I nokumpontshelwa igazi. Igazi esiteshini. donor Honorary

Kuze kube manje, kunzima ukucabanga imithi ngaphandle kokumpompela ngegazi. Muva nje, ukumpontshelwa kwakudingeka kuphela esimweni lapho umuntu kwakumelwe nxephezela lo nokulahlekelwa okukhulu, kodwa ukumpontshelwa igazi namuhla uyakwazi ukubhekana nezifo eziningi sina. Ngokwesibonelo, abaningi baye bathola "autohemotherapy" eside, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi akasakuthandi kungokwalabo imithi ehlukile, it is ngokusebenzisa le ndlela ekusindiseni izinkulungwane zezimpilo. Lokhu kubuye ngaphandle kokumpontshelwa igazi, okuyinto kusiza umzimba ukunakekela kanye nokulwa nezifo.

Umlando wokwelapha ngokumpompela igazi igazi

I nokumpontshelwa igazi futhi umnikelo iya elide esikhathini esidlule. Ngokumpompela Igazi Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa njengoba ubuchwepheshe ekhethekile imithi, okuyinto kusisiza ukuba silondoloze impilo isiguli ngu ekuphathweni isiguli kuzo zonke izingxenye ze-donor umzimba. Ngokumpompela Igazi kungenzeka zibe ngaphansi kwe -plasma, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi kanye nezinye izinto okuyinto bengekho noma ngesilinganiso esincane esigulini. Yiqiniso, ubuchwepheshe echazwe ngenhla emphakathini wanamuhla, yokuthi ezikhathini zasendulo, lokhu kwakunganele ngoba kwakungekho imishini ekhethekile ngawo kwakunokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa plasma kusukela abomvu egazi.

Eyokuqala ukumpontshelwa igazi senziwa lapho abantu baqaphela ukuthi igazi - iyona Isakhi esiyinhloko a eziphilayo, futhi uma kuyintando akumelwe lingabi nawo, abantu avele afe. Ngemva eziningi ezivivinya, odokotela baphetha ngokuthi kukhona ukungavumelani yokumpontshelwa igazi, ngakho izibalo ngqo Kwakwenziwe inani igazi elampontshelwa nokuhlukanisa yayo ngemacembu kwedivayisi.

Injani ukumpontshelwa igazi lokuqala, futhi ezintsha zesayensi kule ndawo

Kuze kube abantu akawatholanga amathuluzi esikhethekile igazi, kwakukhona ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, kusukela ekuqaleni wanika umuntu aphuze igazi elisashisa isilwane noma umuntu, kodwa yebo, le ndlela kwaba ayizwakali. Befuna izindlela ezifanele kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe kuye kwazanywa, owokuqala kubo babe yizinkulungwane test baphumelele 1848, kodwa ubuchwepheshe ngempumelelo kakhulu isibe efanele kuphela ekhulwini lama-20.

Kwakubalulekile kakhulu ukuqiniseka ukuthi igazi kugcinwa isikhathi eside, ngakho ngo-1926 i-Institute owaziwa Kokumpontshelwa Kwegazi ka Aleksandra Bogdanova wenziwe ukutholakala kubalulekile umuthi, ososayensi walesi sikhungo luye lwabonisa ukuthi akudingekile ukugcina lonke igazi, iveza isimo esingokoqobo ukugcina izingxenye zalo. Ngokusekelwe kulezi okutholakele, saqala ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha ze-plasma ukulondolozwa, futhi kamuva ngisho igazi esikhundleni zidaliwe.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo evela nokumpontshelwa igazi

Njengomthetho, ukumpontshelwa igazi ekuqaleni kungase kwenziwe kuphela izihlobo abaye baziphatha njengezitha nabanikeli, isibonelo, ekhulwini lama-20 kukholakala ukuthi lokuthi kungaba kuphela umama, noma umfowenu. Kukholakala ukuthi kuleli cala kunobungozi encane ukuthi isiguli uzoqala ukuthuthukisa ukusabela iguliswa noma igazi ngeke isebenze. Kodwa kamuva, odokotela baqala athuthukise isihloko iminikelo kanye wathola ukuthi abanikeli kungase kungabi kuphela izihlobo, kodwa abanye abantu abafisa ukuba banikele ngegazi.

