Fort fort (Kaliningrad): incazelo, isithombe, umlando wokwakha

Inombolo ye-Fort (Kaliningrad) iyisikhumbuzo esibalulekile sokwakhiwa kwezokuvikela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinkimbinkimbi eyaziwayo yezempi yedolobha. Ngo-1878, emaphethelweni asenyakatho-entshonalanga, isiphephelo esinamandla - inqaba yesihlanu yakhula. I-Kaliningrad engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-XIX, elizungezwe izindandatho ezimbili zezakhiwo zokuzivikela, zenza umuzi ube yinqaba yangempela.

Umlando we-Konigsberg Fortress Belt

Idolobha laseKoenigsberg lasendulo emfuleni weMfula i-Pregoli lakhiwa okokuqala njengeqhawe futhi lagcina lesi simo kuze kube sekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe yesibili. Kakade phakathi kwekhulu le-XIII izakhiwo zokuqala zavela lapha . Amapulangwe asebusika, izisekelo, izindonga ezinamandla namasosha ezempi - konke lokhu kuhambisane neKaliningrad cishe yonke yomlando wayo. Esinye sezikhumbuzo ezidume kakhulu futhi eziyigugu zakhiwo zokuzivikela zasemadolobheni yi-Fort 5.

UKaliningrad ucabange ngokungathí sina ngokudala ibhande eliqhubekayo emaphethelweni ekhulwini le-XIX leminyaka, lapho kuvela khona izikhali. Bakhelwe endaweni ethile ukusuka komunye nomunye, becabangela ububanzi bezinqola zomlilo. Zonke izinqaba ezingu-15 zazixhunywe ngomgwaqo owodwa wamakhilomitha angu-43.

Maye, lezi zikhali zathuthukisiwe futhi zathuthukiswa ngaleso sikhathi ngokushesha kunokuba izakhiwo zaseKoenigsberg zakhiwe. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, baqala ukuphelelwa ithemba. Impi Yezwe Yokuqala yanqoba izindonga zomuzi, kuhlanganise nenqaba yesihlanu. I-Kaliningrad eMpini Yezwe Yesibili yakwazi ukubamba ukuhlaselwa kwamabutho aseSoviet ngezinsuku ezine kuphela, naphezu komkhankaso omkhulu "mayelana namandla angenakuqothulwa ezinqabeni zaseKoenigsberg", wafaka usuku olulandelayo emshinini weHitlerite.

Ngakho-ke, ngo-Ephreli 1945, umlando wamadokodo emadolobheni njengezikhungo zobunjiniyela, empeleni, waphela.

Fort 5, Kaliningrad: umlando wokwakhiwa nokusebenza

Lesi sakhiwo sakhiwe phakathi neminyaka 1872-1878 eduze nendawo yokuhlala yokuhlala eCharlottenburg. Manje itholakala ehlathini, ekupheleni kwe-Soviet avenue.

"INkosi Frederick William III" - ngakho ngo-1894, baqamba inqaba yesihlanu. I-Kaliningrad (bese kuthi namanje idolobha laseKönigsberg) ngaphansi kobuholi bale nkosi yasePrussia yazivikela emabutho aseNapoleon.

I-fort yayingeyona impi futhi imfihlo. Ngezinye amahora nezinsuku ezithile kwavunyelwa ukuvakashela izakhamizi ezivamile. Futhi ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili leminyaka, lasetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze kuqaliswe amakholomu emikhosi.

Entwasahlobo ka-1945, i-Fort No. 5 yabhekana nokushaya okukhulu kwe-Soviet Army yama-43 futhi yaba nokuphikisana okukhulu. Ukuvimbezelwa kwahlala izinsuku ezine. Isiphephelo sasiqhutshelwa ekugcineni futhi sawa ngenkathi ukulwa okunzima kwakusesekuqaleni kwedolobha. Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa, i-Fort No. 5 yayonakaliswe kabi.

I-Fort 5 (Kaliningrad): isithombe, incazelo nesimo sobuciko

Ukuqiniswa kudonselwa yingxenye yayo yangaphambili enyakatho-ntshonalanga. Lesi isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele se-hexagonal esenziwe ngezitini ezibomvu, esihlanganiswe ngamandla amakhulu nangokwakheka khonkolo. Ubude bayo buyizingalo eziyi-215, ububanzi - 105 m. Buzungezwe ngogesi ngamanzi, isakhiwo somhlabathi kanye nodonga oluqinile.

Isakhiwo sasizungezwe ngokucophelela yizimila. Esigodini sesibhakabhaka kukhona izintambo kanye namaphuzu okudubula izibhamu ezihlukahlukene. Ngomuzi i-fort yayixhunywe ibhuloho, izindlela ezagubungela ibhokisi lepilisi lekhonkrithi (eligcinwe efomini elidabukile kuze kube namuhla).

Fort "iNkosi Friedrich Wilhelm III" namuhla kuthathwa njengento yefa lemasiko eRussia. Inqaba iyigatsha lesigodi sezomlando nezamasiko, lapha ungabona izithombe ezingavamile zempi. Le nsimu iqhutshelwa kabusha kabusha emlandweni, igcizelela izenzakalo zokuhlaselwa koKoenigsberg ngo-1945.

Eduze enqaba kunesakhiwo esiyisikhumbuzo esinikezelwe amasosha aseSoviet abulawa ngesikhathi evinjezelwe. Esigodini sobumba kufakwe izibhamu, i-torpedoes, amabhomu kanye nezinye izinto, futhi eduze nebhokisi lepilisi ungabona isikhumbuzo ngamagama amasosha ayishumi nanhlanu (amaqhawe ase-USSR) abambe iqhaza ekuqothulweni kwenqabeni.

Ekuphetheni ...

Ngidinga ukuvakashela inqaba yesihlanu? I-Kaliningrad idolobha elinomlando ocebile nocebile. Futhi ungathola ngamanye amakhasi akhe lapha, ensimini ye Fort Fort "King Friedrich Wilhelm III".

Eduze endaweni enamandla ungabona umbukiso wesibhamu esinamandla saseSoviet. Ngaphakathi nenqaba ngokwayo uzotshelwa ngomlando wokudalwa kwezakhiwo ezizivikelo zeKoenigsberg-Kaliningrad.

Izakhiwo ze-museum zivulekile nsuku zonke kusukela ngo-10 kuya ku-20-00.