Ama-stereotypes amaRussia namaRashiya. Ibhere elinabhalaika. IsiRashiya Matryoshka

Izethulo ezijwayelekile zijwayelekile ekuboneni kwethu umhlaba osizungezile. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwethu sithatha futhi sisakaze izinkolelo eziningi mayelana nesimo kanye nomsuka esingacabangi ngaso. Lokhu kuhlobene kakhulu nokubona kwabantu bezinye izizwe kanye nabo ngokwabo uma kuqhathaniswa nabo. Sizokutshela mayelana nezinkolelo eziyinhloko mayelana neRussia phakathi kwabameleli bezinye izizwe, lapho bevela khona nokuthi kungani befana nalokho.

Umqondo wezinkohliso

Sonke sifinyelela njalo ezimweni ezijwayelekile, ezifanayo futhi siziphatha kuzo cishe ngokulinganayo. Ngesizathu salokhu, kwenziwa ama-stereotypes, okuwukuthi, izethulo zeqembu jikelele mayelana nesifundo esithile, isenzakalo, umuntu, ama-ethnos. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi bangokwemvelo ekuboniseni kwabo, futhi abalawulwa yizinkohlakalo, kodwa akunjalo neze. Ososayensi bathi kuze kube yizingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zokuziphatha kwethu kungenxa yalezi zinhloso ezijwayelekile.

Isibonelo sendlela elula, ejwayelekile yokuziphatha esimweni esiphindaphindiwe. Lo mfanekiso umphumela wokuhlangenwe nakho kweqembu labantu. Kunezinhlobo zomphakathi, ezomsebenzi, ezithandweni zomndeni. Basikhiqiza ngokuphelele, futhi ngokuvamile kunzima ukuqaphela indima yabo ehola empilweni yethu. Ukuziqhenya kwezinto ezingabonakali ukuqina kwazo, akuzona izinkolelo noma imibono engashintshwa ngokuthola ulwazi olusha. Lezi zinhlobo zineziphakamiso zezizukulwane eziningana zabantu, ziqondiswe emlandweni nasenkulumweni yabantu noma iqembu. Kodwa-ke, basakwazi ukulungiswa ukulungiswa nokuphathwa, futhi sizobona ukuthi ngubani nokuthi kanjani. Ama-stereotypes ahlanganisa zonke izici zokuphila kwethu: ukuphila, ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu namaqembu ahlukene, isimo sengqondo ezintweni, umsebenzi, ngokwakho. Ngakho-ke, ukuphazamiseka okuphathelene neRussia, ezithwala izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe, umbono wezinto eziningi zokuphila, umlingiswa kazwelonke, inhlangano yokuphila ezweni lethu. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ama-stereotypes ahlale ewuhlelo kuphela, umbono obulula we-phenomenon. Ngokuvamile zihlotshaniswa nezimpawu ezithile, ngakho-ke kulula ukuzikhumbula nokuzikhiqiza.

Imisebenzi yezinkohlakalo

Esikhathini sengqondo yomuntu, akukho lutho oluyingozi noma olungasebenzi. Ama-stereotypes enza imisebenzi eminingi, futhi ayadingeka ngempela kithi. Imvelaphi yalesi simo ihlotshaniswa nesifiso somzimba ukusindisa izinsiza. Ukucabanga kwethu kuyinkqubo ebiza izindleko, ngakho-ke i-psyche iveza izindlela zokugcina izinsiza. Ama-stereotypes akuvumela ukuba usebenze izinhlelo zokuziphatha ezimweni ezijwayelekile ngaphandle kokuxhuma ukuhlaziya nokucabanga. Akudingeki sicabange ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi yisiphi isigaba sokufaka lokhu noma lokho. Sivele sinempendulo esilungile kanye nesenzo sokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, ukuphazamiseka ngeRussia kuyisibonelo somqondo wabantu bezinye izizwe ngathi. Kulokhu, lo mbono, njenganoma imuphi umodeli, unciphisa futhi uhlela isenzo.

Futhi, ama-stereotypes enza imisebenzi enjengokuzibandakanya kanye nokuhlanganiswa eqenjini. Kubalulekile ukwabelana ngemibono evamile, ukuze umphakathi womphakathi uthathe umuntu "owakhe". Ama-stereotypes agcwalisa umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle wokuhlukaniswa kwamaphakathi, siza abantu ukuba babone amalungu eqembu labo futhi abangabazi. Zibuye zihlobo lwezinkolelo zeqembu, zisekela izindinganiso zalo. Ama-stereotypes asiza ukukhetha ulwazi lwezenhlalo futhi lula inkambo yenqubo yokuqonda. Yilokho okungahle kwenzeke khona ngeRussia emsebenzini waseWest, basiza umuntu wezizwe ngokushesha ukuthi aqonde ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwabo nathi. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-stereotypes ayindlela yokulawulwa kwezenhlalakahle, azisiza ukuhlanganisa abantu, isibonelo, ngaphakathi kombuso, ephikisana nemibono yabo emazweni angaphandle.