Ngakho umlando ukumpontshelwa igazi basungula ngokushesha kakhudlwana. Njalo ngonyaka kwezokwelapha kubonakala esiqondisweni Breakout, futhi manje kukhona izinqubo eziningi zokwelapha ukuthi usebenzisa ukumpontshelwa igazi elaphe ngisho izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ebulalayo. Ukuze donor igazi - umcimbi ngokuphelele ephephile, ngakho unyaka kungenzeka ukwenza izinqubo eziningi ezinjalo.

Kuyini yokumpontshelwa igazi kwezokwelapha zanamuhla?

Okwamanje, imithi angeke wacabanga ngaphandle kokumpontshelwa igazi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma usebenzisa autohemotherapy ubuchwepheshe, isiguli ithuba kuqinise amasosha omzimba ngaphandle umonakalo empilweni yabo, ngesikhathi i-Odokotela azikho izixwayiso, kodwa kulokhu, lapho kwenziwa ukumpontshelwa igazi, RH isici kufanele inake abe ukuhlolwa eyengeziwe, uma abanikeli kukhona izihlobo. Lokhu ukumpontshelwa indlela lingasetshenziswa ukubuyekeza igazi, sokuntuleka kwegazi kanye nezinye pathologies kubantu. Kubalulekile ukuthi udokotela wakwazi uphethwe esifike ngesikhathi futhi ifike ngesikhathi ukuthatha zonke izinyathelo ukuqeda ke.

Ubani ongafaka futhi akukwazi ukumpontshelwa igazi?

Kuze kube manje, ukuba donor - kuba nodumo, ngangokuba abantu abaningi ziyakuthanda lesi sihloko, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba sihlole ngokucophelela sihilela indaba yokuthi ubani kungaba ukunikela futhi kungakanani abanikeli igazi ukuqasha i-nyaka. Iba donor akuyona nzima le ndlela ngokuphelele bonke abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-18 no-60, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akufanele ube Izimo empilweni. Ngesikhathi evela donor kungathatha cishe 500 ml igazi. Abantu abanale isisindo emzimbeni amakhilogremu esingaphansi 50, kufanele ibhekane odokotela ekhethekile abangakwazi ukunikeza isitifiketi ukuthi umuntu ingaba njengesihluthulelo abanikelayo.

Abanye abantu bangase babe Izimo abo, futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi ngeke bakwazi ukwenza njenge donor, kulesi simo a igazi nemiphumela ukuthi zingakubiza impilo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukunikela ayikwazi indoda eyayinamandla kunawo wonke ake wahlupheka ekuphileni kwakhe izifo ezifana:

1. Umuntu onegciwane lesandulela-ngculaza.
2. Uma une ugcunsula, kungakhathaliseki kuba azalwa naso noma bathenga.
3. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa Positive ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo.
4. Isifo sofuba.

Ukuze bakwazi ukukhiqiza plasma kocingo kuwo wonke umuzi kukhona isiteshi ngaphandle kokumpontshelwa igazi, lapho donor presumptive izophela zonke izivivinyo futhi uqiniseke ukuthi kuvumelana igazi.

Lapho unikezwa ukunikela ngezitho zokuhlonishwa?

Uma siyiqaphele izibalo, esiteshini unyaka owodwa igazi ukuvakashelwa isilinganiso kuya abanikelayo 20,000. Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi le nombolo lincibilika ngokushesha, ngoba abantu abasha musa ukusheshe kakhulu banikela ngegazi, futhi abantu ngaphansi umkhawulo yobudala njalo ngonyaka. Lo magazini ekukhathaza uMbuso mumbe, ngakho-ke, ukudweba ngokuthi "donor zokuhlonipha" kungaba abanikeli ngaphezulu, isihloko laqanjwa. Kukangaki ukunikeza igazi - wona kanye lo mbuzo ezivamile entsheni abafuna ukuthola ukuthi isihloko. Yiqiniso, zikhona ukulinganiselwa kule ndaba, kusukela plasma zingafundwa kungekho kanengi ukudlula ngenyanga kabili. abanikeli Honorary ngabantu abenza kangcono.

Inkinga yokuntuleka kwegazi namuhla isixazululekile ngenye indlela, ososayensi bazama ukuthola esikhundleni igazi, kodwa awekho oshumayela lokhu kungenziwa, ngakho umnikelo - okuwukuphela kwendlela ukulondoloza ukuphila kwabantu abaningi.

