Abantu kuqala isikhala. Yield lomuntu lokuthoma emkhathini

Bangobani - amadoda aqale emkhathini? Ingxenye yekhulu lamashumi amabili yesibili ephawulekayo imicimbi eminingi. Omunye ambitious kakhulu kwaba ukutholakala isikhala womuntu. ESoviet Union wadlala indima ehamba phambili kulesi eqa qualitative, eyaqala abantu, kusukela ukuhlola emkhathini. Naphezu ukubangisana eqinile phakathi kwemibuso emikhulu yomhlaba, iSoviet Union ne-United States, amadoda aqale emkhathini babevela eSoviet Union, okwabangela neziqubu ukufutheka abangenamandla ezweni eliyisitha.

1961

Yeshumi nambili ngo-April 1961 - usuku okuyinto zonke wesikole ezaziwayo. Ngalolusuku inabasebenzi indiza emkhathini saqala awenziwanga. Kulapho bonke abantu Earth abakufundile astronaut ukuthi lembulunga yethu ngempela round. Yingaleso sikhathi, ngo-April 12, abantu ababeza womuntu wokuqala isikhala. 1961 th phakade langena umlando Earthlings.

Umuntu wokuqala emkhathini - ezazivela eSoviet Union!

Ngaleyo minyaka kwaba umncintiswano onzima kabi phakathi eU.SSR USA. Futhi lapho, futhi kukhona ngenkuthalo bafuna ukuhlola umkhathi. I-United States futhi ukulungele ukuba sifeze indiza emkhathini. Kodwa kwathi yamabhanoyi le Cosmonaut wokuqala ukuphuma ngaphansi kweSoviet Union. Kwakubonakala ukuba Yuri Gagarin. Ukuhlolwa wayesenze amaphutha kwenziwe, futhi inja landizela isikhala, Belka ezidumile Strelka, kodwa hhayi indoda.
Umhlaba wonke ihlombe Cosmonaut lokuqala, naphezu kwakho konke US izama ukunciphisa ukubaluleka indiza yayo.

Njengoba kwakunjalo

Mkhathi "Vostok-1" wethulwa ngesikhathi amahora 9, imizuzu 7 kusukela le Baikonur Cosmodrome, bethwele Yuri Gagarin. indiza yakhe eyathatha isikhathi esijana, imizuzu 108 nje. Asikwazi ukuthi kwakungadingekile bushelelezi ngokuphelele. Phakathi indiza, kukhona isimo esiphuthumayo: kukhona ukwehluleka zokuxhumana; avuze umtshina, ngenxa okuyinto hhayi isevisi unqamukile mojuli hhayi kwabangela; Kwakuthinta wenza umcimbi isudi.

Kodwa isimo sokulindela okuhle astronaut nobuchwepheshe sisonke akazange ukudanisa. Wafikela, catapulted Earth. Kodwa ngenxa yokuhluleka ohlelweni unyathela amabhuleki umshini akezi phansi esifundeni kuhlelwe (amakhilomitha 110 kusukela kwaseStalingrad), futhi e Saratov, eduze nedolobha Engels.

Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu e-United States ukuba eside isikhathi bazama ukuphoqelela emhlabeni umbono wabo ukuthi indiza ayikwazanga ngokuthi ephelele. Nokho, imizamo zehlulekile. Gagarin wahlangana emazweni amaningi njengoba iqhawe. Yena yanikezelwa inqwaba imiklomelo ehlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke.

Yuri Gagarin: Biography emfushane

Wazalwa lesishiyagalolunye e-March 1934 edolobhaneni Klushino Gzhatsk wesifunda (njengamanje Gagarin esifundeni Smolensk esifundeni) e emkhayeni ompofu. Kube yathola iminyaka kwesigamu umsebenzi amabutho amaNazi, lapho umndeni wonke azixoshwanga endlini futhi waphoqeleka ukuba ahlale kuleli ngezingodo. Ngalesi sikhathi, umfana engakaze afunda, futhi kuphela emva wenkululeko yisikole iRed Army ukubuyiswa.
Gagarin iziqu esikoleni sokufundela, ngangenela Saratov Industrial Technical School. Ngo-1954, lapho kuqala wafika Saratov Flying Club, futhi ngo-1955, ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, wenza indiza yayo yokuqala. Sekube 196 kamuva.

Wabe iziqu Military Aviation School futhi wakhonza njengephayona umshayeli fighter. Futhi ngo-1959, wabhala isitatimende ethi zibalwa eqenjini candidates for Cosmonauts.

Alexey Gagarin ushone ekuseni kakhulu, eneminyaka engu-34. Kodwa ukuze ukuphila, washiya inkumbulo okukhulu ezinhliziyweni abantu abaningi abakhumbula ngaye njengendoda enokholo wavakashela okokuqala e isikhala ezisemkhathini.

Owesifazane wokuqala emkhathini - ezazivela eSoviet Union!

Ngemva indiza Yuriya gagarina, lo mkhuba waqala ukuthuthukisa i ijubane ngisho ngokushesha. Man and Space bakhangwa nomunye ngomfutho ovuselelwe. manje Ososayensi ovuthayo, kangangokuthi lona wesifazane wavakashela khona. Ukuphikelela kanye intelligence wasiza ladies uValentina Tereshkova. Juni 16, 1963, kusukela ngomhla ka-mkhathi "Vostok-6", wavakashela owesifazane wokuqala emkhathini, abadumile kusukela umhlaba wonke.

