Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Petersburg. Umlando Petersburg

Akuwona wonke umuzi nge iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu umlando ungashintsha ngiziqhayise ezihlukahlukene ezifana izakhiwo kanye namasiko, njengoba uPetru. Umcebo wakhe, enesibopho ongashadile, okuyinto ingqondo ngenxa engenangqondo ka lowomqondo wayevame ukungabaza. Iminyuziyamu yeshashalazi futhi imitapo, izigodlo nezingadi, romance, ubuciko kanye okusuka - uyisizinda sayo yonke Leningrad esifundeni, okuyinto minyaka yonke budonsa izivakashi ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene. Namuhla sikhuluma idolobha elikhazimulayo nge a umlando ocebile. Uzofunda ngamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ngoPeter.

Insimu izinganekwane

Saint Petersburg ligubuzelwe eziningi zinganekwane ezithakazelisayo futhi engavamile. Omunye wabo iyalandisa isisekelo salo. Ngokusho version olusemthethweni, umbusi omkhulu uPeter Omkhulu waqaphela ukuthi kuleli zwe lidinga itheku. Lokhu kuyomenza abone ngixhumane Europe. Yingakho kunesidingo ukudala indawo elalizoba maphakathi zungu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo babe isivikelo yezindawo enyakatho ntshonalanga yezwe. Indawo elihambisana nalezi zici ezingenhla, abakhethelwa ogwini eGulf of Finland.

Meyi 16, 1703, e ukugubha imfundiso kaZiqu-zintathu, i-emperor bafike endaweni Rabbit Island. Leli gama livela egameni yokuthi ngaso amanzi ephakeme ingenye onogwaja eyayifihlelwe inkosi emanzini ngaphuma e amabhuzu, ngaleyo ndlela esindisa ngokwabo.

Sibheka eduze endaweni, lapho le nkosi yanqoba kusukela abaseSweden, yahlatshwa Wama wathi ukuthi kuzoba khona idolobha elikhulu futhi ekhazimulayo Petersburg. Khona-ke wathatha lokwela futhi baqala ukumba emseleni. Kamuva wabeka itshe isisekelo sekusasa le nqaba. Ngaleso sikhathi, endaweni khona ixhaphozi esingaweleki futhi ugwadule buthuntu. Nakuba lo mbusi wayehamba, uMary ayehamba naye ezikhathini yonke indawo ukhozi - uphawu lwempumelelo, amandla nokuchuma.

Ukuphikisa of Folk yezinganekwane

Eqinisweni, cishe zonke lezi zinganekwane - eqanjiwe. Lokhu kusebenza futhi inganekwane ngenhla. Abacwaningi wagxeka ngokugcwele inganekwane ezinjalo. Noma kunjalo, umlando Petersburg namanje nolimi kusukela izindaba, futhi isikhathi eside, abantu abakucabangayo ngawo njengoba iqiniso.

eqanjiwe Okokuqala - khona uPetru Hare Island ngoMeyi 1703. Ngalesi sikhathi, uMbusi balandela ukwakhiwa imikhumbi e Lodeynoye Pole, owawungumnyaka amakhilomitha 200 kusukela dolobha esizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkosi nobaba kuyaqabukela kwehla kule ndawo. Futhi hhayi icala bobukhosi imigodi, ebeka amatshe lokuqala, futhi egijima ngokusebenzisa izifundazwe.

Kwakungekho ukhozi enhle, ngoba eziyisisekelo ezitholakala kule ndawo. Nokho, ihlathi lapha kwakukhona zasendle ngempela. Ngokwesibonelo, ku-Elagin Island, okuyinto namuhla iyisonto kwepaki kubo. S. M. Kirova, uhlalwe amabhere ansundu.

By the way, lezi zilwane awamukelekile kahle eqinisweni yokuthi isondele nabantu njalo ehlaselwa abakhi, okuyinto kuye kwaholela ekulahlekelweni kunalokho enkulu ekuphileni. Ekugcineni, kwanqunywa ukuba abhubhise namabhere.

Jungle nge nemizana

Kulesi amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Petersburg, ungayeki. Izinganekwane ezikhuluma ngabantu esingaweleki, emaxhaphozini lingenamuntu - eqanjiwe. Eqinisweni, kula mazwe elihunyushwe abantu sikulungele ukuba kuphilwe kuso okwamanje bakudala ababe izihlobo Finno-Ugric abantu. Emakhulwini eminyaka VIII-IX lwamaSlav bazinza lapha. Esikhathini 1600s, lezi zindawo ngesikhathi empi wabuyisana ngu abaseSweden, futhi fanele kuze them kuze 1721. Ngesikhathi ekuqaleni ukwakhiwa kwakunabamemezeli abangaba ngu-amane nemizana esimatasa nge amasonto, izinqaba, izindlu. Ngu amazinga Ephakathi kwaba nemizana kahle esikhulu. Kodwa amandla zezakhiwo ezindala eyincithakalo futhi empeleni eyakhelwe izakhiwo ezintsha esikhundleni sawo.

