amangcwaba Old ezigcinwe emadolobheni amaningi asendulo. Iyathinteka kanye maphakathi Tula esifundeni, lapho ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi eziningi ezindala kubhekwe All Saints Cemetery. Tula - idolobha, esikhathini sethu - isikhungo lesifunda, eliqhele 200 ukusuka eMoscow. Wozawoza yamathuna bakhe basendulo?
Umlando emathuneni
Ngo 1771 kulokho manje endaweni Tula futhi kwezinye izifunda angomakhelwane wesifo itholiwe. Kule ndaba, Umkhandlu Wezigele wakhipha isimemezelo "Ngo emadolobheni nehoronenii babe amasonto, kodwa mayelana isikhala esinikeziwe kuleli zwe ...". A yamathuna entsha yahlelwa omuzi. Ekuqaleni, lapho bangcwatshwa ngalabo ababulawa kuphela "isifo esiwumshayabhuqe." It futhi kwakungekho zonke Saints emathuneni Tula kakade ngaleso sikhathi -. ngokwanele ezinkulu edolobheni ubhubhane isifo umonakalo bakhona akuzange kumenze Ngokusho kwemibiko kusukela isifo abaye bafa bonke abesilisa 12 (inani lokufa zesifazane awurekhodiwe) Sekuseduze kakhulu ukuba kuqale emathuneni waqala ... bangcwabe izakhamuzi zedolobha, ck onchavshihsya ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. I yamathuna u amba emhosheni, bese futhi insimu yalo wakha ibandla wokhuni.
Cathedral of All Saints e All Saints Cemetery
Ngo 1773 kwanqunywa ukuba kwakhiwe kabusha ibandla wokhuni. Lesi sakhiwo esisha kwanqunywa sokuzakhela itshe. On ukwakhiwa izimali ethempelini elithekelisiwe abathengisi zendawo Stefan Nichifor Deviatkin Sushkin. Kakade 1776, indaba nanye isonto lanikezelwa futhi evulekile for amalungu esonto. Kancane kancane Isakhiwo kwagcizelela kabusha, futhi 1803 waqala ukuqoqa iminikelo ukuze kwakhiwe umbhoshongo insimbi esontweni. Namuhla, kuyinto kule Ensemble yezakhiwo, abaningi bazi All Saints Cemetery. Tula bekulokhu esikhulu yezimboni nezomnotho njalo. Kanye ibandla, umbhoshongo insimbi yayakhiwe iminikelo of amalungu esonto. Ukwakha kwaphothulwa ngo-1863. Ukuphakama Imininingwane basembhoshongweni insimbi nge Spire 82 metres, isikhathi eside lokhu sakhiwo wayengumJuda ovelele kule mpo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isonto wathola isimo All Saints Cathedral, namuhla ke ingenye amasonto ngobukhulu e Tula esifundeni. Naphezu ukwakhiwa abakhuthele Ensemble edolobheni ngoludala, namuhla kungabonwa ezivela ezindaweni eziningi Tula. Kusukela 2003, umbhoshongo insimbi lombhishobhi esikhanyayo ebusuku.
All Saints Necropolis kule XIX-XX eminyaka
Emathuneni lakhula masinyane futhi kancane kancane waqala bangcwabe abafileyo lapha eziyizitezi eziningana. Fresh yokungcwaba lungaba seduze kakhulu ebusweni bomhlaba, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-igceke lesonto kwaba iphunga eyinqaba. It kwabathukuthelisa izakhamuzi eziningi edolobheni futhi kwenzekani iphuzu impilo umbono. Ngo-1839, ngokusho umbusi Tula AE Averkieva emathuneni kwenziwa endaweni engadini. Along azungezwe we yamathuna otsypali kukhale okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye ngemba emhosheni. Njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, nezindawo zokuhlala yaqala ukubonakala emhlabeni emathuneni ubudala. Kulesi yamathuna wasala amandla. Ngo-1847, ephendula izikhalo zabahlali ezizungeze emathuneni Governor N. N. Muravov wayala muhle emathuneni. On endaweni yamathuna uvele endlini yabalindi ngoba onogada, liphinde eyenziwa ukuvuselelwa uthango nemingcele emathuneni. Ngo-1864 ngesicelo amakholwa omphakathi bangamaKatolika yamathuna uvele ukwabiwa umhlaba nemingcwabo Lutheran-zamaKatolika. Kusukela engxenyeni eyinhloko it is ahlukaniswe umsele, bakha njengoba yokungena ehlukene nge esangweni-nemibhoshongo isitayela Gothic (ngasinda). Ngaphambili, lapho bangcwatshwa Orthodox kuphela All Saints Cemetery kusukela 1864 (Tula) ekubeni ababenamasiko nezinkolo ezingefani. Ngo-1900 izingane zaqala ukwakhiwa kocingo ezenziwe ngezitini ezibomvu.
