Amanzi esindayo, ukulungiselela yayo kanye nezimpahla

Esikhathini esidlule, abantu abazange cabanga ukuthi amanzi futhi zivelaphi yayo. Kwabonakala ukuthi lesi sici, kodwa manje siyazi ukuthi ekhuthaza kwamakhemikhali.

Ngo-1932 umhlaba wonke sase sisakazekele izindaba ukuthi iplanethi ewuMhlaba kuyinto kodwa elula, kukhona amanzi esindayo. Manje vele sesiyazi ukuthi kungaba 135 IKhompyuthaYami izinhlobo.

isakhiwo

amanzi esindayo, olubizwa nangokuthi deuterium oxide, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali lihlukile ezivamile elula kodwa kunalokho zama-athomu ye-hydrogen eziqukethwe amanzi, iqukethe IKhompyuthaYami ezimbili esindayo hydrogen, okuthiwa deuterium. amanzi Heavy we 2H2O ifomula noma D2O. Ngaphandle azikho umehluko phakathi ketshezi ezisindayo futhi elula, kodwa kuhluke nezici zabo.

Ukusabela Chemical heavy amanzi notshwala babuthakathaka kunokujwayelekile.

amanzi Heavy kancane anobuthi. ucwaningo Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi esikhundleni sama-athomu ye-hydrogen ngu deuterium wamaphaphu ngo-25%, kubangela ukungazali ezilwaneni. Uma okunye ukwandisa okuqukethwe yayo emanzini, isilwane sifa. Nokho, ezinye izinto eziphilayo ukuphila ngisho u-70% deuterium (Paramecium caudatum). Umuntu ngaphandle kwemiphumela impilo ziphuze cishe ingilazi ketshezi. Kulesi deuterium excreted kusukela umzimba ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

amanzi Heavy has impahla ukuqongelela e electrolyte ibhalansi, uma kwenziwe esebenza electrolysis amanzi. It ubamba pair of uketshezi elula ngaphandle, ie kuba hygroscopic.

Omunye izakhiwo ebaluleke kakhulu lolu hlobo amanzi ukuthi cishe ayikwazi ukudonsa neutrons, futhi lokhu kuvumela lisetshenziswe Kuneziteshi zamandla enuzi ukubambezela yonke inqubo neutron nama-chemistry isetshenziswa njengendlela Tracer.

amanzi esindayo, reception

Eminyakeni 1933-1946 wayengumuntu indlela kuphela electrolysis nokunonophala. Kamuva baningi ubuchwepheshe eziphambili. Contemporary ekukhiqizweni isetshenziswa ketshezi ekusakazeni okokufaka distilled kusuka electrolyte, okuqukethwe therein 0.1-0.2% amanzi esindayo.

Isinyathelo sokuqala osebenza ezimbili-lokushisa lokuhlushwa ubuchwepheshe hydrosulphuric IKhompyuthaYami sokufudumeza exchange, okuhlushwa lapho uphuma khona amanzi esindayo kuyinto 5-10%. Eyesibili isinyathelo - le-electrolysis wendlale yesixazululo ane-alikhali at zero lokushisa, lokuhlushwa emfantwini - 99,75-99,995%.

ososayensi Russian ubuchwepheshe nokuphathelene zokukhiqiza ukuhlanzwa amanzi esindayo zenzelwe. Ngo-1995, lesi sakhiwo, okuyinto has a ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu, wafakwa operation commercial. Ukukhiqizwa nhlobo nezidingo amanzi esindayo, noma ngabe lungakanani, futhi likuvumela ukuthi ukukhiphe phesheya.

isicelo

amanzi Heavy isetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene izinqubo yezinto eziphilayo futhi amakhemikhali. Ososayensi sinqume ukuthi uketshezi kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa amagciwane, isikhunta, ulwelwe, futhi uma iqukethe 50% deuterium ke ozuza izakhiwo antimutagenic, ikhuthaza ukukhula mass yemvelo nokusheshisa zokuthomba kubantu.

ososayensi European olwenziwa ukulinga amagundane nomdlavuza. amanzi Heavy libhujiswa isifo nabathwali yayo. Kuye kwatholakala ukuthi amanzi ezifana kubi kakhulu ezimileni nasezilwaneni. Esikhathini zokuhlola, okuyinto bazithela amanzi esindayo, izinso kwabhujiswa uphatheke kabi umzimba. Ngezinye ebulilini izilwane amanzi wafa. Lapho esincane (kufika ku-25%), izilwane yazuza isisindo futhi waletha udaba ezinhle, futhi lenyuka production amaqanda ezinkukhwini.

Umbuzo ka kwenzekani uma ngokuphelele ukuqeda deuterium, namanje evulekile.

Ukuqhathaniswa izakhiwo ukukhanya namanzi esindayo

Impendulo yombuzo mayelana nomehluko phakathi ukukhanya yemvelo futhi uketshezi esindayo incike kumuntu wabelwa.

izakhiwo Chemical phakathi kwawo kukhona cishe mehluko. In ngamunye kubo ngokulinganayo inike i-sodium ne-hydrogen ngu-electrolysis, futhi yena nabanye amanzi ngokulinganayo okonakele, impahla yabo zamakhemikhali ziyafana, kakhulu, ngoba babe ukwakheka efanayo.

Izakhiwo lezi iziphuzo ezahlukene: abilayo iphuzu umnkantsha kubo ngaleso ukungalingani, njengoba beye benza kwabantu ezahlukene futhi ingcindezi ububi ngentukuthelo. amanzi esindayo futhi ukukhanya kukhona ukubola ngu-electrolysis aphenduka ngejubane elingafani.

Ngokombono begazi umbono - ngempela udaba eziyinkimbinkimbi, kukhona usadinga ukusebenza.