Zofuzo. allelism amaningi

allelism Multiple inquma heterogeneity phenotypic kwenani womuntu. Yena, ingenye izisekelo Ngokubona ukwahlukahlukana isakhi sofuzo pool. allelism Multiple okubangelwa yi-zofuzo, okuyinto ukushintsha ukulandelana elisekela nitrogen e molecule ye-DNA engxenyeni oluhambisana isakhi esithile. Lezi ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezingaba yingozi, kuyazuzisa yini noma hlangothi. ukuguqulwa Iyingozi avuse esiwufuzo, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa allelism amaningi. Ngokwesibonelo, kuguquka okushintsha isakhiwo omunye hemoglobin uchungechunge amaprotheni ngu aguqulayo ikhodi glutamic acid ikhodi valine (acid acid) e isakhi sofuzo ngesikhathi ingxenye ukuphela ezaziwayo. Ngenxa yalokhu shintsho asathuthuka lokhu kwakuphambene nemvelo izakhi zofuzo isikela cell anemia. Superdominance ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi isimo heterozygous, inkulumo namandla lamaseli okudlangile kulo, hhayi e homozygous. Lesi senzakalo wasithukuthelela heterosis umphumela futhi ukuxhumana izici ezifana isikhathi ingqikithi yokuphila, ukusebenza kanye nabanye. Kubantu, njengoba kwezinye eukaryotes, allelism amaningi akhonjwe ezihlukahlukene. Kukhona inani elikhulu izici Mendelian ukuthi zinqunywa ekusebenzisaneni ezahlukene. Alleles - amafomu ezimbili ezihlukene, omunye umuntu azalwa nalo lokuhlaziya isakhi sofuzo efanayo, okuyinto etholakala kuma-chromosome homologous ezindaweni ezifanayo.

Lapho ukubikezela ifa nemithetho Mendelian, umuntfu angakhona kubala ematfuba izingane nomunye noma esinye isici yokumodela. Ukuze sihlaziye izici yenguquko ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwane idluliselwe kwesinye njengoba elula kunazo indlela methodological izenzo indlela zozalo, ogxile ukwakhiwa pedigrees.

Mangithi ukuthi inkulumo phenotypic ka isakhi esisodwa futhi kuthinte amanye zofuzo. Njengoba izibonelo eziyinkimbinkimbi isakhi sofuzo ekusebenzisaneni angenza imithetho ohlelweni ifa RH isici: RH engemihle futhi RH omuhle. Ngokuhamba isifundo ngo-1939, unyaka wegazi serum esiguli, Lowo okuzala ngezinhlungu zokubeletha ingane efile, futhi eyayintula emlandweni umyeni ukumpontshelwa igazi ABO ehambisanayo iqembu amasosha omzimba zitholiwe. Babizwa ngokuthi bangabantu RH amasosha omzimba, futhi iqembu igazi isiguli - RH-HIV. RH-HIV lwegazi kunqunywa khona phezu kobuso erythrocyte eqenjini elithile antigen ukuthi okubhalwe ufuzo kwesakhiwo wenziwa. Nazo ngokufanayo, zinokwaziswa mayelana polypeptides ulwelwesi.

Nikela ukuncipha eziphawulekayo ukusebenza futhi kuholele ekufeni komzimba izakhi zofuzo ezibulalayo. Basuke zihlelwe zaba amaqembu amabili. Esokuqala kungenzeka izakhi zofuzo esikhubazayo. Bephambana kokufa komzimba kuphela isimo homozygous. Eqenjini lesibili kukhona izakhi zofuzo evelele. umthelela wabo kungenzeka nasesimweni sokungasokwa heterozygous.

Ukubonakaliswa zezakhi zofuzo ebulalayo kungabonakala nasemkhakheni at zokukhula ezihlukene ngabanye. Kuyinto zokuqala (ukufa fetus), futhi izigaba Sekuhlwe kakhulu (ukufa kwengane, ingqondo kwesisu, ukuzalwa izilo nonviable). Ngaphandle nokufa, eyaziwa nezakhi zofuzo isigamu-ebulalayo. Abanaso kubangele ukufa okusheshayo umzimba, kodwa iyehlisa ukusebenza yayo.

Evelele izakhi zofuzo ebulalayo zikhona izinto eziningi ezincane kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa esikhubazayo. Ngokuba esigabeni evelele Merle isici. Abathwali izakhi zofuzo evelele , uma uthanda, kalula asuswe zizalela, ngoba babe phenotype isici. Ingxenye isakhi sofuzo ebulalayo kuphakamisa anomaly sina, enye ingxenye - ukuphazamiseka izinqubo bokuphila.