Futhi mlando awakwamukeli ukuthi inkosi guided izithakazelo zakhe Inqubomgomo abantu. Umgomo wakhe oyinhloko kwakuwukushumayela ukwakha izwe elisha-European, eyayizoba Russia esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Petersburg Lakhiwa phansi ngenxa yokuthi le nkosi ayizange ivumelane ke umphakathi. Inhlokodolobha entsha kwakufanele nje kube kuphela sezombusazwe kodwa futhi kwamasiko amandla isikhungo.

Imfihlo yegama

Ngaphezu legends owaziwa ukuthi kulandiswe ekusungulweni kwaleli dolobha, abantu wawuyingxenye ngemibono engalungile igama ledolobha. Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kuyinto zithinta ngqo igama umsunguli wayo - uPeter Omkhulu. Eqinisweni, i-emperor ayinakho maqondana leli qiniso. Lo muzi ubizwa ogama lakhe behlonipha iSt Peter. Inkosi yaze ngaphambi kokusungulwa edolobheni wayefuna ngincome martyr, wathwala ogama lakhe, futhi yaqanjwa kuye abanye onqenqemeni.

Umlando Petersburg libuye lithi uPetru noPawulu Fortress, okuyinto wabeka lo mbusi, iyona okuthiwa esangweni lizwe. Futhi kwaba le abavikela unesibopho ukungena ipharadesi.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kakhulu enqabeni nenkosi kwaba luhlobo wezempi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi idolobha uhlobo nge zokuhlala, Pharmacy, nezitolo.

Izinyathelo sokuqala iphupho umbusi

On the kohlelo wasebenza uMbusi ababemenywe onjiniyela phesheya omhlaba futhu abaklami. Kodwa umsebenzi wokwakha eyenziwa izinceku, okuyinto "abamenyiwe" kusuka ezweni lonke.

Nakuba inkosi wakha umuzi amaphupho, ahlupheka Russia. Petersburg Kwakuhlelwe kanye imigqa aseYurophu, futhi ukwakhiwa yayo kwadingeka ukuba inani elikhulu amatshe. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi umsebenzi umbusi iNeva sinqatshiwe ukwakha izindlu lezi zincwadi kwenye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisebenzi ngasinye kwakumelwe eze nabo amathuluzi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa. Nge zonke yalabo abafika ngilambatha, lokuqoqa izintela. Le phrojekthi bakhangwa izigqila hhayi kuphela, kodwa amasosha (esikhathini elingenayo impi), iziboshwa ngisho ejele.

Iqiniso kanye namanga

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Petersburg ongamtshela indaba. Ngakho, imithombo eminingi ibonisa ukuthi izimo zokusebenza zazizimbi kakhulu, zakhokhelwa kancane wabusa umbuso ngesihluku. Ngempela, i-emperor igcinwe izikhonzi zakhe e ngenqindi. Ukwakhiwa abalimi weza force. Imindeni zalabo abaphunyuka bayiswa ejele badedelwa kuze abasebenzi babuyele.

Kodwa iholo futhi bakhokhelwa futhi zaba 1 ruble (komholo ngesikhathi) wasebenza (kamuva ezimbili) izinyanga ezintathu kuphela, bese akahambe ekhaya. Kukhona ulwazi le ngozi: ngokusho kombiko ahlukahlukene, bangamaphesenti phakathi kuka 1 no-5%, okungukuthi, ikhumbula ubudala, kuyinto kakhulu.

imfashini abethelwe

Ukushayela Petersburg ngokuphathelene indawo isakhiwo ngaleso sikhathi kwaba eduze exhunyiwe Njengoba edlulisela amasiko zasolwandle. Wonke amabhizinisi zakhelwe cishe ogwini. izikhukhula njalo kanye sezulu esinzima akusho ukuheha abantu. Kodwa kusukela ngo-1712, leli dolobha yamemezela enhlokodolobha. Ngobusuku obandulela izikhulu wathutha lapha, Umkhandlu Wezigele kanye ehhovisi lenxusa. Liphinde sokunethezeka esigodlweni sayo.

Efuna abangabafelokazi bahlala edolobheni kwaba kancane zasendle. Ngokwezinga elikhulu labantu lifika bethanda ekuhlaleni kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi. Ngo 1725, kwakukhona abantu abangaba ngu ayizinkulungwane 25-30 Petersburg, nakuba izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili ngaphezulu eMoscow. Khona-ke endlini Petersburg kwakwakhiwe ngu abalimi kanye abasebenzi, ngubani babehilelekile ekwakheni izakhiwo ezintsha.

Kodwa ngemva kokufa kaPetru, e 1725, ukuthuthukiswa kumile. Capital futhi eyenzeka eMoscow. Umuzi ku uMfula iNeva elahlwa. Endaweni wayengekho, njengoba inani labantu babe abalimi abase bebuyele ekhaya. Waya endaweni khona kuqala kanye nezazi. Lokhu kufakazelwa iqiniso lokuthi emathuneni lokuqala umile yasungulwa kuphela 1738.

emzini ababusi

Indlu Petersburg labhujiswa. Kungezwe izinkinga yomlilo engamakhulu amabili kanye nezikhukhula yonyaka. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amagugu yezakhiwo, okuyinto namuhla inama edolobheni ke kwakungeyona. ukugcizelela kaPetru ohlangothini ezempi. Izakhiwo base bekhulile ezinezivikelo eziqinile futhi silungele ukuhlasela isitha.

