Umdlavuza wamaphaphu - a nightmare bezinsuku zethu

umdlavuza wamaphaphu ingenye zomdlavuza ezivamile emhlabeni. Izimbangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu zihlukile:

• Ukubhema ingozi e 85-90% of amacala - kokubili ababhemayo non-ababhemayo ngubani isondelene kanye bephoqeleka ukuba uhogela intuthu kagwayi - yokwenziwa ababhemayo. Amathuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kuncike isikhathi Imininingwane eminyakeni wokubhema, inombolo kagwayi ngibhema ngosuku, ukujula uhlobo sokuhoxisa intuthu kagwayi. Amathuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi incike yobudala lapho abantu ukuqala ukubhema, ngokushesha aphakama. intuthu kagwayi iqukethe ezinobuthi futhi umdlavuza izinto: CO, acetaldehyde, i-ammonia, benzene, formaldehyde, vinyl chloride, njll

• Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke futhi kungenzeka emisebeni anda. Umthombo lokhu kungafana igesi enemisebe Radon, ezakhiwe okuyinto ukubola enemisebe ka -uranium. Radon ukhululeka emathunjini omhlaba, emadwaleni, amatshe amatshe, izindawo zezimayini amatshe nezimpahla zokwakha. Radon ingena emzimbeni amanzi kanye nomoya.

• zempilo yabantu nalo ehlaselwe nemibandela zokusebenza - izici professional. Kuye kungase kutholakale ukuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu landile abasebenzi asbestos, amalahle, i-chromium, ne-nickel kanye nezinye izimboni zezimayini nokucutshungulwa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi khona asbestos endaweni yokusebenza kuhlangene ukubhema kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyinto ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezinhlanu.

• Isikhathi eside nokuvuvukala okungalapheki izicubu wamaphaphu kunomthelela ukuthuthukiswa umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

• Futhi sofuba kubhekwa yingozi ukuze ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Umuntu bangaguliswa eyinhloko umdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi. Endabeni umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu ethile eyinhloko. Cishe ngo-5-15% we izimo, isifo itholakala ngesikhathi okungahleliwe esifubeni X-ray in iziguli kungekho zimpawu noma izimpawu zokungaphatheki. Ezimweni eziningi, iziguli uvakashele udokotela ngenxa isikhalazo ikakhulukazi: ukukhwehlela, isikhwehlela, okungaba igazi, iphika ubuhlungu besifuba. Nokho ngisho nangaphambi kokuba izimpawu ngenhla bangase bavele izimpawu ezivamile: ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, ukuncipha emzibeni, imnyama, imfiva, ukuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni. Ekusebentiseni imisebenzi yansuku zonke, abantu badinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokuphumula, ubona ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, okwakuyinto ngaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umdlavuza wamaphaphu ungasabalalisa ezicutshini ezungeze - ezinzwa plexus we emphinjeni, inhliziyo. Kulezi zimo, lesi sifo isivele wavuma futhi izimbangela zobuhlungu ehlombe, ukuphazamiseka sezinzwa, nobunzima ngokudla, arrhythmias inhliziyo, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Amaseli umdlavuza wamaphaphu Ungase futhi uthole khona ngemithambo yegazi kwezitho okude - amathambo, isibindi, ubuchopho. Khona-ke kuya izimpawu ezivamile izimpawu isifo ngokujoyina izingxenye izitho.

Ngesikhathi uphethwe ngokuvamile uthole ulwazi mayelana uhlobo amaseli abulalayo umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kunamaqembu amabili ayinhloko, ebangela engaphezu kuka-90% azo zonke izimo umdlavuza wamaphaphu - iseli amancane-non-ezincane umdlavuza cell wamaphaphu. Small iseli Ithumba nolaka, ke likhula ngokushesha, it libhekene indawo emaphakathi, ukusabalala (metastasizes) ngemithambo yegazi - 2/3 of metastases aqhelelene asezigabeni kakade ngesikhathi uphethwe kokuqala. Ukwelapha eziyisisekelo umdlavuza encane cell - uhlobo ezivamile yokwelapha - ngamakhemikhali.

Non-ezincane umdlavuza cell wamaphaphu (mayelana 80% omdlavuza wamaphaphu) ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezine:

• squamous - kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu njengoba umthetho, akhiwa yomoya ezinkulu, Lolo hide luqala ngo kancane kuye kwahlotshaniswa ukubhema.

• Adenocarcinoma - Kumiswa kusukela bronchial nezindlala EPITHELIAL.

• Bronhoalveolny - kwakheka alveoli yamaphaphu.

• Bolshekletochny - lubohlo azungeze emaphashini. Endabeni non-ezincane umdlavuza cell wamaphaphu, ngenkathi inqubo asandanga noma cha behileleka izitho eduze, ukusebenza isetshenziswa. Ngaphambi esigabeni nokusebenza elibekwe umdlavuza, isimo lymph node kulinganiselwa noma azikho metastases ezikude. Umthamo umsebenzi ziyahlukahluka - kuye ngobukhulu kanye nendawo yesimila phakathi nokuhlinzwa Ungasusa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izingxenye (segmentektomiya) wonke share (lobectomy), izingxenye ezimbili (bilobektomiya) noma yonke ingxenye eyodwa wamaphaphu (pneumonectomy). Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, esimisiwe zokwelapha aphelele - yini noma cha emisebeni kanye / noma imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Uma lo msebenzi ngikwazi ngenxa ukusabalala kwe-isimila noma concomitant izifo ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

Akunconyelwe Ukuhlolwa mass amathuba okuphathwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

ucwaningo European kule ndawo enganikanga imiphumela ephezulu ngcono futhi ngokwempilo yangenyama eqhathaniswa wonkana. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi abantu basengozini enkulu amathuba okuphathwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kunconywa kabili ngonyaka ibhekane-X-ray nokuhlolwa kanye luhlolo cytological ka isikhwehlela. Abantu ababhemayo esifubeni X-ray kuyadingeka ukuze uqhubeke ngendlela elandelayo: kufika eminyakeni engu-40 - kanye eminyakeni emibili, ngemva kweminyaka engu-40 - njalo ngonyaka.

Ukuyeka ukubhema, kokubili yekwentiwa namanje main isilinganiso izifo umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Uma namanje unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, noma uma ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, noma uthintane mayelana nokwelashwa abakhethiwe, kufanele ucabangele ngokuvakashela imitholampilo Oncology eJalimane, lapho izindlela yakamuva ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa, kanye nethimba abanolwazi ochwepheshe kulo mkhakha uzokwazi ukukunikeza kunakekelwa ngetemphilo letisezingeni lelifanele.