Lefortovo Isigodlo: ukwakhiwa, wezakhiwo, umlando

Entwasahlobo ka-1675, kwakubikwa indoda ebukekayo ngokungavamile futhi smart abasha eMoscow. Yena uvela Switzerland kusesho adventure nengcebo okuseduze. Ukuze credit lakhe - bese ngakolunye iphunga wayengumuntu omuhle. isiphetho German lapho ayehlala khona, e naleyo minyaka kunezithunywa ngokuvakashela eziswebezelayo ezinamaphiko bamazwe, kodwa nguye, uFranz Lefort, ukhanda usebalungiselele ithikithi ngokuwina, okwenza umuntu owayejwayelene kakhulu Petra Velikogo.

darling Young fortune

Bazinze Ikota isiJalimane, Franz kwaba ekujaheni nasemthwalweni ngokwabo nanoma yimuphi umsebenzi othize, futhi abe bazitholele okokuziphilisa, washada overripe ezimbalwa, kepha okokusebenza olunikezwa indodakazi uColonel Sug, befuna injabulo elethwa eRussia evela eFrance. Young, amahle, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, uthole isipho eningi, Lefort bebephila ukuphila ngokunganaki, efana idili never-ophela. Kwaba endaweni lingabuyela kumnandi, futhi ayemiselwe ukuhlangana abasha lapho uMbusi uPetru I.

The Swiss omncane wayephethe banamakhono amaningi, kodwa evelele kunazo zonke phakathi kwawo kwakukhona ikhono isikhalazo kumuntu ofanele. Maduze nje autocrat isiRashiya, hhayi kuphela wamletha kuye, kodwa futhi wenza omunye abaphatheli yayo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi umsebenzi Lefort ngokucijile wakhuphukela egqumeni, futhi lapha Fortuna bangisekela waphakamisa nenhlanhla ngoba kakhulu inhlalakahle inqobe.

isipho EnguMbusi intandokazi yakhe

Ophayo izintandokazi wakhe, uPetru akakhulumi isilwane esisha isipho bobukhosi bangempela - isakhiwo ngaye e Moscow, ku osebeni Yauza inxuluma zikanokusho, ezungezwe ipaki wabiza Lefortovo Palace. Ukuhlela ukwakheka Dmitry Aksamitov ezathatha oda kanjani umklamo kanye izakhiwo, eseqedile ekudalweni kwakhe 1698. Kwaba ezintsha kakhulu ngesikhathi sayo.

eyakhelwe Ngaphambili izigodlo eMoscow paled phambi yokuhlala wezikhulu lucky. mansion yakhiwa kuleli okuthiwa isitayela eclectic, okuyinto sihlanganisa izakhi zezakhiwo ezindala basemajele kanye izitayela abasafufusa leyo minyaka, ngokuthi "baraque kaPetru". Ngokufanelekile njengezidalwa ezingaphezu kwabantu ukuthi umbhali yephrojekthi ingenye abaklami wokuqala Russian abenze ezama ukwephula aphume nohlaka ewumngcingo izakhiwo zangaphambi Petrine.

Ubuhle egumbini eyamukelayo

Kuyo, konke kwakuyize entsha futhi engavamile uma ziqhathaniswa canons ezimisiwe eMoscow. Ukuze wenze Lefortovo Palace, indawo wemihlangano esizayo ukuthi singamelana nalobo inqwaba nabamenyiwe, inkosi yayala ukuba zihlele ke ehholo ekungeyona eyakhe, hhayi eliphansi kuya ubukhulu imodeli European. D. Aksamitov ncamashi wagcwalisa nale mfuneko, nokuziqhenya bakha isigodlo baba ihholo futhi eziyishumi-engamamitha giant endaweni square metres, anamakhulu mathathu.

Chandeliers Khanyisa eziyigugu kubonakala ezihlukahlukene izibuko, yahlanganisa omkhulu portrait kaPetru mina, ngendlela esabekayo ebheka phansi ngendwangu padded obomvu odongeni ngesiNgisi. Ekukhunjulwa izivakashi ungahlosile elahlekile ngokuchichima izithombe tapestries amahle, svezonnyh lapha izitolo esingcono kakhulu eYurophu. Ikamelo lalilikhulu kangangokuthi kwakungase zibabaza ubukhazikhazi abantu neshumi nanhlanu ngesikhathi.

isixhobo amakamelo

I hit Lefortovo esigodlweni kanye okunethezeka we namanye amagumbi. Kusukela Umlando wabantu ababephila ukwazi ukuthi amehlo Ukunikela isixhobo amakamelo, kuhlanganise eyodwa, ophilayo isikhumba oluhlaza wagcwala amakhabethe china, omunye imikhiqizo hit bheka amakhosi kwendle Chinese, eyesithathu - ifenisha eziyigugu. Futhi ngakho engcebeni ayengenakubalwa.

