Alexander Rodchenko: ukuphila nomsebenzi

U-Alexander Michailovich Rodchenko, u-constructivist nomklami, wachitha impilo yakhe yonke yabantu abadala ngokuzikhandla. Akazange ahlale ethola ukuqonda okuvela embusweni, bese umsebenzi wawunomthelela, futhi ekufuneni umphefumulo. Ikakhulu lokhu kubonisa iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila.

Ubuntwana nentsha

Emndenini wezintambo zezakhiwo nezitolo zokugqoka ngo-1891, indodana ka-Alexander yazalwa. Eminyakeni eyishumi nanye kamuva bathuthela eKazan. Lapho ngo-1905 uRudchenko waphothula esikoleni esiphakeme saseParish. Abazali baphupha ukuthi indodana izofunda futhi ibe yinkampani yamazinyo - isipesheli somuntu ovikelekile, futhi intombazane ifuna ukudweba. Kusukela eneminyaka engama-20 kuze kube sekuqhamuka kweMpi Yezwe I, usebenze eKazan, isikole sobuciko, iminyaka emine, lapho ezohlangana khona noVarya Stepanova, obesebe ngumngani nomngani wakhe. Kodwa ngo-1914 wangeniswa ebuthweni wathunyelwa eMzemstvo yaseMoscow, lapho ephethe umnotho wesitimela.

EMoscow

Kusukela ngo-1916, u-Alexander Rodchenko waqala ukuhlola ngemidwebo futhi wabamba iqhaza embukisweni kaVotlin, lapho ekhombisa khona ukudweba kwakhe kwe-avant-garde. Ungakwazi ukufana ne-avant-garde ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kule miisebenzi, othile uzothola incazelo ejulile emafomeni amasha asungulwe, ngoba into ethile umculi wacabanga ngesikhatsi udala imidwebo. U-Alexander Rodchenko wacabangela ukucinga kwakhe kokudala njengendlela yokuphenya. Phela, wabhala izinhlelo ayeziloba ngazo izinkolelo zakhe. Futhi emidwebo eyenziwe ngamafomu wejometri, wazama ukuveza ukujula kwesikhala nokuma kwezakhi.

Umsebenzi wenhlangano eMoscow

Ngo-1917, abaculi badala inyunyana yobuchwepheshe. U-Alexander Rodchenko uqobo Indoda enamandla, uneminyaka engu-26 ubudala, ugcwele amandla futhi, njengoba engunobhala wezinyunyana, uthatha inhlangano yokuphila kwabaculi abasha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwe-cafe yasePittoresk, futhi usebenza e-People's Commissariat for Education.

Ukudala

Ngo-1923, incwadi kaMayakovsky ethi "About This" yashicilelwa. Kuye, uRodchenko wadala imifanekiso enhle. Ama-collage wezithombe afaka ama-portraits womdali nomthandi wakhe uLily Brick. Le ncwadi yayitholwe ngokungenangqondo ngabasuku. Umklamo wandisa ukukhululeka kwedrama. Ngokwesibonelo, u-Lunacharsky wayejabule ngombongo, kodwa wayengangabazi ngokuklama kwawo, umsebenzi kaRodchenko wawunokuqala kakhulu. Leli bhuku kwakuqhutshwa umsebenzi wabo wokudibanisa kuma-posters. Ngama-1920, ulimi lwe-poster lwashintsha ngokuphawulekayo - lwaba lukhuni kakhulu, laconic, ulwazi. Ukusuka eNtshonalanga Yurophu, wayehluke kakhulu namafomu akhe amasha. I-Mayakovsky no-Rodchenko ngesikhala sakha ama-posters agqubuzelayo ezombusazwe ekuhlaleni kwe-constructivism eminyakeni engu-23-25 . Kule nkathi emifushane, kudalwe izikhalo eziningana ukuze zikhawuleze kuMosselprom, phakathi kwazo okuyinto ehlabayo kakhulu "isinkwa eshibhile" nethi "Ayikho enye indawo ...", kanye nama-Rubinrestrade sausages, ukukhangisa kwe-GUM. Ngaphandle kwamatheksthi abambekayo, ahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezibukwayo zethonya: imibala elula ehluke kakhulu, ama-foreshortenings angajwayelekile. Futhi futhi wasebenzisa imigqa elandelekile, eqondile neyizingqimba, ifonti yobukhulu obuhlukile. Konke ndawonye, akunakwenzeka kodwa ukudweba futhi hhayi ukuqiniseka.

Uhlobo olusha lobuciko

Kuvezwe ngengozi isici esilandelayo se talenta yalowo muntu ongajwayelekile - isithombe sobuciko. U-Alexander Rodchenko waphoqeleka ukuba athathe umsebenzi wakhe wezemidlalo. Okumangalisa ukuthi imibono ivele igxile ema-1920. Umbuzo uphakama: uke wakwazi ukuwasebenzisa nini? Usebenze amahora angu-24? Ukuthola uhlobo olusha lwezobuciko, yena ngokuzikhandla wazinikela kuye. Wabamba izikhathi zokuphila yonke indawo futhi wadala ubuciko. Udubule abantu nezinto ezivela kumaphuzu angavamile, wathatha izingalo ezivela engxenyeni, wathatha izithombe ezivela ngezansi nangaphezulu, wadala ama-portraits. Kwakuyindawo yokudubula, nasemigwaqweni yedolobha, nasemvelweni.

Ngomnyaka we-1930, uRudchenko wamangalelwa ngokuba yizigqila ngoba wayedubula iphayona elishaya icilongo. Kodwa waqhubeka esebenza, engahambisani nezidingo zeziphathimandla. Icala laphela ngeqiniso lokuthi ngo-51 waxoshwa ku-Union of Artists. Kwakuyisikhathi esimnyama empilweni yakhe nasempilweni yomkakhe uVarvara Stepanova. Kodwa konke kwaxazululwa ngemuva kokufa kukaStalin, futhi ngo-54 uRudchenko ubuyiselwe emigqeni yabaculi. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ngo-1956, uRodchenko washona. Wayeneminyaka engu-64 ubudala.

Kodwa wenza okuningi kangangokuthi ingosi yakhe yomlando idinga ukuqhubeka ukuhlola futhi yenza imidwebo yezithombe zemisebenzi yakhe, njengoba zibonisa isikhathi futhi azizange zilahlekelwe ukuveza umbono.