Okuthunyelwe abalulekile ngokomthetho umthetho civil

Ngokusho the Civil Code, ngokomthetho imiyalezo ezifanele kungaba ngesimo izaziso, izinhlobo ezahlukene eziningi imiyalezo, kufaka phakathi isitatimende. Lolu lwazi kufanele idluliselwe umamukeli. Ngokushesha kwenzeka phezu kwezidingo imiyalezo ngokomthetho abalulekile kwabangela indlela kulawulwa izenzo normative nokuxhumana. izakhiwo ezinjalo Kungacaciswa ngumthetho, inkontileka phakathi umthumeli futhi isamukeli idatha. Imiphumela nekwetfula imiyalezo komunye izinhlangothi ezimbili, noma kokubili ihlukaniswa njengoba komthetho we-civil.

Izibonelo elula

Ngokwesibonelo, omunye ngokuqinile ihlose ukunikela omunye ziphathelene inetha. Amazwi afana nalawa kungenziwa labizwa ngokuthi umyalezo ngokomthetho abalulekile.

Kukhona isimo ezahlukene: umdayisi ngeke sikuthumelele isaziso kumthengi ukuthi ungakwazi ukuza ishede, okuzokwenza ukukhulula isikhundla kuluthola.

Ngokuvamile, noma ikuphi ukuxhumana, wathumela egameni osonkontileka, lingachazwa ngokuthi imiyalezo ngokomthetho abalulekile.

Esemthethweni engakaze kukhanselwe

Uma ezinye inhlangano ufuna uziphendule olusemthethweni ukuze ikheli umamukeli - umuntu osemthethweni noma yemvelo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, ngenxa iphepha eze ngesikhathi lapho umemukeli sithunyelwa. Lokhu kutshela Article 165,1. imiyalezo Ngokomthetho abalulekile akukwazi ukusungulwa, ngaphandle kokuba ziye ngokusemthethweni udilivwe kumamukeli.

Kusukela ezisebenza endaweni imithetho yezwe lethu lisho ukuthi counterparty unelungelo ukugwema kokuthola sokuhamba ezinjalo. Uma isimo yenzeka ngendlela yokuthi umamukeli enqaba ukwamukela idokhumenti noma itholakala ikheli elahlukile ngokuphelele, khona-ke engena amandla GC indlela, ngokomthetho eqaphela imilayezo ebalulekile ilethwa.

Futhi umkhuba?

Isebenza ngendlela elandelayo: Okuzenzakalelayo kukholelwa kanjalo ngokuvamile, uma ekhelini lithole ekuphathweni. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba umthumeli esimweni ukungqubuzana ziye zabhala iqiniso lokuthi lwamakheli senziwa. Kulokhu, elinye iqembu ukunqoba impikiswano ngeke azame ukuveza ukuthi imibhalo ekhululwa, kanti eyesibili kuyoba ukugcizelela okuphambene.

Futhi njalo kunobungozi imiyalezo non-ngokusemthethweni abalulekile ngisho nalapho izinhlangothi ezimbili kuthengiselana ngeke kube okushayisanayo. indima yayo ingafeza bomshayeli ukulahlekelwa amaphepha noma izingqinamba akhethiwe ukulethwa indlela.

Nakani!

Of imithetho ekhona kufanele kube ukuthi ungakwazi ngokukhululekile sisebenzisa izindlela electronic zokuxhumana, azikho imikhawulo lokhu eziphoqelelwe. Ngaphandle-e-mail, ungasebenzisa imiyalezo efonini yakho ephathekayo, imilayezo ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi, futhi ifeksi.

Esigabeni 65th izimiso kule nombolo 25, esenziwa ngo-2015, inkantolo ephakeme kunazo zonke iye yaqinisekisa ngokusemthethweni ukuthi ukulethwa imilayezo ngokomthetho abalulekile nge e-mail, ngefeksi, zomthetho, zomthetho, ingabe akuphikisani iyiphi imithetho.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo umkhuba umthetho uzazi izibonelo eziningi kuze 2015, lapho abahluleli luthole ukuthi le email yokuthola imiyalezo ngokomthetho abalulekile futhi le ndlela kwanela.

Futhi siyabona ukuthi kuyikho

Lokho yonke wayengavunule ehlotshisiwe kahle, hhayi kuphela kudingeka babhalise kahle bese uthumela idokhumenti umamukeli. Ehlangothini lwesibili isimo kufanele ukuthole ngokomthetho lesifanele. Lokhu kuhilela kulondolozwe zonke imiyalezo etholiwe, kungakhathaliseki kwindlela bafika.