esigodlweni epaki

Ngaphansi sihloko, konke kwakuyize futhi ipaki elizungeze Lefortovo Palace. On ke, singafunda incwadi kumnikazi, ethunyelwe umfowabo 1698. Lichaza olubanzi, ezindaweni okuqondene ke, lapho, phakathi kwezihlahla ezinomthunzi siphile njengokungathi endle, nezilwane zasendle. Lefort futhi ngawe iledere rarity ngalezo zikhathi - amachibi yokufakelwa agcwele izinhlanzi.

isakhiwo isakhiwo kwenziwa ngendlela yokuthi phambi main aguqulwa kuya Yauza. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu kubonakale bezibona ke njengoba umfula ngempela imikhumbi. Ngokusho umbhali, ukubukeka kwamagceke sigodlo sasibhekwa kwahambisana walubeka zemibukiso kanye nezibhamu, anamanci mahlanu.

Thuka, izingcindezi esigodlweni

Housewarming party, ephelezelwa injabulo enkulu, okwenzeka ngo-February 1699. Vele kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zivela izimfihlo Lefortovo esigodlweni. Iqiniso lokuthi izindaba lakhe ibingamashumi eziningi izenzakalo simbe futhi emenza legends emnyama. Eyokuqala yalezi kwaba nokufa ngokungalindelekile kwesihlobo umnikazi wendlu, sebedlula kuyo ngemva kwamasonto amathathu imikhosi yeziyaluyalu.

Imbangela ezisemthethweni isifo sakhe sasiba ngokuthi, eminyakeni eminingi ihlushwe Lefort, kodwa akafunanga uyavumelana nala salisikisela abanye umona, nge okuyinto sasigcwele isiphetho isiJalimane, phakathi okungase kahle abe ochwepheshe ubuthi. Kodwa kamuva, lapho aqhubeka string eyethusayo nokufa, umbono ovamile uye yafinyelela kuyi isiqalekiso ezithile, encike kakhulu lesi sigodlo. Ngakho-ke noma cha - kunzima ukusho, kodwa zikude ezeni, uPetru wasebenzisa lesi Isigodlo esihle inhloso yazo, ukuhlela it reception amanxusa, yesifunda, nokuningi binges nje crazy.

Umnikazi omusha lwesigodlo

Lokhu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba 1706, kwaze kwaba isiphetho kwenzeka ngo Semenovskaya umlilo akababhubhisanga ekhaya lomunye abayizintandokazi yenkosi - Alexander Danilovich Menshikov. Ukuze ududuze izisulu esinesithunzi komlilo, umbusi bamnika elinye Lefortovo esigodlweni eziyizintandane ngokuthatha abanye ukuhlelwa kabusha yayo. Umeme ngumnikazi omusha, wezakhiwo Russian Lokudabuka Italian Giovanni Maria Fontana, ngaphezu isakhiwo main esakhiwe ivuliwe isikwele storey izakhiwo zixhunywe zokuhamba ezimboziwe, egcekeni kanti ehlotshiswe zokudlala eyinkimbinkimbi.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi esigodlweni Lefortovo seyaziwa ngokuthi Menshikov, kodwa nethonya phezu athuke akuvumelekile nokuthi kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku ukujabulela ubukhazikhazi kwamakamelo elimangalisayo. Ngemva kokufa abavikela yakhe ngokuphelele Aleksandrov zavorovavshiysya balahlekelwa amandla wadingiselwa eSiberia, njengoba besho, nokudliwa kwempahla.

isisulu Ikusasa imimoya emibi

Lapho, esikhathini esifushane wokubusa uPetru II inhlokodolobha kwaphinde kuhanjiswe ku Moscow, lesi sigodlo saba omunye zokuhlala yenkosi abasha. Kwakungenxa kuye i autocrat babema e 1727, wafika ngo-ekumisweni kwayo. Nokho, isiqalekiso bese ukukhunjuzwa ngokwayo - ngokuzumayo kokushona kukadadewethu yakhe Natalya Alekseevna. Esonweni, uPetru II bashiya isigodlo, kodwa wabuya ngonyaka owalandela.

Kwaba ukuqubuka kakhulu kuye. Wayephila esikhathini "Isigodlo ezimbi ubudala" esingaphansi konyaka, lo nkosi yangena umshado Princess Ekaterinoy Dolgorukovoy, kodwa umshado okwakungafanele abe kuyo. Ngosuku lwalo mhlangano, January 18, 1730, wafa ngokuzumayo. Ngemva nje kokufa kwakhe, wanyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi Empress Anna Ivanovna.

