Amakhemikhali angcolise imvelo nasemiphumeleni yaso

Ngaphansi ukungcoliswa kwemvelo ziqondwa ukwethulwa izinto babezizwe abaphakathi nobuntu ezimweni ezijwayelekile, kanye ngokweqile emakamu evamile ye-ejenti zamakhemikhali. Okwamanje, nokungcoliswa imvelo kuyinkinga embulungeni yonke, okuyinto iminyaka eminingi ngisho namashumi eminyaka bezama ukuzixazululela wonke amazwe athuthukile. Ngeshwa, okuqhubekayo e ngesilinganiso intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, ukucutshungulwa amaminerali, walondoloza udumo steel umkhakha, ukunwetshwa emadolobheni nezinye izinto zomuntu babhebhethekisa kuphela nomthelela omubi impucuko womuntu on izilwane zasendle.

definition

Izinhlobo ukungcola zivame zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu eziningana ngokusho uhlobo ukuchayeka: ngokomzimba, biogenic, izindaba kanye nabanye abaningi. Kodwa wemiphumela yingozi kakhulu futhi elimazayo zezinto eziphilayo nithela kubhekwa amakhemikhali imvelo. Ngaphansi le ncazelo isho noma yiluphi okuvela amakhemikhali ezindaweni ayenzelwanga kubo. Manje kusobala ukuthi imiphumela yethonya oqondile yomuntu imvelo yakhe kuwo wonke umlando ophambene. Futhi emigceni wokuqala kulolu hlu kufanele kube nohlobo ukungcoliswa amakhemikhali.

Imithombo yokungcola

Imiphumela yethonya yabantu kubonakala hhayi kuphela isimo imvelo, kodwa futhi kithi. Ngokuvamile chemical emzimbeni futhi yandiswa therein abe imbangela ubuthi sina, lola futhi babhebhethekisa isifo esingelapheki ekhona. Futhi liye kungase kutholakale ukuthi eside nemiphumela chemical (ngisho emakamu low) has eziphilayo imiphumela mutagenic futhi umdlavuza yingozi.

umphumela Fundzisisa anobuthi angase abe izinsimbi ezisindayo: eyingozi itholakala iqiniso lokuthi cishe aphume emzimbeni. Izinto ezinjalo kungaba buthelela izicubu izitshalo, okuyizinto izilwane ke ukudla. Kodwa phezu lolu chungechunge Kungenzeka ube yindoda. Lesi sakamuva, ngakho-ke, ugijima ingozi Kungenzeka ukuthi ukuphathwa esiphezulu la imiphumela emibi umthelela ubuthi emzimbeni.

Okunye izidakamizwa eliyingozi elibangela nokungcoliswa imvelo, kuba dioxins, okuyinto ngobuningi phakathi ukukhiqizwa cellulose steel umkhakha imikhiqizo. Lokhu kufanele ungeze le qeda amagesi imishini ezisebenza yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini. Dioxins ayingozi kubantu nasezilwaneni. Ngisho ngesilinganiso esincane, bangase umonakalo omzimba, izinso kanye esibindini.

Okwamanje isavela ezintsha zokwenziwa compounds kanye izinto. Futhi sikulindele ngemiphumela umthelela kwabo okulimazayo ku imvelo cishe kungenakwenzeka. Futhi, ingasaphathwa imisebenzi womuntu wezolimo emazweni amaningi, ifinyelela ezifana amanani okukhulu ukungcolisa nemvelo ukuthi kuphakamisa ngokushesha kunokuba wonke umkhakha esindayo ndawonye.

Indlela yokuvikela imvelo kusukela imiphumela emibi?

Izinyathelo main ngokumelene lezi izinqubo kumele zibalwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: control esiqinile phezu isizukulwane imfucumfucu kanye nokusetshenziswa yabo okwalandela, ngcono ubuchwepheshe ukuletha them closer imodeli imfucuza-free, okwandisa jikelele izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi linokwethenjelwa. A indima enkulu udlalwa ngu izinyathelo, njengoba kulokhu kuba lula kakhulu ukuvimbela inkinga kuka ukubhekana nemiphumela yaso.

isiphetho

Ngokusobala, ukuthi kukude izinsuku lapho ithonya zethu imvelo ngisho ukuyeka njalo zaba zimbi, ingasaphathwa ukunciphisa abalulekile umonakalo. Le nkinga kumele zithunyelwe kuleli zinga, imizamo yabo bonke abakhileyo bomhlaba, kunokuba lamazwe ngamanye. Ikakhulukazi ukuthi izinyathelo zokuqala ukuba kakade wenza emashumini eminyaka adlule. Ngakho, ngo-ngeminyaka yoma, ososayensi lokuqala eshicilelwe ulwazi ukubhujiswa ungqimba lwe-ozone. Kwatholakala ukuthi amathini aerosol nomoya isimo imithombo kwekhabhoni ku imvelo chlorine athomu. Kugcine, ukuthola emkhathini, ukuxubana lwe-ozone alibulale. Lolu lwazi utshelwa emazweni amaningi ukuze bavumelane ukunciphisa mutual inani ukukhiqizwa enobungozi.