Iphuzu elitholakala kulesi wezinguquko enkulu baqhubeka indlovukazi u-Anna Ivanovna. Isinqumo 1737 wadala ekomidini ogama njongo - ukubuyisela uhlelo ekukhuleni womuzi. Ivula i-izikole kweshumi. kamuva Bahola yokuthi edolobheni isibe isikhungo samasiko.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Petersburg elihlobene ne eshiwo ngenhla uPetru noPawulu Fortress. Buka, okuyinto bayahlonishwa izivakashi namuhla - umsebenzi akuyona umbusi wokuqala nendodakazi yakhe u-Elisabethe. Lokho yakwenza nilethe simangalele ezakhiwo lesi sakhiwo lempi.

Ngafaka eningi umzamo futhi uCatherine II. Empeleni, kwaba yena eyakha enhlokodolobha enyakatho. Ngenxa wakhe, kwakukhona omunye eziqoshiwe edume kunazo - Bronze wehhashi. igama Lesi sibalo wanika imbongi A. S. Pushkin. Eqinisweni, ebaziwe uphonswa lethusi.

umqondisi izindaba

Umuzi, okuyinto ushiye ngemuva uPetru, wayempofu futhi elula. Into kuphela ukuthi uCatherine II wathatha iphrojekthi lokuqala - wesifunda Petersburg. Man eyakhelwe ngokhuni nangensimbi nobumba maqhugwane ngokucacile emgqeni ukuthi okwakuxaka futhi engaqondakali kuya ke abantu.

Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi indlu itshe kuphela enye yayakhiwe phakathi nokuphila kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi ngonyaka. Kodwa iNdlovukazi elenziwe edolobheni yesifundazwe wobuciko. Lokho-ke uye wadala eziningi zobuciko okusolwa ukuthi wayevela uPeter Omkhulu. Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe yayakhiwe izigodlo engcono izivande aluhlaza Petersburg. Khulisa nemithombo embankments.

ezinganekwaneni abaningi esizweni umkhankaso Pushkin. Ngemisebenzi yakhe isixuku sezwa ukuthi City.

It akuzange kuwumise ukuthuthukiswa futhi ngesikhathi ushintsho umbuso. Ngisho kugqashuke iMpi Yezwe II ngo emzaneni kwadingeka abantu abayizithulu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili. Izakhamuzi zenhloko-dolobha enyakatho Useke wadlula linemibhikisho ezintathu.

Isibindi namandla ayikashintshi kubo ngesikhathi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Isikhathi eside impela eLeningrad wafakazela ukuthi Petersburg iqembu - alwa wangempela wezwe lawo.

irekhodi wezwe umnikazi

Namuhla lomuzi kumele banikele amaningi fun for ngisho izivakashi spoilt kakhulu. It idlulisela hhayi kuphela izigodlo, izindlu kanye izingadi Petersburg. Izivakashi ukuza ubumnandi, okuyinto abacebile lezi zindawo. Okwesibili Venice (kangaka okuthiwa waya kuleli dolobha elikhulu) - elinye lamadolobha iningi romantic emhlabeni.

Kukhona yokuthi ababekade Leningrad ophethe irekhodi inani amabhuloho phezu imitha. Eqinisweni, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi 10% ala masimu elalihlala amanzi, lolu lwazi - ukukopela. Ubuqhawe kungokwalabo Hamburg, Germany, lapho selibalelwa 2300. Ngo-Petersburg, ngo ezahlukene ukubala izinhlelo, abo ezingaphezu kuka-1000.

Ngokwezibalo, lesi sikhungo evakashela ngonyaka izivakashi eziyizigidi ezingu-2. Ngamunye wabo ukubheka njengelungelo nihambahambe nibone Petersburg ebusuku. Ethandwa kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi sosuku esikhathini kusuka ngasekupheleni kuka May kuya maphakathi no-July. It ke okuhlanganisiwe ne kusihlwa futhi ekuseni edolobheni egxilile ukukhanya okumhlophe.

kumnandi emkhathini

nezihlakaniphi futhi isikhungo samasiko kuyinto enhle hhayi kuphela Ngezikhathi zasehlobo. Ikakhulukazi enhle ebusika Petersburg. Russian uhlale friendly ikakhulukazi kule sizini. Amakhaza ashubisa umnkantsha kanye neqhwa ethubeleza abantu beqonda njengesipho bemvelo. Ngaphambili, lapho isimo sezulu yayishisa namandla ngokukhethekile lisemsebenzini emigwaqweni bonfire ukuba abedlula ngendlela kungenzeka kulungele. Nanamuhla idolobha uyawujabulela amathilomu efudumele nezindawo zokudlela lapho ungakwazi ukujabulela dessert yendabuko edolobheni - donuts.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Petersburg kungenziwa eliqhutshwa bangaphezi. Lendawo yeshashalazi, iminyuziyamu, ubuciko kanye nomkhathi ithatha okuhle.