Bes bese kuhlulekile podgadit icala. Kwelinye amahholo esigodlweni, uye imazisa abangakwenza ukuze baphule ngemvume isimo kuqala, okuyinto kungagcini bobukhosi amandla ukucasula. Ngenxa yalokho, ewubuciko Empress iminyaka eyishumi kwafaka Russia ibe maelstrom onegazi kobushiqela yakhe.

Eziningana ngaphambili kuphumelele kakhulu kwaba kuphela iNdlovukazi Elizabeth Petrovna, kungekho umonakalo obonakalayo kimi wahlala lapha 1742 ngesikhathi evakashele eMoscow. Akathunyelwa isiphetho ubuhle blue uneso, ngaphezu kwanoma yini enye lyubivshuyu izingubo kumnandi futhi muhle Guards isikhulu. Ukuze wakhe ukufika esigodlweni emakamelweni yabuyiselwa ngemva zahlasela kubo umlilo eMoscow ngo-1737.

I okunye isiphetho esigodlweni

Kuyinto impahla kaMgcinimafa, Lefortovo Palace eMoscow okwesikhathi eside esetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njengendawo yokuhlala yokwamukela amanxusa akwamanye amazwe futhi osomaqhinga ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1771, kube kwaku ngokuhlukaniswa isifo kwathi kamuva wazinza izinceku ethiyetha sika. Inani elisha lutholwa isigodlo 1804, lapho itholakala isimo ingobo yomlando lempi.

Ukuphela ubukhazikhazi esigodlweni wangena 1812. umlilo umlilo ukuthi ungcwatshwa inhlokodolobha lasendulo, yehlelwa, futhi lezi zindonga. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngaso leso sikhathi lapho kanye kaPetru baraque ezihlangene ivumelana ngokuphelele yasendulo Russian Terem isitayela, ukuphila kwakhe kwakusengozini incithakalo amnyama. Endaweni yengcebo zazingekho izimali ngoba ifake isandla ekubuyiselweni kwalo, le sigodlo sasibhekwa elahliwe futhi yibo bonke iminyaka eminingi.

Ngokwe-Umlando wabantu ababephila, amanxiwa alo maduze igcwele izihlahla notshani, okwakungathi uzama ukufihla emehlweni abedlula ubuhlungu izimpawu ngokunganaki. Amanxiwa ngokwabo njengoba izakhamuzi ezintsha zibuya ngokushesha. Babé yisiphephelo amasela zendawo izigcwelegcwele, sicashe khona amaphoyisa. It uphromothiwe kanye omkhulu, kanye uzilungise, futhi ngesikhathi epaki zasendle. Ngaleyo minyaka, Muscovites wazama ukuthola round kule ndawo emnyama.

Lesi sigodlo, elaba zomlando

Ukuvuselelwa esigodlweni lwaluqala forties ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, lapho ku umyalo omkhulu kunayo yonke Nicholas eNgophezukonke ukuthi lakhiwa futhi lanwetshwa esitezi sesithathu. Ngo amahholo elise yayo isimo archive Main Abasebenzi Army, ngubani khona kuze kube yilolu suku.

Kodwa namuhla, kule eziyinkimbinkimbi zezakhiwo eduze emnyangweni wezempi arekhoda iqoqo kakhulu kuwo izinto zokwakha umsindo ezihlobene nezikhathi ezahlukene emlandweni. Leli qoqo lihlanganisa nezakhiwo eziningana umsindo Impucuko futhi setepolitiki. Iqoqo le labhulali omkhulu, ngokuthi kafushane RGAFD, ungabona ulalele ezihlukahlukene abathwali umsindo, kusukela wax amasilinda ukuze CD yesimanje.

Isikhumbuzo eMoscow ubudala

Hlola eMoscow ubudala akunakwenzeka ukubona Lefortovo Palace. Ikheli kuye .. 2nd Bauman Street, njll 3. Thola kweso. Ungasebenzisa esitimeleni futhi phuma ngaso Bauman esiteshini futhi engafinyelelwa ngenombolo ibhasi 78. Endabeni kakhulu, iyiphi Muscovite ukumemezela kwakho lapho esigodlweni Lefortovo itholakala.

Namuhla ukubukeka kwakhe ukuhluka kunaleso ayenaso kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule. Isizathu salokho - e rearrangements eminingi, kwakuthi lapho beqhuba kuphela izinjongo ezifanele, futhi ngaphandle kucatshangelwa ubunjalo lathumela, watshala khona Iphrojekthi yokuqala.

Ngenxa izinguquko ezenziwe kusakhiwo jikelele kwendawo, ivalwe bese ubuka kanye-enhle kusukela Yauza. Njengoba kwesiqalekiso, nethonya phezu esigodlweni ezinsukwini ubudala, khona-ke njengoba nje izindonga zawo zazilotshiwe lempi, awusebenzi ukuzibonakalisa - ngisho egijima ebuthweni Russian le mimoya emimbi.