Aesthetics - Lona ubuhle futhi iwusizo wefilosofi

lo mqondo sobuhle bayo beza kithi kusukela eGrisi lasendulo. Lapho izazi zefilosofi zasendulo okokuqala wacabanga mayelana ezigabeni ezahlukene kanye izincazelo ngenca yemisebenti yeluntfu, anikwa igama elisheshayo amahle ugly, futhi bezibona lokhu imizwa mkhuba. Kamuva baqala ukukholelwa ukuthi sobuhle bayo - lena umbono ekhethekile mayelana nalokho nobuhle. Liphinde wasikisela ngalokho yakha kungathatha, noma ngabe ikhona ngokwemvelo noma kuphela imisebenzi. Singasho ukuthi le mfundiso njengendlela isiyalo umsuka kanye kanye nefilosofi futhi siyingxenye yaso. I Pythagoreans, "esihlanganisa algebra futhi ngokuvumelana ', kuhlangene nomqondo ubuhle kanye nezinombolo. Aesthetics - kwaleli nani. Isethulo zezwe lasendulo oluyisimanga lwenganekwane kuya ngezigaba

zefilosofi sidilizwa kugcizelelwe umqondo umsuka emhlabeni esiphithiphithini, futhi ekugcineni isifiso sakhe sokuba ngokuvumelana. Ngenxa sobuhle bayo basonta isigaba ontology. Ngakho, i-Macro futhi microcosm, okungukuthi, umuntu nendawo yonke kwadingeka ukuba kube khona ukufana Drogo ngamunye, kuhlanganise ubuhle. Izinganekwane eziningi zasendulo nazo basabela kulesi umbono wezwe. AmaSophist wabona ukuthi ngokuvamile imibono tebuciko sincike ngabanye kanye nombono wakhe. Ngakho bambekephi value inombolo aesthetics imikhakha ezakha isisekelo ubuntu. USocrates, kunalokho, wasikisela ukuba sobuhle bayo - lokhu kuyinto umqondo unobuntu futhi ukuziphatha okumbi. imibono yakhe kwakusekelwe ikakhulu akhiwa uPlato owaphawula ukuthi kuyinto enhle, sithola "phezu sengathi uzama ukukhumbula." Bavela ezweni onkulunkulu. Ekugcineni ngo-Aristotle sithola wonke umbono ubuhle kanye lokusungula zidinga kuveza zefilosofi definition ngokwesayensi. Waqale baphakamise eside ezifana "isigaba sobuhle bayo", wawangenisa kwegazi ngokwesayensi. Aristotle Kwehlukanisa imigomo eyisisekelo singaveza umbono umsebenzi: "lemihle kakhulu", "sublime", "ugly", "okubi", "yamahlaya", "ezibuhlungu." Wazama nokuthintana ukusungula ubudlelwano obukhona phakathi lezi zigaba nokuncika komunye nomunye wabo.

Wezimfundiso yobuhle eYurophu kuze kube namuhla

Phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni, wabusa nobuKristu Platonism ukuthi sobuhle bayo kuvela kuNkulunkulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho kufanele "elalibhalwe ukuthi" izimfundiso zenkolo futhi subordinated kuso. Foma Akvinsky ithuthukiswe imfundiso yokuziphendukela ubuhle futhi iwusizo kakhulu ngokuya Aristotle. Uzindla ukuthi izigaba tebuciko zenzelwe ukuhola bomuntu noNkulunkulu, futhi kanjani they ziyabonakala kwemvelo okwadalwa kuYe. Phakathi Renaissance, imfundiso yokugcina sekuthandwa kakhulu, ngoba usesho bayezwana ngokwemvelo ngosizo Tibalo kanye nebudlelwane lobukhona lubonakaliswa esebenzisa titfombe nemagama yaba isikhungo esiyinhloko indlela njengezisulu zakhe ngefilosofi yobuhle. kwavela Ngakho aesthetics yobuciko ekuchazweni ubuhlakani uLeonardo da Vinci. Ekhulwini le-19 yayibuswa zinkolelo-mbono ezicatshangelwayo ezintathu ukuthi baye balwa bodwa ngenxa ke ethandwa phakathi nezihlakaniphi. Okokuqala, lokhu kuba umqondo romantic, uthi sobuhle bayo - liyisipho bemvelo kumuntu, futhi wena nje kudingeka bakwazi ukukuzwa izwi lakhe, Ihlanganisa ke emsebenzini wakhe. Khona - ifilosofi Hegelian, uveza ukuthi imfundiso yokuziphendukela enhle - kuwuhlobo ukuthuthukiswa umbono ngokuphelele, futhi ine izigaba ezithile zomlando yentuthuko, kanye nokuziphatha. Ekugcineni, umqondo Kant ukuthi sobuhle bayo umbono wethu bemvelo njengoba into kokuba bakwazi. Lesi sithombe e amakhanda ethu, futhi thina ngokwethu uyilethe emhlabeni. Eqinisweni, aesthetics zivela "embusweni wenkululeko" hhayi imvelo. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kufika inhlekelele ezindaweni yendabuko theory esihle, kodwa kakade ngendaba nengxoxo ehluke ngokuphelele.