Ukwakhiwa kwama-stereotypes

Ngokomlando, ukuphazamiseka kuyindlela ehlelekile yokuziphatha ezimweni eziphindaphindiwe. Zakhiwa ekuziphatheni komuntu, zizinzile ekuziphatheni nasememori. Amamodeli aphumelelayo akhuliswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi athola ifufa. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, isimo sokuthi owesifazane ulandela ukuhlanzeka kwendlu sekuguquke ngaphezu kwamakhulu eminyaka empilweni yansuku zonke yabantu futhi namuhla akekho onomqondo. Ikhwalithi yabesifazane njengama-mistress ihlulelwa ngokuhlanzeka endlini yakhe, kodwa akekho ozosebenzisa isimiso esifanayo kumuntu. Imibono yobuhlanga ngabantu ngabanye kanye nabanye abantu nayo yakhiwa. Ama-stereotypes amaRussia akhawa ngenxa yendawo eyayinamakhulu eminyaka abemi baseYurophu. Futhi njengoba abaseYurophu bevame ukufuna ukunqoba iRussia, futhi abantu bendawo bekunqabe lokhu, izakhamuzi zezwe zaqala ukufaka izimfanelo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nezimbi, ukuze zixwayise inzalo yabo engozini okuthiwa ivela eRussia.

Kusukela ukuvela kwamaphephandaba amaningi, indaba yokubunjwa nokulondoloza izinkolelo zokucwaswa kwezizwe iye yafakwa. Okokuqala, kwakudingeka bakhonze imibono yezwe yamazwe aseYurophu, futhi kamuva ama-United States. Kungabonakala ukuthi ukuphazamiseka okuphathelene neRussia kumaphephandaba angaphandle kwagcwala izincazelo ezimbi ngesikhathi sezingxabano phakathi kweRussia nezinye izifundazwe. Abezindaba bafaka "isithombe sesitha" ukuze babhalise ukusekelwa kwabantu babo ngokumelene namaRussia.

Ama-stereotypes ajwayelekile angaphandle kwezwe laseRussia

Kubonakala ukuthi kwakuyikhulu lama-20 ukuthi imibono mayelana namaRussia emazweni aseNtshonalanga yayakhiwa njengesiyaluyalu, isixuku, isizwe esinonya. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi lezi zinkolelo zithandwa, izithombe zisekelwa yizithombe zasekuqaleni zaseRussia, njengezwe elinqhwa, amabhere, njll Ngesikhathi eside abahambi ababefika eRussia, bakha imibono yabantu bakuleli zwe. Njengoba babehlaba umxhwele kakhulu umkhuhlane, izingozi zomuntu waseRussia, ke, babuyela ezweni lakubo, batshela ngakho ngokufakwe efomini. Izinkolelo eziyinhloko mayelana namaRussia ziphindaphindiwe kabanzi yizindaba zaseWestern and culture mass. Kuzo izwe lethu livela njengezwe eligcwele amabhere, iqhwa, i-vodka kanye nabantu abanezidoli zokudoba kanye ne-balalaikas. Futhi, abaseNtshonalanga bajwayele ukubheka iRussia njengesizwe esingalindelekile, esingabonakali ngokumomotheka nangobungane. Ngenxa yezincwadi zaseRussia, zikhuluma "ngomphefumulo ongaziwa waseRussia" othi "awukwazi ukuqonda ngomqondo". Njengoba iningi labaseYurophu ikakhulukazi baseMelika lingakaze liye eRussia, lithemba kalula imibono elula, ikakhulukazi ngoba abanye babo baxhaswa ngokuzithandela ngabantu baseRussia ngokwabo.

Bear

Isithombe seRussia njengezwe lapho amabhere ahamba khona emigwaqweni yakhiwa esikhathini esidlule. Izazi-mlando eziningi zekhulu le-19 zenza ucwaningo ngemvelaphi yazo futhi zafika esiphethweni sokuthi lesi sithombe sinemvelaphi yangempela. Emkhakheni wezwe lakithi sekuyisikhathi eside sekukhona inkolo yebhere, empeleni kwakungenxa yamaRussia ukubonakaliswa komoya. Lesi silwane sasiyi-totem yabakhile bezwe lakithi, ibhere lilokhu liyi-story of worksworks. Ngokufika kwe-Orthodoxy, isonto lisekela lesi sici sokuthi ungubani. Ngesikhathi esisodwa cishe cishe konke okuhle kwakukhona isiko lokubonisa umzabalazo wabalimi ngezinyosi, njengendlela yokubonisa ukuthi babesaba. Futhi lezi zilwane zenzelwe ukuzijabulisa emphakathini. Ngakho kwakukhona ibhere elinama-balalaika, njengesithombe somnandi waseRussia.

Kwabezizwe abafika ezweni lakithi, ukuhlangana nebhere kwakusabisa kakhulu, ngakho-ke ekubuyeni kwabo babatshela ngephutha imibono yalezi "baseRussia abangaziwa". Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abaseRussia bayajabula ukusekela lo mbono, amahlaya amaningi ngalesi sihloko.