Umsebenzi umthumeli - ugcine imibhalo kusuka kulo kulandela ukuthi ekuphathweni kwenziwe. Uma ungathola idokhumenti ngemvume, sisho ukuthi kuze kube isandla yesibili ifinyelele umlayezo ngokomthetho okunenjongo, kubalulekile ukuze awuvikele. Uma kukhona uphawu leposi ngaphetha, ngabatshela ukuthi isethulo akunakwenzeka ke nabo singalazisa zomlando inkampani uma kwenzeka isimo ingxabano. Enkantolo, isebenze njengofakazi ubufakazi esivuna umthumeli.

Ikhona yini enye indlela kanjani?

Ngokomthetho zokuxhumana abalulekile uthathwa zinikelwe nangabe isiphathiswa wakwazi ukuthola inkontileka imidwebo noma abantu uqaphele kumadokhumenti engenayo.

Uma kungekho ubufakazi ukulethwa awuzange wathola idokhumenti, kungenzeka isimo ingxabano. Simelela Esimweni esinjalo, omunye ngokuqinile ithumela incwadi yesibili lapho ucela ukuhlela inetha. Umamukeli engathandi ukwamukela idokhumenti, akusho wammisela ingxenye, futhi mhlawumbe umamukeli nje ukhohlwe ukuhlola olusemthethweni yokubhalisa usuku kwezidingo. Ngenxa yalokho, ekhelini iphepha unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa okudinga consignor ukukhokha izikweletu kanye nokuhlawuliswa.

Ngokusobala - isibonelo

Cabanga ukuthi kukhona izinkampani ezimbili - A no B. Bebelokhu enza ibhizinisi ndawonye, kodwa manje kukhona isimo ukuthi Inkampani A ukweleta inkampani B isamba eside ngenxa yemisebenzi ababeyenzile ngokuphelele. Ake sithi inani isikweletu ayizinkulungwane 250.

Ngaphambi inkampani B unesibophezelo akhokhe inkampani A izimpahla amazwe ngokuphelele. Isamba nalezi zikweletu - 155 ayizinkulungwane. Mhlawumbe ukuze offset izikweletu komunye nomunye. Inkampani nentshisekelo lendlela ukubala, ukuthumela ikheli missive inkampani B. Imibhalo iyawakha emnyangweni ezimali, wanikezwa kumaphoyisa courier futhi wathunyelwa endlunkulu ye B. inkampani Ngo samuntu encomekayo, i-counterparty uthola iphepha bese ubeka isignesha yakhe irisidi. Amarekhodi ezimali ukuthengiselana ekulandiseni 60 (debit), 62 (imali-mboleko).

Rainbow: iyona rainbow?

I simo kuchaziwe - emihle kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Esimweni okuzenzakalelayo imiyalezo ngokomthetho abalulekile, imiphumela ngokomthetho lo mklomelo kanje. ukuxhumana okunjalo kungenzeka ukuvumelana ezihlukahlukene ubudlelwano ibhizinisi. Ivunyelwe ukusetha zokukhokha ethize imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.

Ikhona yini enye indlela kwenzeka?

Cabanga okuthunyelwe ngokomthetho olufanele usesimweni esinjalo: kukhona amafemu A no-B, ukubambisana njengomkhaya kulandela - omunye Inhlangano inikeza nezinye izinto zokusebenza ebolekiswe. Ake sithi umuntu othile eyisakhamuzi - B inkampani, kanye umninindlu - A. ngokuqinile abaphathi A Inkampani wanquma ukuthi kwase kuyisikhathi ukushintsha izinga sokuqasha - isidingo ukukhulisa amanani, noma umsebenzi inhlangano engokomthetho kuba ezingenanzuzo. Kulokhu, lesi sivumelwano isiboshwa phakathi izinkampani ivumela ukushintsha yerenti uma ufuna omunye amaqembu.

Inkontileka iqukethe ukwaziswa isaziso ukukhuphuka iqashwe kufanele sibhekiswe ehambisa by umqashi kanye amazinga ezintsha zisebenze kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lwenyanga ezayo emva kusungulwa ezintsha. Kulokhu, izinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo, uyeza emva eyodwa lapho eyisakhamuzi ngemvume ukuze kokuthola umyalezo.

Futhi kwenzekani?

Kulesi simo, isilingo iphendukele ekwakhiweni ezilandelayo: ukwehluleka ukuthola imiyalezo ngokomthetho abalulekile. Uma sikubeka kalula, ungangeni wenhlamvu, okhuluma ukukhuphuka yerenti, ukuzenza ukuthi yayingazange, bese uqhubeke ukukhokha izimo ezifanayo.

Kulesi simo, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi yikuphi okuthunyelwe ngokomthetho okuphawulekayo komthetho we-civil ezibhekwa izonikelwa ngokwakhona. Okungukuthi, eyisakhamuzi kuyodingeka ukufakazela enkantolo ukuthi ngempela abazange bathole isaziso. Uma ungenalo kuphumelele, kuyodingeka ukhokhe izikweletu, ukuze ukwazi ukumkhokhela izimali zomthetho bamboza isithakazelo ngenxa izikweletu.

