sakhe ovuthiwe kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuthi kwenzekani isizukulwane, usizi uthando, uzama ukwenza umqondo esikhundleni izinkondlo emlandweni wesintu.

Motif emzabalazweni

Njengoba sishilo phambilini, izinkondlo of Lermontov kahle eligcwele Motifs romantic, imibono kanye nezithombe. ithonya Nkosi Byron ku Lo mfana omncane wabe ngasinda elingapheli nalapho sezikhulile.

Inkondlo yokuqala kakhulu M. Yu. Lermontova benamandla ubuqhawe, ukungabi halftones, uhlushwa amaphutha emhlabeni wangempela kanye nezifiso uqondwa imbongi.

Ikakhulukazi egcwele kwemizwelo futhi sithola intsha lidlule emisebenzini ezintathu - "ezithunjiwe Knight", "The Prisoner" futhi "Span".

Bona wabusa landscape nezithombe ongokomfanekiso. Ngokwesibonelo, e "Span" Sibona isibonisi imicimbi yangaphakathi umphefumulo imbongi ozama ukuveza usebenzisa esibuthakathaka kancane balahlekelwa olwandle.

Inkondlo "The Prisoner" ibonisa nje asale inkantini Lermontov ngoba alibheke "Ukufa imbongi." Ngokwezinga elikhulu lokhu insizwa wacabanga ukuthi indawo yakhe uMbuso Russian ngaphansi kombuso ekhona.

Le timu uyaqhubeka "ezithunjiwe Knight". Kulotshiwe futhi ekuphetheni olandela Duel Barant. Encwadini yakhe ethi sibona kancane kancane eyayembuleka umphakathi ingxabano kanye ngabanye.

Ngakho, amavesi anjalo abonisa ukwenqena Lermontov ukunikeza ngaphansi kohlaka zomphakathi ingcindezi neyesigodi.

Isiphetho izizukulwane

Ngokusho besikhathi, izinkondlo Lermontov eveza nezifiso kwangempela nezazi, zazo iningi esabe ngisho ukucabanga.

Umkhiqizo main, okuyinto ngokugcwele ebuswa motif okungenakho ukungaqiniseki ukuphazamiseka sokungasebenzi zomphakathi kanye wobugwala, kuyinto ukubhinqa, le Elegy "Duma". Ngo uhlobo yayo kufana le nkondlo "Ukufa imbongi." Kodwa, ngokungafani lokuqala, it is uphawu zonke nezihlakaniphi, hhayi izikhulu enkantolo.

Mikhail imigqa enkondlweni usola abantu besikhathi wobugwala bese aphunyuke wezepolitiki lekusasa elingcono. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imbongi ubiza ukuba ukuvuselelwa zokuziphatha nezingokomoya. imibono Lermontov sika kuyendlulela ngokuphelele Ryleeva imicabango ukuze "isakhamuzi."

Abagxeki kwaleso sikhathi, waseHerzen futhi Belinsky, wathola kahle ukubukeka umsebenzi. Bambona lapho inkulumo ethi okukhulu kakhulu izizathu umuzwa nandaba nokunganaki ukuhlupha umphakathi ku namathathu banesifo esibi yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye.

ukudumala

Njengezinye izinkondlo eziningi M. Yu. Lermontova, ezihlobene zokuphila neminyaka yokugcina, imisebenzi, "ngokuphazima kweso zokuphila ezinzima ..." "ngiphuma wedwa endleleni ..." futhi "Futhi nesithukuthezi futhi kudabukisa" benamandla enokuthula ukudabuka.

Poet ukhathele impi engapheli futhi akusizi ngalutho nabantu ayephila nabo, abangafuni ukuba uzwe izwi lakhe futhi ukuba baphaphame ukozela ebulalayo. Uqwashile futhi nemvelo asebenzayo lale nsizwa kancane kancane luhlala ngezibopho zomphakathi wenkohliso ngobugwala.