Ukuphuza

Izinkolelo eziningi mayelana neRussia zihlotshaniswa ne-vodka. IsiRussia ngempela noma yisiphi isidlo sokuthola izivakashi zangaphandle ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa kwalesi siphuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivakashi zingabuka ukulwa, izingoma kanye nemidanso yabalimi abadakiwe ezindaweni zokudlela, futhi, njengoba kunjalo njalo ngama-stereotypes, bendlulisela lezi zizwe esizweni sonke. Lesi sithombe sasixhaswa ngokusekelwe yizindaba zeNtshonalanga phakathi nesikhathi lapho isimo sengqondo esibi ezweni lethu sakha. Ukuqinisa lo mbono owawusebenza futhi iqiniso lokuthi amaRussia ayehamba phesheya, avame ukuvumela ukuphuza okungaqondakali futhi ukuziphatha kwabo akulawulwa.

Ngezimfundiso zaseNtshonalanga, isipho sangempela kwakuwukuziphatha kukaMengameli uBoris Yeltsin, owayefuna ukuphuza. I-propaganda, ngesibonelo sakhe, yaqinisa imibono ekhona mayelana namaRussia njengezidakwa.

Ukuzinza

Ubusika baseRussia kubangaphandle, ikakhulukazi labo abahlala emazweni afudumele, ngumuzwa ogqamile kakhulu. Njengoba izinkolelo zivame ukulungisa nokuqinisa imizwelo, isipiliyoni sokuzwa kweqhwa sibe uphawu oluthile lwaseRussia. Izakhamuzi zaseYurophu ezishisayo zingacabanga kalula izwe lethu iqhwa eliboshwe yizwe elikhulu, lapho kuhlale kubanda khona. Iqhwa iba uphawu olubalulekile lombuso. Futhi abantu abangaphila ezimweni ezinjalo banikwa izici ezikhethekile. Kulula nje ukungafani nalokhu, isibonelo, amaNtaliyane noma amaGreki. Lesi sici sakhiwa ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho oxhumana nabo bokuqala basezakhamuzi zase-Europe Yurophu neRussia baqala.

Matryoshka

Naphezu kokuthi i-matryoshka yaseRussia uphawu olubonakala emhlabeni jikelele, leli tshishi lalungiswa hhayi ezweni lakithi, lafika kithi lisuka eChina. Kodwa lesi sibalo sinobuciko kakhulu kumlingiswa waseRashiya ngekatolika kanye nokuhlanganisana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakuyisikhumbuzo esihle, kanti ngezikhathi zokuvakasha izidakamizwa zokudoba kwaba yisipho esivela kakhulu eRussia. Lokhu kwaba lula kakhulu amaRussia ngokwabo, abanikeze abalingiswa abaphesheya futhi banikeza izivakashi. Ukukhanya nokuma okuyingqayizivele kunomfanekiso ozwakalayo, ongokomzwelo okhunjulwa kalula futhi ngenxa yalokho uvele ucatshangelwe.

I-Balalaika

Izakhamuzi zaseRussia zinezinsimbi ezimbalwa zomculo, kanti enye yazo i-balalaika. Kwavela ngokuguqulwa kobuhle base-Asia futhi kwasakazwa kabanzi ngekhulu le-17. Insimbi iyisihlobo somuntu waseRashiya: kulula ekuhlakanipheni, inikeza amathuba amahle okuthuthukisa i-improvisation. Ekhulwini le-18, ngesikhathi sokuhleleka kwaso ngalinye kwakukhona ibhere elinama-balalaika njengendlela yokuzijabulisa kubantu abaza ukuthenga. Njengoba abaningi bezinye izizwe bokuqala ababeza eRussia babengabathengisi, benza iziphetho ngezwe ngokuqondile kulezi zinsuku. Ngakho-ke, kuvela izinkolelo eziningi: ukudakwa, ukuzijabulisa okungavinjelwe, i-balalaika nebheyi. Lo mbono, njengodonsa we-matryoshka, awunayo imibala emibi, kuyisimboli esivamile sezwe emehlweni abantu bezinye izizwe.

Umphefumulo omangalisayo waseRashiya

Izincwadi zaseRussia zenze okuningi ukuze zenze imibono ngezwe lethu. Manje ake sikhumbule abalobi abadume kakhulu baseRussia: Pushkin, Chekhov, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy. Bonke bazama ukuxazulula imfihlakalo yomphefumulo waseRussia ngaphandle kokunye. Ngakho-ke, imibono evamile mayelana neRussia yacebiswa yile mibono. Ngendlela, isizwe sethu ngenjabulo enkulu sisekela le nganekwane futhi siyasakaza. Kubantu bezinye izizwe, kulula ukubhalela konke kumuntu ongaziwa waseRashiya kunokuba aqonde ukuziphatha kwethu futhi afune incazelo.