Imithetho, imithetho, imiyalo

Umthetho, olusha ngowezi-2015 maqondana okuthunyelwe ngokomthetho olufanele komthetho we-civil, kwaba abantu zomthetho futhi zemvelo eseyintsha. Ngaphambi okunje akazange ukuthola e imithetho yalelo lizwe. Ukuze abameli eziningi, osomabhizinisi kuyinsakavukela uvele okungacacile, futhi ukusebenza kwawo kwakubangelwa ubunzima obukhulu - kwadingeka ukuba kabusha umbono wabo yokuxhumana esemthethweni nosonkontileka.

umkhuba Legal ebonisa ukuthi emisha kwadingeka inzuzo yebhizinisi ngempela, njengoba kukhona ukungezwani ambalwa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ushintsho imithetho wokubambisana esikhathini esidlule zaholela ezingxabanweni phakathi kwezinhlangano ukuphothula isivumelwano, kodwa izinkinga abaningi babe ngenxa yokuthi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi eyenziwa ngokomthetho. Manje omunye izinyathelo ngokushintsha kwezimo - umbiko umhlanganyeli yesibili kule kuthengiselana, ukuthi owokuqala ufuna ukushintsha isivumelwano - iye ngokucace kakhudlwana lelipelwe emthethweni.

Ingabe konke kulungile?

Naphezu ukwethulwa kwezinkambiso kwemithetho ukuthi avunyelwe razrulit eziningi ezimweni ingxabano, futhi manje kukhona izingxabano eziningi eziphathelene imiyalezo ngokomthetho abalulekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umtsetfo lokhona ayiqukethe magama ngqo njengoba lapho indlela isaziso kufanele kubhekwe kahle e kuphakama izimo nemiphumela yezomthetho.

Ngesikhathi izmhiaka uyalingwa ukusizakala ukungapheleli imithetho, ukuvikela inzalo yayo esimweni ingxabano. Ezimweni eziningi, ukusiza iza wokuqulwa kwamacala ezinkantolo, uma kakade kwadingeka izibonelo ezifanayo (ezifana izaziso nge e-mail), ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuze ancike ingqondo. Kunoma ikuphi, amazinga okusadingeka ukuba ngcono, okwenzeka ku isicelo komthetho okhona.

Ukuthengiselana, izinkontileka kanye nemibiko

Ngokomthetho umyalezo obalulekile kubalulekile lapho izinkampani A no B ziye wabambisana isikhathi esithile, ukuthi izivumelwano engashintshi, kodwa ngasizathu simbe omunye amaqembu yanquma ukushintsha izimo. Code Civil kufanele kube, ake sithi ukuthi ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nalo kancane noma ngokugcwele ifakwe inkontileka. Lokhu kuholela sivumelwano ukuqedwa, kwenzekani ngokomthetho, uma ukukhulumisana ezifanele wathunyelwa senqabe agcwalise isibopho sawo.

Njengoba nje enye amaqembu sithumela umyalezo okunenjongo ngokomthetho, singakhuluma mayelana nesivumelwano ukunqanyulwa. Alternative - ukuchibiyela. Buqala isinyathelo has kusukela umyalezo ngokomthetho okunenjongo efika uya khona.

Futhi uma iphutha?

Okwamanje amahloni kakhulu - kuba uma omunye phakathi kwenu uthumele umlayezo ukushintsha isivumelwano, kanti eyesibili abakutholanga ke, hhayi ngoba engafuni, hhayi ngoba wayecashile iqiniso eyamukelayo hhayi ngempela elibanzi wathola ulwazi. Ayikho eziyinkinga kancane futhi isimo lapho mlayezo udilivwe kumamukeli, kodwa umamukeli ababejwayelene naye ngemva kweminyaka eminingi kwabhalwa ingase oyifunayo.

izimo ezinjalo ezihlobene ne ezihlukahlukene izingxabano ngendaba kanjani isivumelwano inqanyulwa uma futhi ngasiphi iphuzu kwenzeka. Abanye bayangabaza ukuthi isivumelwano kwanele ukuthi omunye amaqembu sinqatshwe liphelele noma liyingxenye ukugcwalisa isivumelwano. Futhi impikiswano yisikhathi we admissibility yesivumelwano ezilandelayo: sokuba acabangele ukuthi usuku yesivumelwano ukuchibiyela noma usuku incwadi by ngosuku olufanayo irisidi, usuku ufunda ulwazi ekhelini? Yiqiniso, imithetho olusha abadonsekela phezulu ngendlela ukunciphisa amaphuzu umbango, kodwa ukundlula ngokuphelele simo esibucayi kuhlulekile.

umyalezo Legal okunenjongo: hhayi kuphela ibhizinisi

Phela, lolu hlobo ulwazi kungenzeka sibhekane nabo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Yini ephathelene? Cabanga ukuthi isakhamuzi has a esigxotsheni ingcebo futhi ufuna ukuthengisa it. Ukuthi inqubo waya ngokomthetho, wayeyoba ukubeka abanye abahlanganyeli unolwazi kuthengiselana okuhleliwe. Nazo ngokufanayo, kumele avumelane ngokuthi ukuthengiswa kwempahla nomuntu engingamazi. Umdayisi ngokushesha wenze ulwazi umphakathi mayelana ntengo, ngokweyame kunoma yiziphi izimiso ehlelelwe ukudayiswa.