Umugqa ngamunye kule nkondlo engenhla ibonisa isifiso phuma yezinyoni, okuyinto Lermontov babekholelwa ukuphila kwakhe. Yena, njengo ngasekuqaleni iminyaka yokweva eshumini nambili, namanje e isiphazamiso, nakuba wazalwa ngesikhathi esifanele.

Thanda inkondlo eziningi nezinye Lermontov sika, le nkondlo kuchasiselwe namathafa imizwa engaphakathi umlobi. Esikhathini imisebenzi amathathu andulelayo, sibona ukudabuka okungenamingcele isizungu umuntu owabeka ukuphila kuso ukuphaphamisa isizukulwane, kodwa kwahamba kanjani.

Lobu, ubuciko okusezingeni eliphezulu

izinkondlo Lermontov Akugcinanga izimfanelo amile maqondana nezenzakalo namathathu banesifo esibi. Master kungenzeka ukuveza imicabango yami ejulile ambalwa amagama. Noma yimuphi umugqa kungaba elimchazayo kufihlwe.

Uma uzama ukuhlaziya ezimbili imisebenzi yakhe ( "umProfethi?" Futhi "The Poet"), siyobona ubuhlungu engapheli esiyitholayo Mikhail. Eyokuqala yabhalwa kusasele amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokufa genius. It sibonisa indoda amabili nesikhombisa ka-hero ngesimo zonke umprofethi dengwane futhi uqondwa. Labo aphoqeleka ukuba aphile ehlane futhi abekezelele ukugconwa kusukela amaFilisti ezimfushane.

Umsebenzi wesibili libhekene eziningi ngokuqhathanisa ekhexisayo. Kuyo umbhali lifanisa umsebenzi okunamandla imbongi okushiwo ukuba khona ukulwa angababulali uqobo. Ekuqaleni, lapho ngineminyaka engu-abadinga lokho, yaklebhula mail futhi lenze injongo yalo. Ngemva - yena lunjani nje igolide ithoyizi ezingenalutho othulini eshalofini ukuhlangana.

isikhundla civil

Kamuva usebenza M. Yu. Lermontova eside express umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela sengqondo izenzakalo emphakathini, kunokuba ngokumelene isixuku eyisihlubuki.

Ngakho, sibonisa ngokucacile kakhulu isikhundla imbongi yombango izinkondlo ezifana "Farewell, Russia ezingahlanjiwe", "Ukushona Poet" futhi "Kukangaki sizungezwe isixuku Motley ...".

Kuzo sibona ukufutheka becindezela nentukuthelo phezu wokulahlekelwa yomoya womphakathi. eqinile Ikakhulukazi ingumkhiqizo lokugcina ngenhla. It Lermontov libonisa imaski endala Umbusi retinue yakhe ngemuva buso, nalokho amaphupho kwalesi sigodi ekuseni ebuntwaneni. Lokhu inkondlo yalotshwa ngemva kokuvakashela uNcibijane zomkhosi Petersburg ebusika 1840.

Ngabaleka futhi wabulawa eCaucasus izintaba isizinda iqhawe zokuphila yakhe eyathatha isikhathi esifushane futhi zeziyaluyalu ekubonisa yokujama tsi ababephila ngesikhathi. Kamuva abacusumbuli baye wabalisa ngokuthi singakanani izincwadi kulahleka. Lermontov kwadingeka iminyaka engamashumi amabili nesikhombisa ukuhlwanyela imbewu ku umphefumulo yokuvukela yomphakathi, pick it up emadolweni wayo ngemva kokunqotshwa kwe-Decembrists.

uthando

Imisebenzi M. Yu. Lermontova hhayi kuphela kubonise emzabalazweni A Loner uyaziqhenya nomphakathi, olwandle olunesivunguvungu noma azenza isixuku. Kwezinye izincwadi azibhala sihlangane nothando nakho. Nokho, Anibashiyanga kukhona umqondo esiphakade sembubhiso nosizi ukuthi kwadingeka imbongi.

Ngakho, kulesi sihloko sisazi ne izigaba futhi uhlele kabusha imicondvo lemcoka obonakaliswe umsebenzi imbongi omkhulu Russian.

Inhlanhla nina bathandekayo!