I ngwenya sezitimela ezinejubane kakhulu emhlabeni. Projects ngwenya

Shock - kungcono indlela yethu! Lo mcimbi kwenzeka ngo-1971, ekwindla. ngwenya yenuzi Soviet (inombolo Tactical K-162, "Anchar" Project 661) nge oqinile njengoba zempi, titanium umzimba eduze esikebheni "Saratoga 'isitsha. 6 isiteleka izindiza yenethiwekhi US Navy babehlele likhiphe okuxekethile. Nokho, i-racer engavamile kugwenywe kalula isimangaliso imishini angaphandle oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, okubonisa ubuso bakhe. "Emuva" Ithimba washaqeka ngesikhathi lokukwazi isivinini amakhono. wahlala kuphela "prude 'ngwenya esheshayo! Kwakungekhona futhi ayilingani naye ezweni. Nokho, emakhasini-Guinness Book of it - akulona izwi. imfihlo Military ungeme hype.

Wena amanga, ngeke uwushiye!

nokuziqhenya esingenakuqhathaniswa States wempi we "Lexington" babevela eMedithera Atlantic ne-port yanoma Miami, uye endaweni ephakemeyo, ukuthunyelwa unomphela. Kungazelelwe amatilosi angaphandle babone: ekujuleni abakudobile omkhulu "umkhoma" - ngwenya, izilinganiso okuyizinto sokuboshwa usayizi endlini e ezine izibuya. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukubaleka: isikebhe ezijulile amahora kwamandla lamfica esiphathiswa, ngubani baqoqa 30 ifindo (55.56 km / h). Lokhu nje kungazange kumangaze: "Anchar" (K-162) ithuthukiswe 44,7 ifindo (80.4 km / h).

amandla Enough ophephela eyodwa nje, ukuze ahehe futhi silondoloze ijubane kumnandi. I ngwenya esheshayo, flying njengoba imoto emgwaqeni omkhulu, phezu iplanethi enguMhlaba wenze lokhu, vele ayitholakalanga. Ukudideka wakhula izingqapheli. Uyisitha "Old Lady" (omunye izidlaliso ka "Saratoga") wabheka ngokuphelele olungenakuzisiza. Le nqubo Soviet ngqo emehlweni isitha wabonisa ngokuphelele irekhodi lomhlaba ijubane lokuya kwamanzi. Futhi ingeyona States kanye nezwe lapho, ngokusho kwabanye zihamba emigwaqweni namabhere.

impendulo ehloniphekile

ofakazi Dazed bengaqondi: angakuthola kanjani "Rounders ezintantayo" Russian ukusebenzisa epithet "ngesivinini esimangalisayo", "esheshayo"? "Submarine kungekho cooler"? Yebo, akumangalisi bathi: kangcono ukukholelwa futhi singakhohliswa kuka ukukhohliswa, ningakholwa. It kuvela ukuthi njengoba khulu ngangokunokwenzeka! Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngoMashi 1971 ijubane 44.85 ifindo (83.05 km / h) ingalungiswa ku Motovsky umugqa ntathu (endaweni emanzini angasogwini).

Ukunqoba edingekayo ukuze afeze ukuba khona izingqapheli survey izitsha. Ngalezo zinsuku, thina samthanda ukwenza ku izenzakalo ezinkulu party. Lokhu feat besizokwenziwa kuvulwa XXIV iCongress of the CPSU. Isiphepho siqalile, hydrologists asikwazanga ukuya olwandle. Lapho isimo sezulu Kumiswa, sinqume ukungasebenzisi ukubika. Nakuba isiphepho, ngesinye ngamaphesenti ayikhulu umthwalo umthamo ngwenya Kuneziteshi zamandla enuzi ekhishwe irekhodi elisha, okufanayo 44,85 ifindo.

Njengoba sebezinikele kule imibuthano emibili umoya, e izinkinga senzakalo lwesithathu futhi uzwakalise umyalo ukuyeka experiment okuyingozi. Ngakho, umfanekiso irekhodi emhlabeni 44,7 kwahlanganiswa. Planck ingakamiswa unqobe. Maphakathi nawo-70-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka, nabaqambi Soviet wayethemba ukwandisa amavolumu ukukhiqizwa, bemisa ukukhiqizwa serial izinto ezintsha. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kwenzeke, yize ngwenya wanamuhla Northern Fleet akuzona kuze kube yingxenye izibalo edlule ekhulwini.