Abanye abanikazi into, ukuba amasheya abo abhekwa abanentshisekelo kuthengiselana. Okokuqala, kumelwe uphonse ithawula yokufuna izingxenye ithengiswe, kuphela ngaleso sikhathi kuyoba yinto engenzeka ukuthi sisebenzisane wesithathu. Ingabe abathintekayo abe ngenyanga ukuveza imibono yabo. Uma ithengiswe share emuzini siqu, khona-ke kufanele wenze isinqumo zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-10 kusukela ngosuku isaziso. Uma omunye alibonisi isinyathelo, umdayisi is iboshelwe kumthengi kusuka ngaphandle ilungelo behlise amanani. Emini isaziso ukuthi ngalo isaziso wanikezwa kumaphoyisa abanikazi. Usuku okwenziwe amalungelo ukuze usebenze - kuyokwenzeka ngokushesha nje lapho lomthetho sikhathi.

Akusho wabuye wehla na?

Isivumelwano kuthengiselana, kwakusalandelwa isiko Ungakwazi ichaze mzuzu ngqo ukungena izimo ezintsha wokubambisana. Isibonelo ngenhla: kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lwenyanga kulandela omunye uma umlayezo ngokomthetho abalulekile wakhululwa.

Uma nakuphathwa ezinjalo, umthetho ubheka ukuthi inkathi eqala ukusebenzisa kusukela esikhathini lapho ekhelini lithole ulwazi. ezithakazelisayo Ikakhulukazi kulesi sici, isigaba sesibili le ndima lokuqala Article 165 Code Civil, othi ngisho zilethwe umlayezo othunyelwe umamukeli, kodwa hhayi wamnikela ngenxa yezizathu esizimele umthumeli. Futhi, umthumeli akuyena obangela kokubuyekeza okuqukethwe umyalezo. Umsebenzi umthumeli - ukuthumela idokhumenti ngesikhathi futhi ube ubufakazi obubhalwe leli qiniso. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuxazulula lesi simo ingxabano, ukuthi ilitshe kuphambuka kusukela ekutholeni ukwaziswa, enethemba ukunweba ukubambisana on ngaphansi kwezimo ezimvunayo.

uma kwenzeka kakhulu

Lesi simo ezingavamile, kodwa kwenzeka, omunye amaqembu inkontileka kusengaphambili ukuthatha izinyathelo ngokomthetho imilayezo ebalulekile kuso awufiki, lokhu kunikeza ulwazi olungalungile mayelana ikheli ukuxhumana. Ngaphambili, a "iqhinga" enjalo isebenza, kodwa olusha Civil Code esimweni esinjalo, umthwalo wemfanelo nomamukeli. Uma umthumeli ithumele idatha futhi liqinisekisa lokhu, kufanele wenzenjani uma kunesimo ingxabano, inkantolo kuyoba ohlangothini lwakhe.

Sisebenza ngokuzimisela nezakhamuzi

umthetho Kubuyekeziwe kuhlanganisa imithetho emisha mayelana ikheli yokuhlala isakhamuzi esithile. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu unelungelo wazise zonke izinhlangano ngawo imisebenzi ukubhekana yokubhalisa hhayi kuphela kodwa futhi zesikhashana. Lokhu kungaba abakweletwayo kanye nabanye abanentshisekelo. Ake sithi umuntu ezindlini ezimbili, bhalisiwe e eyodwa, kodwa uhlala kwelinye.

Ukuze isiqondiso sokubhalisa ngokomthetho abalulekile ulwazi ngokuvamile ahlinzeke ikheli lokuhlala, kunokuba yokuhlala yesikhashana, kodwa isiqondiso isimo ulwazi ezingase ziphakame ukuze abantu ngeke bakubone isikhathi ushintsho isaziso ngokwemigomo nokubambisana. Esikhathini esizayo, uma ukuqulwa kwecala ubheke yokuthi ulwazi nje "akazange abone" ngeke isebenze, ngisho nangaphambi amaqhinga anjalo futhi wasebenza. Uma umthumeli uthunyelwa ngomunye ulwazi asinikezwa ikheli, kubhekwa ukuthi umamukeli liyaziswa futhi imiphumela zenzeka.