Allelism Multiple - isimo ezithile zofuzo

Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukucabanga kwezokwelapha zanamuhla ngaphandle indlela enjalo okulula kwelashwa igazi. Ekuqaleni kwalesi odokotela indlela nje akhishwa uketshezi yesinye isiguli kwesinye, ngaphandle kokucabangela imiphumela. kokuma ezalandela isimo lesiguli kwaholela esiphethweni sokuthi akusiyo noma yiliphi igazi efanelekayo igazi. Kwaba kuyisandulela ukutholakala amaqembu igazi.

definition

allelism Multiple - iyona ukhona engaphezu kwemibili okuhlukile isakhi sofuzo esisodwa. Kusebenza njengomnyombo izindlela kwemvelo, ukuthi, kuvimbela Fusion ubulili amaseli eziphilayo okungakwazi abe inzalo iphila.

Lokhu kuwachaza kahle inzalo izitshalo ezithile nezilwane, kanye ukungabi nakwenzeka kwento ukubonakala "izingane" e kwezilwane ezahlukahlukene. A ezihlukahlukene izimpawu ibizwa ngokuthi "allelism amaningi". Izibonelo zalokhu isimo: ezahlukene umbala wamehlo nombala elingenamikhono, ukuma ezindlebeni noma ekhaleni. Kodwa okufanayo isici namathonya yokuthi siyoba yini iqembu igazi kubantu.

allelism Multiple has amaphethini athile:

- noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka kwezakhi ezithile zofuzo kungase kudingeke alleles engaphezu kwemibili;

- isakhi okufana ezingase ziphakame kokubili ngenxa phambili noma ukubuyisela emuva ngokuguqula izakhi kwenye allele, futhi ngenxa yezinguquko le "zasendle" ezakhi zofuzo;

- emzimbeni nge chromosome diploid setha alleles ezimbili ezahlukene kungaba kanyekanye;

- alleles kukhona ubuhlobo evelele-esikhubazayo phakathi kwawo;

- ilifa alleles kuncike imithetho Gregor Mendel.

Ifa amaqembu igazi

allelism Multiple - lokhu ingenye ukubonakaliswa we kokuhlukana ka izinhlayiya eziyisisekelo zofuzo yezinto eziphilayo. Esinye isibonelo kokuhlukana enjalo angase abizwe ngokuthi ifa igazi by AB0 uhlelo.

Lolu hlelo onezici ezithile:

- kukhona ezintathu alleles we mina isakhi sofuzo - iyona A, B no 0;

- isakhi sofuzo asebenzayo isendaweni chromosome lesishiyagalolunye;

- A no B alleles abangelwa ngokuyinhloko phezu 0 kodwa ulingana nomunye;

- ngokuvumelana nemithetho Mendelian izakhi zofuzo evelele sokuziphatha njengomncane homo - noma umzimba heterozygous, futhi kuphela esikhubazayo homozygous ngoba imfanelo inikezwe.

inhlanganisela ezahlukene alleles ukuthela amaqembu amane igazi: 0, A, B, no-AB. Ziyahlukahluka bodwa antigen (agglutinogens) ethulwa phezu kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Kulokhu, ingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi njalo afundwa agglutinins. Lokhu omzimba athile, okuyinto musa kuhambisane agglutinogens.

Lo mkhuba allelism amaningi inikeza ezihlukahlukene ukubonakaliswa phenotypic le mfanelo kubantu. Igazi isibonelo esihle kuyinsakavukela ukuphendula, ngoba akashintshi bedle yiluphi uhlobo kwaba izici kukho konke ukuphila.

uhlelo antigenic

allelism Multiple - kuguquka isakhi iqhubeka sabantu. Omunye amaprotheni, okuyinto imbozwe kuguquka iyona RH isici. Lokhu amaprotheni ezuzwa uhlobo evelele. Lapho ukumpontshelwa igazi noma ukukhulelwa, RH ukungavumelani kungenzeka. Kulokhu, igazi uqala clot nokuthuthukisa DIC.

igazi likamama lingahlangani ne-fetus ube villi chorionic sidlula futhi ungafakiwe. Uma, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lokuqala, omama RH-negative ukuthuthukisa umntwana RH-HIV, inqubo lokuzalwa nge amaseli zakhe abomvu esichaza antigen angangena isimiso semithambo yegazi sowesifazana baxabane nomzimba yohlobo imisiwe. Okungukuthi, amasosha omzimba bayozibuthela emzimbeni, kodwa akazanga ekukhulelweni okuphindaphindiwe. Uma ingane yesibili kubuye RH omuhle, kukhona ukungqubuzana phakathi amasosha omzimba futhi antigen. Lokhu kungaba ekugcineni ekufeni umbungu.

isakhi sofuzo Ukusebenzisana

allelism Multiple - siwukubonakaliswa eyodwa futhi isakhi sofuzo ofanayo ezahlukeneyo ezahlukene bokuphila. Kukhona hhayi kuphela agglutinogens A, B no 0. Ososayensi baye baphawula agglutinogens engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili ahlangene ngemacembu amabili. Lokhu kuholela ubunjalo zamaqembu egazi e wonke umuntu olulodwa emhlabeni.

Umehluko phakathi kwala maqembu of AB0 uhlelo ukuthi plasma akuyona ngabo agglutinins. Into ebaluleke kakhulu i-agglutinogens RH, MN, S, P, A, Levis, Duppi, Kell, Kidd, nabanye. Esikhathini igazi, inhlanganisela ezahlukene lezi antigen.

Ngenhlanhla, nge igazi olulodwa akwenzi ingqondo ukuba bacabangele zonke la mangqamuzana amaprotheni, ngoba bengakwazi kubangele abalulekile generalized ukusabela nomzimba. Nokho, it is hhayi Kunconywa ngoba njalo ukumpontshelwa ukusetshenziswa igazi donor efanayo.

Igazi iqembu antigen AB0 uhlelo

Njengoba vele sesiyazi, ku genotype umuntu uhlale mkhuba allelism amaningi. antigen lwegazi ethulwa nge A no-B, osimo kungenxa ebukhoneni I. isakhi sofuzo Zakhiwa amaprotheni kanye carbohydrate. I ngokucacile of antigen ngalinye kunqunywa ushukela uchungechunge esibulalayo isinqamu.

Ukuze ukwakheka antigen A no B edingekayo H-ikhemikhali ngokuba khona isakhi N. wemfanelo Lesi sakhiwo akulona antigen, njengoba kukhona bonke abantu ku-ulwelwesi erythrocyte. Ngo abantu iqembu igazi kuqala babe kuphela H-ngoqobo, kodwa akukho antigen A no B.