Ngenxa zibiza (izindleko zaba 1% iphesenti amandla ibhajethi) ngesivinini "izindiza yenethiwekhi killer 'uyena kuphela, eliyingqayizivele futhi, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-top-secret. Imininingwane iminyaka eminingi walethwa hhayi kubo bonke abombutho. I degree of Ukungena ku isihloko lezakhamuzi Akekho owaziyo. Noma kunjalo, kwaba impendulo engemuva yomkhumbi zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni ngokumelene kosozimali "imikhuba imperial".

Sizokubonisa incumbe!

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi futhi kungani wazalelwa ngwenya esheshayo. Ezweni iMpi Yomshoshaphansi lanqoba uhlangothi, ihlanganise uhlelo ezimbili ezihlukene zezombusazwe, uvalwe ligcwaliswe ekwakheni izikhali. Esikhathini Maphakathi nekhulu XX, United States uhlelo ekhethekile yezempi. Beka kubhejwa zakho ku isu ekulondolozeni namaqiniso, ingxenye yalo khona isu ulwandle.

amandla okuhlambalazayo sishintshe umzila amandla main, kwahamba a Ukuqondisa kabusha abukhali emazweni ulwandle. Uhlelo osekelwa "airfields ezintantayo" - amaqembu eshaywayo abathwali izindiza. Izwe zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni enqobile adingeka hhayi kuphela yesimanje, usule izinto zikagesi eziphezu entsha. Kwaba umbuzo imayelana avele ngwenya esheshayo. ISoviet Union kule 60s imikhumbi emikhulu leminyaka elidlule akazange abe nesikhathi ukuze usethe: empini esanda kuqalwa ufile phansi lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela Motherland kubahlaseli amaNazi. Leli zwe ngokulambisa esalulama monakalo. Isivuno utholakale: inhloko yezwe Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev isinqumo ukuze kuboniswe wonke umuntu incumbe nesibindi njengaye okungenakuqhathaniswa ngwenya imikhumbi.

Babahnut kwesokudla ezinhle olujulileyo

Kaningi ngcono njalo yase-Soviet nezempi wanikezwa phambi njani ngwenya esheshayo. Kuleli zwe ngxabano ezinzima, ngemva isu ocean isidingo ibambene phezulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi isampula sixties ngwenya sika eSoviet Union kwadingeka ethile sina: missile angase umkhankaso hit ilitshe kuphela uma ukhuphuka uvela ukujula, ngemva ekuvezeni.

Ngokuvamile kuba kule yokuma ngwenya "Yilona 'isitha futhi wabhubhisa (uma ungenayo ngezikhathi ezithile" unyrnut "). Maduzane, "Amethyst" - missile uhlelo ukuthi ungaqala kusuka ekujuleni oyimfihlakalo. It yadalwa ngaphansi kokulawula designer of rocket isikhala ubuchwepheshe uVladimir Chelomeya (isithombe esingenhla). Novelty ngokushesha ziye zamukela, nakuba isisindo ukulwa ikhanda kuba amancane njengoba uhla labadubuli. Zonke lezi zici ezibonakala negative abangu kulinganiswe inqolobane benethuba sisebenzise ezifihliwe ukumangala kuhlasela.

emkhankasweni oyimfihlo

Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi butjhilweni umgomo kuyoba ukugcina ithrekhi abona yonke into ayakubona "iso" lokulawula ezizimele kanye nesimiso sokuqondisa. Lokhu lula umsebenzi sokugwema izitsha patrol (imikhumbi wokugada) isitha ngangokunokwenzeka. Esikebheni kwakuneqembu okuhlose ukukhwezwa ngqo ezicitshwayo eziyishumi izindiza (cruise ezicitshwayo) P-70. Njengoba umoya kwakudingeka ngwenya enamandla kakhulu! Imikhumbi izwe ukuthi ukucwila emanzini ngokuphelele futhi isebenze ngaphansi kwamanzi, ngaphansi kwezimo alikwazanga "ukufaniswa" encintisana.

Ukuze umsebenzi bakhangwa ngisho namakhulu, kodwa izinkulungwane ochwepheshe, zozela zonke ngemvume isibambiso hhayi ukudalula izimfihlo isimo. Design izixazululo eziye zasetshenziswa, uyithola ishanelwe eceleni ngesikhathi esisodwa: ngwenya wazalwa esizayo. Bagxila ibanga cruise missile anegama elihle "Amethyst". Kuyinto encane - amakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili. Ukuze ngamandla uvumelane ukuze ngwenya elintantayo ku airfields kuhlasela ibanga okudingekayo ukuze endow ngayo ngesivinini amakhono (akhiwa a torpedo).