Njengoba ukumpompela igazi ivikelwe umthetho

Ukuheha inqwaba nabanikeli, bazama ukudala izimo ukuthi achazwa ngokukhanyayo e imithetho emazweni ahlukahlukene. Cabanga ayinhloko:

1. Ngosuku lapho donor unika igazi, sabona ushwele umsebenzi efektri noma kwenye indawo umsebenzi wayo, kuyilapho iholo asindiswe.
2. Ukuze lokuthi wakwazi ukuthola i-, unikezwa usuku olwengeziwe off ngemva kokunikeza igazi.
3. Blood donation ngempela kuqinisekiswa isitifiketi, ngesisekelo okuyinto inkokhelo enqwabelene usuku aphuthelwe.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangaki abanikeli igazi ukuqasha, zonke zazo avikelekile ngokomthetho.

On the donor ohloniphekile bangalindela ukukhululeka okuthile?

Uma umuntu enikela igazi in inani imithamo 40 esiphezulu, ivese kuba ukunikela ngezitho zokuhlonipha. abanikeli VIP izinzuzo zabo:

1. Laba bantu ufaneleka impatho khulula.
2. Imithi Pharmacy banayo ukudedela u-50% isaphulelo.
3. Umlando ukumpontshelwa igazi ibonisa ukuthi abaningi abanikeli enjalo kuze kube namuhla ivelele amavawusha khulula sokuzilibazisa at zokungcebeleka impilo.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi blood donation akuthathi isikhathi esiningi ukuchitha ngokwanele imizuzu engu-15 okungenani kanye ngenyanga ukuze ulondoloze impilo.

Imisebenzi donor ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi donor

Ukuze sikwazi ukudlula plasma, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi umuntu ngamunye imithetho yayo siqu:

1. Isiteshi sokuqala yokumpontshelwa igazi esibuya kungadinga idokhumenti izoqinisekisa ubunikazi bayo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi kwaba passport.
2. Lokuthi kufanele bazazi lonke ulwazi oludingekayo, kuhlanganise nezifo ezithathelwanayo ebuntwaneni.
3. I donor ubophekile ukuba bakutshele futhi mayelana ukuhlinzwa, ababe naye ngonyaka ngaphambi kokunikeza igazi, ngisho noma ngabe ukuhlinza kwakuvame ezincane.

Lapho futhi ngingakufakazela kanjani ukunikela ngegazi?

Ngisho emadolobheni amancane, igazi kungathatha izindawo ezikhethekile wezokwelapha. A nokumpontshelwa igazi kuhlanganisa izimo lapho odokotela ezingamaKristu kwakudingeka zisebenzele ezimweni kulabo ababempofu kakhulu, kodwa babhekana ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Yiqiniso, ukwenza kocingo kwamangqamuzana egazi ngabanye ngeke isebenze isikhungo non-ezikhethekile, ngenxa yokuthi vele ukuthi kudinga ukunakekelwa naletinye tisebenti leticeceshiwe letinyenti. Nikela igazi akukho nobunzima, umane ukuya esiteshini esiseduze yokumpontshelwa igazi futhi lizinikele lonke uvivinyo ezidingekayo bese uyoqondisa kocingo plasma, futhi abantu bazokwazi bazibiza ukunikela. Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ukudala ukumpontshelwa igazi isiteshi mobile, okuyinto ekahle kakhulu abantu abane enkulu yesikhathi.

Indlela ukulungiselela ngokunginika igazi?

Uma ufuna ukunikela ngegazi, akudingekile ngandlela-thile ngendlela ekhethekile nokukulungiselela. Noma kunjalo, odokotela batusa ukulandela imithetho:

1. It is hhayi Kunconywa ukunikeza igazi uma zisanda abethelwe tattoo.
2. Uma kukhona izinkinga ne dystonia zenhliziyo.
3. Uma usanda umuntu ukuphathe amazinyo.
4. Akunakwenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi umnikelo wokuphuzwayo okunosawoti, okuthosiwe, okubabayo. It is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba uphuze utshwala udle imikhiqizo yobisi.

Njengoba ubona, the nokumpontshelwa igazi unothile kakhulu, sihlala sishintsha, ne omningi minyaka yonke amasu amasha engasiza ekusindiseni ukuphila ezigidi abadala kanye nezingane, ngakho donor zokuhlonipha - akuyona nje umthwalo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba umuntu ngamunye.