yamathuna sidilizwa namuhla
Ngo-1968, emathuneni wanikezwa isimo isikhumbuzo mass emathuneni ngo insimu yalo wanqamuka. Namuhla, ungachitha nje isitsha emngcwabeni. Ngendlela ngaphandle ngo-2000 kwi-Insimu yamathuna wangcwatshwa Umphathi All Saints Cathedral Anatoly Rodionov. Eduze kwakhe isanda wangcwatshwa altarnitsa schema-ndela iNayile. All Saints Cemetery in Thule has a zomlando, zamasiko ungowenani elikhulu. On insimu yalo bangcwatshwe izibalo abaningi abavelele balo muzi. Ungayithathi kalula ezihlukahlukene tombstones kanye ezicijile. Namuhla, i-yamathuna ithatha ezingaphezu kuka 34 esingamahektare. Baqhuba ososayensi ucwaningo kanye nabamele wendawo Museum emlandweni futhi yokwakha. Kulesi yamathuna uyisikhumbuzo futhi kuvuliwe vele njengoba Luhambo izivakashi. Namuhla, wonke umuntu angakwazi e beyiqembu elihlelekile nge Umhlahlandlela ukuvakashela All Saints Cemetery (Tula). Imali ukuvakasha Kwenziwa aphoyintimenti. Ukuze uqiniswe, thintana Museum Tula yamathuna.
Ubuke All Saints Cemetery
Faka indawo yamathuna kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa emnyango main, elise ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo Leo kanye Tolstoho Pirogov. Kudlulwa esangweni, ungakwazi ukujabulela umbono egcwele Ensemble omangalisayo lombhishobhi nge umbhoshongo insimbi. Phakathi kwethempeli ne esangweni eyinhloko endaweni yokungcwaba umndeni, ehlotshiswe zemabula ukubaza zezingelosi. Eduze ungakwazi futhi ubone Crypt-yesonto N. I. Zhdanovskogo. Abathandi izakhiwo ezindala kuyoba mnandi ukuba udabule leli emathuneni. Kunezindlela eziningi gravestones ubudala. Lokhu sarcophagus, ehlotshiswe ngemihlobiso emihle ebaziwe esiyinkimbinkimbi namatshe amade abaziwe egwadle kanye zensimbi, yensimbi waphonsa neziphambano zokhuni. Uma ucabangela design kwamathuna usukela, indlela ezithakazelisayo futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngendlela engaqondakali okwakuthandelene Orthodox kanye motifs yobuqaba. Futhi konke lokhu Tula All Saints Cemetery. Tula tinganekwane lasendulo isiko kunesithembiso ikakhulukazi ngokucophelela. Ngokusho kwezinye izinguqulo All Saints yamathuna yayakhiwe esizeni lasendulo Amakholwa Old. Kuze kube manje, ochwepheshe uphenyo 4 kuphela amahektha zensimu. Mhlawumbe, kuyoba okutholakele eziningi ezithakazelisayo futhi akumangalisi lokhu.
Amathuna abantu abavelele
On All Saints Cemetery kukhona amathuna omndeni amathuna nezindawo zokungcwaba olulodwa ubuntu eziningi odumile esifundeni. Lapha bangcwatshwe: P. P. belousov (udokotela, umdali main edolobheni epaki), i-FV Tokarev (umklami izingalo ifektri), D. Ya Vanykin (umsunguli Vanykinskoy izibhedlela), E. Skvoronsky (wezakhiwo), NI Beloborodov (umsunguli wendlela ngokuvumelana chromatique), R. J. Dreyer (umsunguli we esibhedlela sesitimela), N. I. Troitsky (umbhali) kanye nabanye abantu abaningi abavelele. Indlela yokuthola ithuna ethize, uma wazi kahle ukuthi yini endaweni yokungcwaba emzini Tula? Zonke amathuna Saints Cemetery kuholela uhlu kusukela buqala. Londoloza amafayela Museum Tula Necropolis.
All Saints Cemetery (Tula): kanjani lapho ezokuthutha zomphakathi kanye nezizimele?
I yamathuna zasendulo enkabeni yedolobha. Amathuna odongeni siphela ezitaladini parallel Morisa Tereza, Lva Tolstogo futhi Timiryazev. Eyinhloko yokungena insimu itholakala ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo Pirogov futhi Lva Tolstogo. Indlela elula ukuze uthole khona ngemoto itilosi. I ngqo ikheli All Saints Cathedral: st. Lva Tolstogo, isakhiwo 79. ngu ezokuthutha zomphakathi kufanele sifinyelele stop "mgwaqo. Pirogov ", bese iya ngqo kanye lo mgwaqo. Uma ecabangela ukungcwatshwa lamaJalimane ukuze All Saints Cemetery Tula lalinomnyango ehlukile. Namuhla, ukuze singene kwesigaba-non-Orthodox of emathuneni kungenziwa kuphela wadlula Ilungiselelo emaphakathi lombhishobhi.