UValentina Tereshkova: Biography emfushane

Wazalelwa 6 ngoMashi 1937 e Tutaev isifunda Yaroslavl esifundeni umkhaya ovamile. ubaba wakhe umshayeli ugandaganda futhi wabulawa ngaphambili, futhi umama ayesebenza embonini yendwangu. Ngo-1953, wathweswa iziqu emakilasini eziyisikhombisa UValya, sahlala brasletchitsey Yaroslavl isitshalo. Ngo parallel, yena wathola imfundo yakhe ebusuku esikoleni.
Ngo-1959, i-Tereshkova abasha ngagxila e Awamapharashuthi, futhi wenza engamakhulu kuzuba.

Space-ke exhumene isiphelo sayo ngo-1962, lapho kwanqunywa ukuthumela owesifazane emkhathini. Kwabazabalazayo eziningi abakhethelwa ukhetho ezinhlanu. Uma ubhalisile kulesi Cosmonaut uValentina waqala ukuqeqeshwa sithuthukiswe nemfundo. Kwathi ngonyaka olandelayo, ke wakhethwa indiza.

I Cosmonaut kuqala evulekile

U-Aleksey Leonov le out lokuqala mkhathi endaweni evulekile isikhala ezisemkhathini. Ngo-March 18, 1965. Ngaleso sikhathi, asikho isimiso ukuphunyula osomkhathi ayenziwe. Kwakunzima udokhe noma umkhumbi owodwa ukuya kwenye. Omunye bekulangazelela yena yokuhlabelela yamabhanoyi naye. Alexei Arkhipovich wanquma kuwo, ngaleyo ndlela zokufeza iphupho Tsiolkovskii edume eyayisikisela usebenzisa EVAs sluice ekamelweni.

Nalapha futhi, i-Soviet Union beat e-United States. Nabo futhi, ungathanda asebenze. Kodwa ekhishwa womuntu wokuqala isikhala kwenziwa wayeyindoda Soviet.

Njengoba kwakunjalo

Okokuqala, evulekile uthumela isilwane, kodwa kamuva belahla umqondo. Phela, inselele eyinhloko kanjani ukuthola ukuthi baziphathe kanjani emkhathini, indoda wayengeke ixazululwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi silwane akakwazi ukutshela ke ngesimo sazo.

ezizathwini abahlukahlukene ayesezibhebheni izindebe omphakathi mayelana womuntu ophumayo ezisemkhathini ku evulekile. Futhi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amadoda aqale emkhathini wazivakashela kakade, ngokuqiniseka ngqo ukuthi abantu baziphathe ngaphandle imoto, azange abe munye.

Ukwakheka crew wakhethwa ngokucophelela. Ngaphezu kwalokho idatha ngokomzimba kakhulu ezidingekayo ukuhambisana nokuhlangana ngokuvumelana lonke iqembu. Cosmonauts Belyaev futhi Leonov waba ezimbili kuhambisana izimfanelo zabo yomuntu.
Cosmonaut basala imizuzu nambili, okwathi phakathi naleso kahlanu sehla emkhunjini, waphindela emuva emuva. Lokhu kunganeliseki kwavela ngemva inkinga lapho-ke kwakudingekile ukuba abuyele abanikeze asebenza nabo. Spacesuit e cleaner avuvuka kangangokuthi akakwazanga ngawakhamela zibe amabhu. Ngemva uchungechunge imizamo akuphumelelanga Leonov isinqumo kuphambene imiyalelo vplyt ngaphakathi yinhloko, ungabi imilenze. wakwenza.

U-Aleksey Arhipovich Leonov: Biography emfushane

Wazalwa-May 30, 1934 edolobhaneni laseSiberia, eduze kwedolobha eKemerovo. Uyise wayengumGreki ngangisebenza emayini, nonina - uthisha.

Alex wakhulela emkhayeni omkhulu futhi kwaba ingane lesishiyagalolunye. Ngisho kwedeski esikoleni, waba nesithakazelo zezindiza ubuchwepheshe, futhi ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme wangena Pilot School. Wabe iziqu eSikoleni fighter abashayeli bezindiza. Futhi ngo-1960, iye bamelana azinabo Ukukhetha inqubo, ukuthi libhaliswe Cosmonaut.

Leonov wenza ebaleka ngo-1965. Kusukela 1967 kuya ku-1970 wahola iqembu lokuqala osomkhathi enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga. Ngo-1973 yena waba akhethiwe ku indiza ezikanye osomkhathi USA, okokuqala emlandweni wenza docking imikhumbi-mkhathi.

Alexei Leonov uyilungu ngamazwe ezigungu-astronaut, academician ka PAA and Co-Usihlalo we-Association of Space Abahloli bamazwe.

Man and Space

Ebhekisela isihloko isikhala, ingasaphathwa abantu abafana S. P. Korolev futhi K. Tsiolkovsky. Ababona wabokuqala emkhathini futhi akukaze kube khona. Nokho, ngokuyinhloko yimizamo yawo kanye umsebenzi umuntu okwamanje finyelela it.

Sergey Pavlovich - ungumdali rocket isikhala ubuchwepheshe zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Kwaba ngokusuka kwakhe, satellite lokuqala yokufakelwa Zomhlaba futhi "Vostok-1" zathunyelwa Yuri Gagarin ebhodini. Lapho -astronaut wafa ngo ebhantshini lakhe wathola isithombe Sergei Pavlovich.

Tsiolkovsky - usosayensi self-wafundisa, kubhekwa umsunguli Astronautics theory. Yena - umlobi imisebenzi eminingi yesayensi kanye kumnandi, baqala khona ukukhuthaza umbono ka ukuhlola umkhathi.