Sici-abacebile ergonomic

Esimweni ukungezwani kanye imfihlakalo wazalwa ngwenya engcono. Ezweni nasemaphandleni, akekho owayazi igama project manager. igunya obungenakuphikwa yesayensi, upscale Uchwepheshe umakhi womkhumbi Academician UNikolai Isanin (njengoba ngesikhathi umklami owaziwayo mkhathi "Vostok" Sergei Korolev) wake oluthathwa kakhulu. Ngaphansi ekuqaleni kwakhe okuqinile futhi olukhuni leqembu wasebenza ubusuku nemini. Esikhathini esithile, ubuholi yathathwa ngu Nikolai Shulzhenko. Onzima umsebenzi onzima ulilethele izithelo ecebile.

Ngo-December 1960, umkhumbi-ngwenya iphrojekthi esizayo kwase kumi ngomumo. Inombolo avant-garde izixazululo lobuchwepheshe "off isikali" - 398: a amasondo ayo efana kundiza, elawulwa kude, ikhamera, imishini, futhi-ke, i-isikhathi eside kunazo zonke titanium umzimba, okuyinto kuveza ngesikhathi Severodvinsk "Sevmash" ngo-1962. K-162 ngokwaso yasungulwa ibhizinisi efanayo ngo-December 1963 (inombolo yomkhiqizo 501). Indima ebalulekile wanikwa Ergonomics.

Four ezingaba Emhlabeni Wonke

Amandla olunikezwa sikhungo ezimbili zenuzi. Project 661 kufakwe iyunithi paroenergeticheskuyu ezimbili-shaft (40,000 amahhashi ngamunye, ku-2-phinda kunaleyo zonke "nozakwethu" basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle). Ngokuyinhloko, ngenxa yokuthi lokhu iwine isihloko "ngwenya esheshayo." Ezweni lapho athomu obunokuthula kuphela amakhosi, imishini isampula at the esengozini eqanjiwe wanika zethu ithemba ezweni.

fuel Nuclear e sikhungo kungaba anele ezine circumnavigation ngomkhumbi (at kahle ephakeme kanye nokuphepha). "Izıthwebulo Biography" we esidlule emfushane: isikebhe (kusukela ngo-January 1978 waba ohlwini ngaphansi inombolo Tactical K-222) wafakwa emanzini ngo-1968; icala ngo-1988; ekugcineni ulahlwa 2010 kwi "Sevmash".

Umsindo akukuhle

I ngwenya ubhedu emhlabeni alikwazanga mass-kukhiqizwa kodwa ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Cool titanium icala ezahlukene eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukwakhiwa. Ekupheleni kuka-80s kwekhulu lamashumi amabili kukhona ezicitshwayo akusebenzi P-70 "Amethyst" (the ukwakhiwa kwezikhali main). Isitha Abazama isungule amadivayisi amasha ukuthola. uhlelo Hydroacoustic nge high degree iziqinisekiso kalula ukuthola indawo ye-K-162 (K-222). Lesi simo nzima umsindo ophakeme "Anchar".

Athuthukisiwe anti-ngwenya izindiza. Esinokuduma kwezulu "whale" Oceans (amatilosi Soviet zibiza futhi briskness isikebhe ngokuthi "Goldfish") kwaba mancane amathuba okuthi asinde. Kunengqondo, ukusetshenziswa, ezaqala ngo-2008 - umcimbi abavamile. Isintu siye akuzange kusungulwe ngokunyakaza umshini ephakade. Zonke oza laphinde labhidlika. Kodwa-ke nguye ingqwele kuphela, ubani owayengazishaya abe Museum of design impumelelo, ubunjiniyela. Akulondoloziwe.

bylem yene

K-222 waya laqaqwa njengoba ibuthuntu noma ubudala embhedeni umenzi. Futhi lokhu ngwenya, ifakwe uhlelo "Sigma-661" (vseshirotnaya), "Rada-1", "Nichrome" (into kuchazwe kungokwalabo esimweni esithile), esiphathiswa sonar uhlelo "Ruby"! Ukuze aphule - hhayi ukwakha ... Kukhona umbono namuhla kungase kwandise Ukuthandwa komkhuba othile ngabantu emangalisayo kakhulu yizivakashi.

Ngemva khona omude imfihlo ethile "etshela" ukuba izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo mayelana uhlalwe nzima ngwenya zakhe ezinamandla kakhulu. Azisekho izimangaliso eziningi kangaka, njengoba kubonakala. Abathandi art bakholelwa ukuthi "Anchar" Lesi esinye sezenzakalo izinto engavamile kakhulu futhi izenzakalo. Experience titanium izakhiwo isasetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza (685, 705, 945, 945A, kanye nabanye.) Futhi "Amethyst" missile namanje ewusizo ezikebheni "Skat" (eyakhelwe ngaphansi project 670).